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"Kanker serviks merupakan kanker tersering kedua di dunia pada perempuan, namun merupakan kanker tersering di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia kanker serviks menjadi masalah besar karena kebanyakan pasien datang pada stadium lanjut, padahal stadium mempengaruhi pilihan terapi dan angka harapan hidup pasien. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui jumlah kasus baru, karakteristik, dan korelasi antara stadium dengan usia penderita kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSCM pada tahun 2007. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang pada data pasien kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSCM tahun 2007 dengan uji non-parametrik korelasi Spearman (p<0.05). Hasil: jumlah kasus baru kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSCM tahun 2007 adalah 540 dengan subjek penelitian berusia antara 22-92 tahun, rata-rata usia 48,46 tahun dan simpang deviasi sebesar 9.237. Puncak sebaran usia penderita kanker serviks ada pada rentang 45-54 tahun (39%). Frekuensi tertinggi stadium kanker serviks adalah stadium IIIB. Persentase penderita kanker serviks di bawah 50 tahun pada stadium I adalah 69.5%, stadium II 59.9%, stadium III 51.2%, dan stadium IV 42,9%. Gambaran histopatologi terbanyak adalah karsinoma sel skuamosa (64,4%). Terdapat korelasi positif lemah (r 0.140) yang bermakna (p 0.001) antara stadium dengan usia pada penderita kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSCM tahun 2007. Kesimpulan: semakin lanjut usia semakin tinggi stadium kanker serviks yang terdiagnosis.

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Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer found among woman worldwide, the first in developing countries. In Indonesia, cervical cancer has become major problem since most patients seek medical attention in their late stages; although, best medical treatment and survival rate depend on which stages they are in. Objective: to acknowledge the number of most recent diagnosed cervical cancer’s cases along with their characteristics, and the correlations among it stages and the age of people who have suffered by it particularly in the Department of Pathology and Anatomy in RSCM in the year of 2007. Methods: based on data (2007) from RSCM’s Department of Pathology and Anatomy, this research was conducted by using cross-sectional method with Spearman correlation (p< 0.05). Result: this research indicates that the number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in the RSCM’s Department of Pathology and Anatomy for the year of 2007 has reached 540 new cases among the age of 22-92 years old. The average of women diagnosed with cervical cancer is 48.46 years old (SD 9.237). The highest number of cases was found in women with a group of age of 45-54 tahun (39%). From all the data that were derived, it was found that stage IIIB has the highest frequency. The percentage of patients below 50 years old diagnosed with stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV respectively are 69.5%, 59.9%, 51.2%, and 42.9%. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant one (64.4%). Based on this research, there is a weak positive correlation (r 0.140; p 0.001) between cervical cancer stages and the age of patients. Conclusion: high stages of cervical cancer were found significantly in older women."

"Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSCM pada tahun 2006Metode : Merupakan penelitian cross-sectional. Telah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap 554 penderita kanker serviks yang datang ke Departemen Patologi Anatomi. Namun hanya 465 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah usia, stadium dan gambaran histopatologiHasil : terdapat 465 kasus baru penderita kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi pada tahun 2006 dengan rata-rata usia 49±8,708 tahun. Usia termuda 30 tahun dan usia tertua 78 tahun. Jumlah penderita terbanyak berada pada rentang usia 45-49 tahun yaitu 103 orang. Penderita kanker serviks terbanyak didiagnosis pada stadium IIIB dan gambaran histopatologi terbanyak adalah karsinoma sel skuamosa.Kesimpulan : terdapat korelasi lemah antara usia dengan stadium pada penderita kanker serviks di Departemen Patologi Anatomi RSCM Jakarta tahun 2006

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Purpose : To know the characteristic of cervical cancer patients in Pathology Anatomy Department Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital

Method : Cross-sectional study. 554 cervical cancer patiens was evaluated in Pathology Anatomy Department Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital but only 465 patients who are included in this study. Data which are collected are age, stadium, and histopathology findings

Result : There are 465 new cases of cervical cancer in Pathology Anatomy Department Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in 2006 with mean age 49±8,708 years old. The yougest age is 30 yeras old and the oldest age is 78 years old. The greatest number of the cervical cancer cases are between 45 and 49 yeras old. Stadium IIIB is found very commonly in cervical cancer patients and the most often of histopathology findings are carcinoma cell squamosa

Conclusion : There are weakness correlation of stadium and age in cervical cancer patients in Pathology Anatomy Department Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in 2006"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang :Karsinoma kolorektal (KKR) merupakan salah satu kanker tersering di duniadan menjadi beban kesehatan global. KKR dapat muncul melalui 4 jalur patogenenis yangberbeda, salah satu di antaranya adalah serrated pathway. Pengaktifan jalur ini mengakibatkanperubahan progresif lesi-lesi prekursor seperti polip serrated, termasuk di dalamnya sessileserrated adenoma (SSA) dan tradisional serrated adenoma (TSA), menjadi karsinoma,diantaranya adenokarsinoma serrated (AS). AS diduga memberikan prognosis yang burukterhadap pengobatan. Gambaran histomorfologi adenokarsinoma serrated lebih banyakdidasarkan pada kemiripan dengan lesi prekursor SSA atau TSA, sehingga sulit dikenali.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persentasi AS diantara kasus KKR di Departemen PatologiAnatomik FKUI/RSCM, dan mengetahui gambaran histomorfologi yang bermakna dalammenandakan AS.Bahan dan Metode :Dilakukan review slide dari kasus-kasus KKR yang tercatat di arsipDepartemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM. Penilaian histomorfologi dilakukan berdasarkankriteria yang diajukan oleh Tuppurainen et al, meliputi epithelial serration, sitoplasmaeosinofilik, inti vesikuler, anak inti nyata, nekrosis, produksi musin, dan adanya cell balls. Kasusdikategotikan ke dalam ?Pasti? dan ?Samar? AS, serta ?Klasik?. Dilakukan juga penilaian faktorprognostik, berupa invasi limfovaskular, invasi perineural, infiltrasi limfosit, dan tumor budding.Hasil :Didapatkan 41 kasus (35%) tergolong kategori ?Pasti? AS, 11 kasus (9.4%) tergolong?Samar? AS, dan sisanya sebanyak 65 kasus (55.6%) tergolong kategori adenokarsinoma?Klasik?. Didapatkan pula bahwa kriteria histomorfologi yang dapat dijadikan penanda serratedadalah epithelial serration (p=0.029), anak inti nyata (p=0.041), dan nekrosis <10% (p=0.014).Selain itu, didapatkan pula bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan morfologi serratedadalah yaitu lokasi tumor (p=0.010), infiltrasi limfosit (p=0.000), dan tumor budding (p=0.012).Kesimpulan :Adenokarsinoma serrated ditemukan 35% dari kasus-kasus adenokarsinoma kolondi Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM. Gambaran histomorfologi yang menandakanadenokarsinoma serrated adalah adanya epithelial serration, anak inti nyata, dan nekrosis yangsedikit.Kata Kunci :Adenokarsinoma serrated, serrated pathway, histomorfologi, karsinomakolorektal.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world andbecome a global health burden nowadays. CRC may arise through 4 different pathways, one ofwhich is serrated pathway. Activation of this pathway results in progressive changes of precursorlesions such as sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA), intocarcinoma. One type of carcinomais serrated adenocarcinoma (SA), in which known to give apoor prognosis to patient. Histomorphology overview shows that SA has similarity with SSA orTSA, making it difficult to recognize. This study aims to determine the percentage of the SAamong cases of CRC in Department of Anatomical Pathology Faculty of Medicine UniversitasIndonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, and to know histomorphological features that aremeaningful in indicating SA.Materials and Methods: CRC cases were collected from archive, and review slide wasconducted using morphological criteria proposed by Tuppurainen et al. This criteria includesepithelial serration, eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleolei, necrosis,mucin production, and cell balls. Case were categorized into the "Definite" and "Pausy" SA, aswell as the "Classic". Assessment of prognostic factors, such as limfovascular invasion,perineural invasion, infiltration of lymphocytes and tumor budding, were also conducted.Results: There were 41 cases (35%) belong to the category of "Definite" SA, 11 cases (9.4%)classified as "Pausy? SA, and 65 cases (55.6%) belong to the category of "Classic"adenocarcinoma. Histomorphological analysis found that criteria showing significancy to SAwere epithelial serration (p = 0.029), prominent nucleolei (p = 0.041), and necrosis <10% (p =0.014). Several factors showed relation to serrated morphology were location of the tumor (p =0.010), infiltration of lymphocytes (p = 0.000), and tumor budding (p = 0.012).Conclusion: Serrated adenocarcinoma were found approximately 35% among cases of colorectaladenocarcinoma in the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital. Histomorpoholigical features that indicates SA includesepithelial serration, prominent nucleolei, and scanty necrosis.Keywords: Serrated adenocarcinoma, serrated pathway, histomorphological features, colorectalcarcinoma"

"Cryotherapy Oral telah terbukti secara ilmiah sebagai terapi non farmakologi untuk menurunkan angka kejadian mukositis oral. Dengan menurunnya angka kejadian mukositis oral, maka dapat dipastikan kenyamanan dan kualitas hidup pasien bertambah, lama dan biaya rawat menurun, sehingga kualitas hidup maksimal. Ketika pasien merasa nyaman, maka pasien akan kooperatif dalam menjalani tindakan kemoterapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah dengan pemberian ice cubes Normal Saline 0,9 % berpengaruh terhadap penurunan mukositis oral pada pasien KNF yang menjalani kemoterapi Fluorouracil (5FU). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen. Sebanyak 94 pasien KNF yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok intervensi yang diberikan cryotherapy oral Normal Saline 0,9% mengalami grade mukositis lebih rendah (p=0,001). Faktor confounding yang meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, oral hygiene dan riwayat merokok tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian mukositis oral dengan nilai (p >0,05). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat acuan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat serta mendorong untuk meningkatkan tindakan keperawatan mandiri yang profesional.

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Oral cryotherapy has been scientifically proven as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce the incidence of oral mucositis. With the decline in the incidence of oral mucositis, patient’s comfort improved, the length of stay and cost of care decreases, and maximum quality of life is achieved. The aim of this study is to see whether the administration of ice cubes Normal Saline 0,9% affects the decrease in oral mucositis in Nasopharingeal Cancer (NPC) patients undergoing Fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy. This study used quasi experiment method. A total of 94 NPC patients were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. The result showed that the intervention group given oral cryotherapy Normal Saline 0,9% had a  lower mucositis grade (p=0,001). Confounding factors which included age, sex, oral hygiene and smoking history were not associated with the incidence of oral mucositis with a value (p>0,05). This research is expected to increase nurses’ knowledge and also encourage nurse to improve independent nursing professional care plan."

"This reference provides the most comprehensive, updated information on diseases of the breast. Intended primarily for pathologists, the book will be an indispensable reference for all surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, as well as other physicians and medical personnel who require a thorough knowledge of breast pathology to provide optimal care for their patients."

"This is the first book to be devoted exclusively to rare tumors in children and adolescents, and its aim is to provide up-to-date information on their diagnosis and clinical management. The opening section addresses general issues including epidemiology, risk factors/etiology, biology and genetics, early detection, and screening. It also discusses solutions to assist in the management of rare tumors, such as international networking and internet platforms. In the second section, specific malignancies are described, with practical guidance on diagnostic workup, multimodal therapy, follow-up, and adverse effects. Discussion of differential diagnosis encompasses both frequent and rare tumor types, which should enable the clinician to take rare entities into account during the diagnostic assessment. Each chapter goes on to provide detailed therapeutic guidelines for specific rare tumors. The authors are a multidisciplinary group of specialists who have dedicated themselves to this group of tumors."