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"Nyeri bersifat subjektif dan tidak bisa disamaratakan antara individu yang satu dengan yang lain. Begitu juga dengan persepsii orang tua mengenai nyeri kanker pada anak. Rasa tidaknya mau yang dirasakan oleh anak penderita kanker dapat menimbulkan persepsi yang berbeda-beda pada masing-masing orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi orangtua tentang nyeri kanker pada anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 26 orang tua yang memiliki anak penderita kanker dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan domain analitik asosiasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil uji Fisher's exact menghasilkan bahwa dari keempat faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi, yaitu perhatian selektif, pengalaman masa lalu, ciri stimulus dan kebutuhan individu, hanya faktor stimulus yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna (p=0,026, a=0,05).

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Pain is subjective. It cannot be generalized individually, so also the parents perception about the cancer pain in children. The uncomfortable feeling felt by children with cancer can cause various perceptions from their parents. This study aims to identify the factors that affect parents’ perceptions about cancer pain in children. The Research was conducted on 26 parents who have children with cancer using consecutive sampling as the sampling method This study was using analytical design associations with cross-sectional approach. Based on Fisheris exact test result, there were four factors that affect parents’ perceptions, i.e. selective attention, past experience, stimulus characteristics and individual needs. The stimulus factor is the only factor that has significant association (p = 0,026, a = 0.05) with parents 'perceptions on cancer pain in children."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Interpretasi cairan peritoneum yang tepat secara sitopatologi sangatmempengaruhi tatalaksana dan prognosis pasien, padahal pemeriksaan sitopatologi cairanperitoneum masih memiliki nilai negatif palsu dan positif palsu yang cukup tinggi, danhingga saat ini penelitian tentang arsitektur sitopatologi maupun penanda sitomorfologi yangmengarahkan pada adanya sel neoplasma di cairan peritoneum masih menunjukkan hasilyang beragam.Bahan dan cara kerja: Penelitian potong lintang dengan data sekunder berupa slaiddan formulir sediaan sitopatologi cairan peritoneum yang memiliki data berpasangan dengandiagnosis histopatologi. Diagnosis klinis berupa neoplasma epitelial ovarium. Slaid danformulir diambil dari arsip Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM tahun 2011 ? 2012,dilakukan pembacaan ulang semua slaid sitopatologi dengan diagnosis akhir dikategorikansebagai positif atau negatif, peneliti membaca pula sediaan histopatologi untuk mengetahuimorfologi sel pada lesi, kemudiaan dilakukan penilaian terhadap arsitektur sitopatologiberupa: selularitas, sel berkelompok, struktur papiler, intercelular windows, group contours,jisim psamoma, dan penanda sitomorfologi berupa: atipia inti, inti bertumpuk, anak inti,rasio inti:sitoplasma, ukuran inti, dan ukuran sel.Hasil penelitian: Sampel penelitian sejumlah 47 sediaan sitopatologi dengandiagnosis sitopatologi akhir 34 kasus (72.3%) negatif, 13 kasus (27.7%) positif. Terdapatperbedaan bermakna arsitektur sitopatologi berupa: selularitas (p = 0.017), sel berkelompok(p = 0.001), intercellular windows (p = 0.00), group contours (p = 0.00), dan gambaransitomorfologi berupa: atipia inti (p = 0.00), inti bertumpuk (p = 0.001), anak inti (p = 0.001),rasio inti:sitoplasma (p = 0.00), ukuran inti (p = 0.00), ukuran sel (p = 0.00) antara cairanperitoneum positif dan negatif. Melalui uji multivariat didapatkan penanda yang palingberpengaruh terhadap diagnosis sitopatologi positif atau negatif yaitu: intercellular windows,atipia inti, dan selularitas.Kesimpulan: Terdapat tiga penanda yang paling berpengaruh terhadap diagnosispositif ditemukannya sel neoplasma ganas dalam cairan peritoneum pada kasus dengan lesiovarium, secara berturut - turut yaitu: tidak ditemukannya intercellular windows padakelompokan sel, sel memiliki atipia inti sedang hingga berat, dan selularitas lebih dari 20kelompok dari keseluruhan sediaan apus.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Peritoneal fluid cytopathology interpretation profoundly influences patientsmanagement and prognosis, however this practice still has high false positive and falsenegative value, and until now research concerning the architectural and cytomorphologyfeatures for detecting malignant cells in peritoneal fluid still has various result.Materials and Methods : Cross sectional study using secondary data of peritoneal fluidcytopathology and histopathology slides and form, from patients with clinical diagnosis ofovarian epithelial neoplasm. The data was taken from the archive of Anatomical PathologyDepartment Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital 2011 ? 2012. The researchers examined thecytopathology slides and also examined the histopatology slide for morphology comparison,and then make a final cytopathological diagnosis of positive peritoneal fluid containingneoplastic cells or negative. Architectural features including: cellularity, cells grouping,papillary structure, intercellular windows, group contours, psamoma bodies, andcytomorphology features including: nuclear atypia, overlapping nuclei, nucleoli, nuclei :cytoplasm ratio, the dimension of the nuclei and cells were also examined.Result : There were 47 samples with final cytopathology diagnosis: 34 cases (72.3%)negative for neoplastic cells in the peritoneal fluid and 13 cases (27.7%) positive. There weresignificant differences in cytopathology architectural including cellularity (p = 0.017), cellsgrouping (p = 0.001), intercellular windows (p = 0.00), group contours (p = 0.00) andcytomorphology features including nuclear atypia (p = 0.00), overlapping nuclei (p = 0.001),nucleoli (p =0.001), nuclei : cytoplasm ratio (p = 0.00), the dimension of nuclei (p = 0.00),the dimension of cell (p = 0.00) between the positive and negative peritoneal fluidcytopathology. Using multivariate analysis there were 3 cytological features that have thestrongest association with positive or negative peritoneal cytopathology diagnosis, they were:intercellular windows, nuclear atypia, and cellularity.Conclusion: In peritoneal fluid cytopathology for examining ovarian lesion there were 3cytological features that have the strongest association with finding neoplastic cells inperitoneal fluid, they were: the absent of intercellular windows, moderate to severecytological atypia, and cellularity more than 20 groups in all smear preparation, Background : Peritoneal fluid cytopathology interpretation profoundly influences patientsmanagement and prognosis, however this practice still has high false positive and falsenegative value, and until now research concerning the architectural and cytomorphologyfeatures for detecting malignant cells in peritoneal fluid still has various result.Materials and Methods : Cross sectional study using secondary data of peritoneal fluidcytopathology and histopathology slides and form, from patients with clinical diagnosis ofovarian epithelial neoplasm. The data was taken from the archive of Anatomical PathologyDepartment Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital 2011 – 2012. The researchers examined thecytopathology slides and also examined the histopatology slide for morphology comparison,and then make a final cytopathological diagnosis of positive peritoneal fluid containingneoplastic cells or negative. Architectural features including: cellularity, cells grouping,papillary structure, intercellular windows, group contours, psamoma bodies, andcytomorphology features including: nuclear atypia, overlapping nuclei, nucleoli, nuclei :cytoplasm ratio, the dimension of the nuclei and cells were also examined.Result : There were 47 samples with final cytopathology diagnosis: 34 cases (72.3%)negative for neoplastic cells in the peritoneal fluid and 13 cases (27.7%) positive. There weresignificant differences in cytopathology architectural including cellularity (p = 0.017), cellsgrouping (p = 0.001), intercellular windows (p = 0.00), group contours (p = 0.00) andcytomorphology features including nuclear atypia (p = 0.00), overlapping nuclei (p = 0.001),nucleoli (p =0.001), nuclei : cytoplasm ratio (p = 0.00), the dimension of nuclei (p = 0.00),the dimension of cell (p = 0.00) between the positive and negative peritoneal fluidcytopathology. Using multivariate analysis there were 3 cytological features that have thestrongest association with positive or negative peritoneal cytopathology diagnosis, they were:intercellular windows, nuclear atypia, and cellularity.Conclusion: In peritoneal fluid cytopathology for examining ovarian lesion there were 3cytological features that have the strongest association with finding neoplastic cells inperitoneal fluid, they were: the absent of intercellular windows, moderate to severecytological atypia, and cellularity more than 20 groups in all smear preparation]"

"Kanker payudara masih menjadi jenis kanker yang paling umum terjadi di dunia. Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit kompleks yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Pemeriksaan histopatologi dapat memberikan informasi penting mengenai fenotipe, yaitu karakteristik fisik atau morfologi dari jaringan yang diperiksa. Pemeriksaan genotipe juga dapat dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi varian gen pada mutasi gen tertentu, yang dapat memberikan informasi tentang faktor risiko genetik seseorang terhadap penyakit tertentu dan respons terhadap terapi target yang ditujukan pada mutasi gen tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi gen penetrasi non-BRCA dan hubungan antara genotipe-fenotipe pada pasien kanker payudara. Pada penelitian ini, pemeriksaan genotipe dilakukan menggunakan metode targeted sequencing. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 18 gen kerentanan dengan varian pathogenic dan likely-pathogenic (P/LP). Kelompok varian gen dibandingkan dengan fenotipe pasien yaitu diantaranya adalah usia, riwayat kanker payudara pada keluarga, status metastasis, subtipe molekuler, dan grade. Kesimpulannya, ditemukan mutasi gen penetrasi non-BRCA diantaranya SMAD4 H427Lfs*9, ATM H1951Pfs*39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, dan MET K842Sfs*7, mutasi gen penetrasi SMAD4 H427Lfs*9 berhubungan dengan subtipe molekuler luminal B, mutasi gen penetrasi ATM H1951Pfs*39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, dan MET K842Sfs*7 berhubungan dengan subtipe molekuler TNBC. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan homology modelling protein PTEN mutan terhadap protein PTEN wild type dan kaitannya dengan respons terapi target GSK2636771 dan AZD8186.

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Breast cancer is still the most common type of cancer in the world. Breast cancer is a complex disease caused by various factors. Histopathological examination can provide important information regarding the phenotype, namely the physical or morphological characteristics of the tissue being examined. Genotyping tests can also be performed to identify gene variants in certain gene mutations, which can provide information about a person's risk of genetic factors for certain diseases and response to targeted therapy aimed at certain gene mutations. This study aims to identify non-BRCA penetrance gene mutations and the relationship between genotypes in breast cancer patients. In this study, genotype examination was carried out using the targeted sequencing method. In this study, 18 susceptibility genes with pathogenic and likely-pathogenic (P/LP) variants were found. Gene variant groups were compared with the patient's phenotype, including age, family history of breast cancer, metastatic status, molecular subtype, and grade. In conclusion, non-BRCA penetrance gene mutations were found, including SMAD4 H427Lfs*9, ATM H1951Pfs*39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, and MET K842Sfs*7. SMAD4 H427Lfs*9 penetrance gene mutation is associated with luminal molecular subtype B, ATM H1951Pfs penetrance gene mutation *39, PTEN Q219Rfs*2, and MET K842Sfs*7 are associated with TNBC molecular subtypes. In this study, homology modeling was also performed on wild type PTEN protein with mutant PTEN protein and its relation to the response to targeted therapy of GSK2636771 and AZD8186."

"Significantly expanded, expertly and beautifully illustrated, The AJCC cancer staging atlas, 2nd edition, offers more than 600 illustrations created exclusively for this new edition and is fully updated to reflect the concepts discussed in the 7th edition of both the AJCC cancer staging manual and its companion Handbook. This atlas illustrates the TNM classifications of all cancer sites and types included in the 7th edition of the Manual and visually conceptualizes the TNM classifications and stage groupings. Specifically designed for simplicity and precision, the drawings have been verified through multi-disciplinary review to ensure accuracy and relevancy for clinical use. Every illustration provides detailed anatomic depictions to clarify critical structures and to allow the reader to instantly visualize the progressive extent of malignant disease. In addition, nodal maps are included for each site, appropriate labeling has been incorporated to identify significant anatomic structures, and each illustration is accompanied by an explanatory legend. "

"ABSTRAKPemberian kemoterapi semakin meningkat sehingga perawat dituntut untuk memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam pemberian kemoterapi karena hal tersebut sangat bersiko tinggi baik bagi perawat tersebut maupun lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain univariat deskriptif kuantitatif, sampel diambil di salah satu rumah sakit di Jakarta dengan memberikan kuisioner kepada perawat di ruang perawatan dewasa dengan total perawat sebanyak 103 orang tetapi yang bersedia menjadi responden sebanyak 90 responden. Tingkat pengetahuan tentang kemoterapi rendah terdapat pada usia 20 ? 25 tahun sebanyak 23 responden (59%) juga pada responden dengan lama kerja lebih dari 10 tahun sebanyak 17 responden (50%) hal tersebut disebabkan karena sebagian besar perawat tidak pernah mendapatkan informasi maupun mengikuti pelatihan tentang kemoterapi. Pentingnya bagi perawat meningkatkan pengetahuannya terutama tentang kemoterapi karena selain dapat meminimalkan resiko akibat selama tindakan penanganan kemoterapi.

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ABSTRAKAdministration chemotherapy treatments has a drastic increase, so that the need for nursing staff?s ability and knowledge in the field of chemotherapy administration because it is high risk not only for the nurse who the administer of chemotherapy but also for the environment. A study recently conducted in a Jakarta hospital which included a questionnaire for 103 nursing staff, to which 90 persons responded, showed that 23 nurses (59 %) with age 20 ? 25 years old and 17 nurses (50%) more than 10 years of practical work experience had very little knowledge about chemotherapy treatment and its dangers. One cause of this could be the lack of ongoing training measures within that hospital, giving rise to potential health hazards associated with chemotherapy to the practicing nurses."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology FNAC adalah teknik yang cepat, murah, dengan komplikasi yang minimal untuk mendiagnosis tumor tulang. FNAC memiliki kapasitas untuk membedakan lesi jinak dan ganas. Namun FNAC memiliki keterbatasan di sisi teknik dan cara interpretasi.Tujuan : mengevaluasi akurasi FNAC sebagai salah satu prosedur preoperasi diagnosis tumor tulang. Metode : Sampel diambil dari arsip rekam medis pasien curiga tumor tulang yang diperiksa dengan FNAC dan histopatologi di Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI/RSCM dari tahun 2011 sampai 2014. Uji diagnostik dilakukan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, PPV, NPV, dan akurasi dari FNAC. Hasil : Terdapat 78 pasien kasus curiga tumor tulang yang diperiksa dengan FNAC dan Histopatologi di Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI/RSCM pada tahun 2011 ndash; 2014. Empat puluh sembilan kasus dilaporkan tumor tulang ganas dengan 5 kasus diskrepansi subtipe ganas dan 20 kasus tumor tulang jinak dengan 1 kasus diskrepansi subtype jinak. Selain itu, terdapat 8 kasus negatif semu dan 1 kasus positif semu. Secara keseluruhan, hasil yang didapatkan adalah sensitivitas 86 , spesifisitas 95.2 , PPV 98 , NPV 71.4 , dan akurasi sebesar 88.5 .Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa FNAC memiliki kualitas yang baik untuk mendiagnosis tumor tulang, dibuktikan dengan tingginya angka sensitivitas dan spesifisitas 86 dan 95.2 .

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ABSTRACTBackground Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology FNAC is a rapid, inexpensive, minimum invasive technique with less complication in diagnosing bone neoplasm. FNAC is able to differentiate between neoplasm and non neoplasm cases. However, there are limitations of FNAC technique and interpretation.Aim to evaluate the accuracy of FNAC as one of diagnostic approach in preoperative or diagnosing bone neoplasm.Method Samples were obtained from archives of medical records data of patients who clinically suspected of bone neoplasm and undergo FNAC Histopathology in Anatomical Pathology Department FKUI RSCM from 2011 to 2014. The diagnostic test will be conducted in order to obtain the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of FNAC.Results There are 78 patients of bone neoplasm were undergo Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histopathology examination from the archives Anatomical Pathology Department in 2011 to 2014. Forty nine cases were reported as malignant bone neoplasm with 5 discrepancy type and 20 cases were benign with 1 discrepancy type. Furthermore, there were 8 false negative cases, and 1 false positive case. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value PPV , negative predictive value NPV , accuracy were 86 . 95.2 . 98 , 71.4 , and 88.5 respectively.Conclusions FNAC shows a good quality as one of diagnostic approach in bone neoplasm as can be seen in a high sensitivity and specificity 86 and 95.2 in this study. "