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Abstrak :
Developmental coordination disorder DCD merupakan gangguan koordinasi motorik yang mengganggu prestasi akademik dan kegiatan olahraga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai diagnostik neurological soft signs NSS dalam mendiagnosis DCD. Subjek terdiri atas 86 anak usia sekolah dasar suspek DCD dan 20 subjek kontrol. Semua subjek menjalani pemeriksaan fisis dan neurologis, anamnesis riwayat perkembangan, prestasi akademik, kesulitan menulis atau olahraga, screen time, dan aktivitas fisis, pemeriksaan antropometri, pemeriksaan NSS, serta pemeriksaan baku Bruininks-Oseretsky Test 2 Short Form BOT-2 SF . Subjek dengan skor BOT-2 SF below average dan well below average didiagnosis DCD. Median usia subjek 10,05 rentang 6,3 sampai 12,5 tahun; 67 adalah lelaki. DCD ditemukan pada 28,3 subjek. Sebanyak 67 subjek memiliki ge;1 NSS positif dan 41,5 memiliki ge;2 positif. NSS berhubungan bermakna dengan DCD apabila ge;2 positif p=0,047 . Nilai cut-off NSS optimal adalah ge;2 positif, dengan sensitivitas 57 dan spesifisitas 64 [area under the curve 0,639 IK95 0,512-0,767 ; p=0,026]. Dengan nilai cut-off ge;4, pemeriksaan ini memiliki sensitivitas 16,7 dan spesifisitas 99 . Pada 20 subjek DCD didapatkan komorbiditas neurodevelopmental lainnya. Sebagai simpulan, pemeriksaan NSS pada DCD merupakan pemeriksaan yang spesifik namun kurang sensitif. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk karakterisasi NSS pada komorbiditas yang dapat menyertai DCD. ...... Developmental coordination disorder DCD is a disorder of motor coordination impairing academic and sports performance. We aimed to determine the value of neurological soft signs NSS in diagnosing DCD. Subjects were 86 DCD suspected elementary school children and 20 controls. All underwent physical and neurological examination, interview on developmental and academic history, difficulties in writing or sports, screen time, and physical activity, anthropometric measurement, NSS examination, and the standardized Bruininks Oseretsky Test 2 Short Form BOT 2 SF . Below average and well below average BOT 2 SF scores were classified as DCD. Subjects rsquo median age was 10.05 range 6.3 to 12.5 years 67 were male. DCD was found in 28.3 of subjects. Sixty seven percent and 41.5 of subjects had ge 1 and ge 2 positive NSS, respectively. More than 2 positive NSS was significantly associated with DCD p 0.047 . The optimal NSS cut off value was ge 2 sensitivity 57 specificity 64 area under the curve 0.639 95 CI 0.512 0.767 p 0.026 . Using a cut off value of ge 4, NSS had a sensitivity and specificity of 16.7 and 99 , respectively. Neurodevelopmental comorbidities were found in 20 of DCD subjects. In conclusion, NSS is a specific, but less sensitive, diagnostic test for DCD. Further studies are needed to characterize NSS in comorbid conditions.

Abstrak :
Spinal merupakan tempat metastasis tumor terbanyak, menyebabkan defisit neurologis akibat kompresi saraf spinal, berpotensi distres sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya kualitas hidup. Kerentanan terhadap distres dipengaruhi strategi koping. Penelitian potong lintang untuk mengetahui strategi koping dan faktor terkait distres pada pasien tumor metastasis spinal di RSCM. Sebanyak 104 subjek diambil dari rawat jalan maupun rawat inap. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat menilai hubungan antara gambaran masalah, strategi koping, faktor sosiodemografi, serta karakteristik tumor spinal dengan distres. Proporsi distres subjek penelitian ini adalah 57,7% masalah terbanyak spesifik tumor spinal (87,5%), namun hubungannya tidak bermakna terhadap distres. Hubungan bermakna ditemukan pada masalah keluarga dan masalah emosional. Strategi religious-focused coping paling sering digunakan. Subjek yang mengalami distres memiliki median total skor problem-focused coping (PFC) lebih rendah, emotional-focused coping (EFC) dan avoidance coping lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mengalami distres. Hubungan bermakna juga ditemukan pada faktor usia dan karakteristik tumor spinal berupa gangguan motorik, sensorik, otonom, dan status pengobatan. Gangguan sensorik berisiko lebih tinggi terjadi distres dibandingkan defisit neurologis lain. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan strategi EFC dan avoidance coping sebagai faktor risiko. Perlunya dilakukan skrining dan pendampingan psikiatri pada pasien tumor metastasis spinal, serta peningkatan kerja sama psikiatri dengan layanan tumor terpadu. ......Spinal is the most site of tumor metastases, causing neurological deficits due to spinal nerve compression, potentially causing distress resulting in low quality of life. Vulnerability to distress is influenced by coping strategies. A cross-sectional study to determine coping strategies and factors related to stress in patients with spinal metastatic tumors in RSCM. A total of 104 subjects were taken from outpatient and inpatient. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes assessed the relationship between problem description, coping strategies, sociodemographic factors, and characteristics of spinal tumors with distress. The proportion of the subject's distress in this study was 57.7%, the most problems were spinal tumor-specific (87.5%), but the relationship was not significant to distress. Significant relationships were found in family problems and emotional problems. Religious-focused coping strategies are most often used. Subjects who experienced distress had a lower median total score of problem-focused coping (PFC), emotional-focused coping (EFC) and higher avoidance coping than those who did not experience distress. A significant relationship was also found in the age factor and spinal tumor characteristics in the form of motor, sensory, autonomic disorders, and treatment status. Sensory disturbances are at a higher risk of developing distress than other neurologic deficits. Multivariate analysis showed EFC strategy and avoidance coping as risk factors. The need for screening and psychiatric assistance in spinal metastatic tumor patients, as well as increasing the cooperation of psychiatry with integrated tumor services