Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Hipoksia merupakan kondisi inadekuat suplai oksigen menyebabkan peningkatan radikal bebas perusak organ, contohnya otak. Radikal bebas dinetralisir antioksidan endogen dan eksogen. Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica memiliki efek antioksidan. Pewarnaan AgNOR mengukur derajat kerusakan sel. Penelitian bertujuan membuktikan efek pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol akar Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica pada histopatologi neuron korteks serebrum tikus pascahipoksia pewarnaan AgNOR. Penelitian mendapat sediaan dari 26 ekor tikus Spraque-Dawley, terbagi dalam 6 kelompok: kontrol normal; kontrol negatif (hipoksia+aquades); hipoksia+kombinasi 1; hipoksia+kombinasi 2; hipoksia+tunggal 2; kontrol positif (hipoksia+vit C). Induksi hipoksia selama 7 hari dengan mengalirkan O2 10% dan N2 90% bertekanan 1 atm. Setelah 7 hari, dilakukan Analisis Gas Darah, reoksigenasi 1 jam, dilanjutkan pemberian perlakuan aquades; (AI200+CA150); (AI250+CA100); CA150 dan vitamin C selama 7 hari. Pada akhir studi dilakukan euthanasia, organ otak diambil untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan AgNOR. Hasil: Pemberian esktrak kombinasi 2, tunggal 2, dan kombinasi 1 berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p=0,000; p=0,005; p=0,023). Kesimpulan: Kombinasi ekstrak etanol (AI250+CA100) memiliki efek terbaik untuk mengurangi kerusakan neuron korteks serebrum secara histopatologi.

---

Hypoxia is inadequate conditions of oxygen causes increasing free radicals destroying organs, e.g. brain. Free radicals neutralized by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica have antioxidant effects. AgNOR staining measures degree of damaged cell. The aim of this study was to prove the effect of the combination of ethanol extract on the roots of Acalypha indica and Centella asiatica on the histopathology of cortical neurons in cerebrum of rats after hypoxia in AgNOR staining. The study of 26 Spraque-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups: normal control; negative control (hypoxia + aquades); hypoxia + combination 1; hypoxia + combination 2; hypoxia + single 2; positive control (hypoxia + vit C). Induction of hypoxia for 7 days by flowing 10% O2 and 90% N2 with 1 atm pressure. After 7 days, Blood Gas Analysis, 1 hour re-oxygenation, followed by treatments; distilled water; (AI200 + CA150); (AI250 + CA100); CA150 and vitamin C for 7 days. At the end of study, euthanasia was carried out, brain organs were taken for histopathology examination with AgNOR staining. The combination 2, single 2 and combination 1 extracts were significantly different compared to negative control (p = 0,000; p = 0.005; p = 0.023). The combination of ethanol extract (AI250 + CA100) has the best effect to reduce damage to cerebral cortical neurons histopathologically."

"Inflammasi neurogenik berperan pada penyebaran infeksi oral. Teori infeksi fokal rongga mulut telah diusulkan sejak awal 1900an, infeksi gigi menyebabkan berbagai penyakit sistemik. Namun, teori ini mulai ditinggalkan setelah banyak gigi telah dicabut tanpa memberikan hasil yang memuaskan. Penelitian terbaru membuktikan bahwa infeksi rongga mulut dapat menyebar secara sistemik. Walaupun demikian, penemuan terdahulu tidak dapat membuktikan bagaimana terapi periodontal “assisted drainage” (ADT), dapat mengurangi gejala migren dan asma dalam hitungan menit. Penelitian terkait interaksi keradangan imunogenik dan neurogenik yaitu mediator proinflamasi calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), TNF-α dan vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) masih jarang dilakukan. Tujuan: Melakukan verifikasi penyebaran keradangan neurogenik mulut ke organ yang jauh setelah melakukan ADT melalui ekspresi CGRP, VIP dan TNF-α. Metode: 24 tikus wistar jantan disuntik intragingival dengan lipopolisakarida Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgLPS1435/1450). Setelah empat hari, 12 tikus diberikan ADT, kemudian semua sampel dikorbankan 40 menit setelah ADT. Ekpresi CGRP, VIP dan TNF-α dianalisis dengan imunohistokimia. Analisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan nilai ekspresi CGRP, VIP, dan TNF-α tiap kelompok uji. Hasil: Injeksi PgLPS meningkatkan CGRP, VIP an TNF-α walau tidak selalu bermakna pada kelompok kontrol. Ekspresi CGRP dan TNF-α menurun, tetapi ekspresi VIP meningkat pada kelompok ADT. Simpulan: Peradangan neurogenik terlibat dalam penyebaran keradangan rongga mulut ke seluruh tubuh yang dimungkinkan karena ADT mengurangi peradangan organ lain melalui stimulasi VIP.

---

Focal infection theory proposed in early 1900’s stated that dental infection caused systemic disorders. Nevertheless, the theory was abandoned since large number of teeth were extracted with no satisfying result. Recent reports revealed that oral infections were able to spread systemically. However, there is no rationalization available toexplain how assisted drainage therapy (ADT), a periodontal therapy that could relief migraine and asthma within minutes. Oral neurogenic and immunogenic inflammation interaction involving pro-inflammatory markers such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), TNF-α; and antiinflammatory vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was still under investigation. Objective: To verify the spread of oral inflammation to distant organ after performing ADT by analysing CGRP, VIP and TNF-α expressions. Methods: Two different concentration of Porphyromonasgingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS1435/1450) was injected intragingivally into two groups of 12 Wistar rats. After four days, 12 rats were given ADT and all samples were subsequently sacrificed 40 mins after ADT. Immunohistochemistry analysis using CGRP, VIP and TNF-α on the nasal and bronchus tissue was performed. ANOVA was used for statistical analyisis of the difference between CGRP, VIP and TNF-α expression between experimental groups. Results: PgLPS injections slightly increased CGRP, VIP and TNF-α expressions in the control group. Rats undergone ADT had lower CGRP and TNF-α but higher VIP expressions. Conclusion: Neurogenic inflammation involved in systemic spread of oral infection. ADT was able to downregulate inflammation in distant organ posibly by stimulating VIP."

"This book presents the complex physiological and neurochemical processes of neural metabolism and function in response to various physiological conditions and pharmacological stimulations. "

"Neuronal noise combines experimental, theoretical and computational results to show how noise is inherent to neuronal activity, and how noise can be important for neuronal computations. The book covers many aspects of noise in neurons, with an emphasis on the largest source of noise : synaptic noise. It also provides the specialist with a summary of the large body of sometimes contrasting experimental data, and different theories proposed to explore the computational power that various forms of "noise" can confer to neurons."

"Inspired by response to a workshop at the 2008 OCNS meeting, this book tracks advances in the application of phase response (PR) analysis to the study of electrically excitable cells, focusing on applications of PR analysis in the computational neurosciences."

"Ian Waterman lost touch and movement/position sense (proprioception) below the neck over 40 years ago, though pain and temperature perception and his peripheral movement nerves were unaffected. Without proprioceptive feedback he was completely unable to move and felt both disembodied and frightened. Then, slowly, he taught himself to dress, eat, and walk by thinking about each movement and with visual supervision. Through his experiences we can better understand proprioception. The narrative moves between biography and the scientific research he has been involved in. He has been married three times and built up successful careers in disability access audit, using his impairment to his advantage, and in rare turkey breeding and journalism. The neuroscience has led to data on movement without feedback, the pleasantness of touch, gesture, pain, and orientation of the body in space. This account shows how the science was actually done but also reveals Ians journey from passive subject to informed critic of science and scientists. His unique response to such a rare condition has also led to a BBC documentary, theatrical portrayals, and a weightless flight with NASA. As a young man Ian sought triumph over his impairment; now, nearly 65, he has more mature reflections on living with such an extraordinary loss, the limits it has imposed, and the opportunities it has enabled. He gives his views on scientists and on others he has met including Oliver Sacks and Peter Brook. In an Afterword those from science, the arts, and philosophy give an appreciation of his contribution."