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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Dermatofitosis khususnya tinea korporis dan/atau kruris termasuk kasus penyakit kulit yang sering dijumpai dokter umum (dokter) dalam praktek sehari-hari.. Meskipun demikian, hasil penelitian di luar negeri menunjukkan dokter masih sering melakukan kesalahan dalam menegakkan diagnosis kasus dermatofitosis. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan diagnosis kasus dermatofitosis umumnya ditegakkan hanya berdasarkan gambaran klinis dan pemeriksaan KOH belum secara rutin digunakan untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat ketepatan diagnosis klinis dokter pada kasus tinea korporis dan/atau kruris dengan cara membandingkannya dengan diagnosis yang didasarkan pada hasil pemeriksaan KOH. Sebanyak 101 subyek penelitian dirujuk oleh 5 orang dokter yang bertugas di puskesmas dan rumah sakit di Kabupaten Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai sensitivitas diagnosis klinis dokter sebesar 77,1%, spesifisitas 54,5%, nilai duga positif 47,4%, dan nilai duga negatif 81,8%. Hal tersebut menujukkan bahwa gambaran klinis tidak cukup baik untuk digunakan sebagai dasar menegakkan diagnosis tinea korporis dan atau kruris, dan pemeriksaan KOH perlu dilakukan untuk membantu menegakkan kasus yang dicurigai dermatofitosis.

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ABSTRACT
Dermatophytosis, specifically tinea corporis and cruris are cases commonly encountered by general practitioners (GP). However, studies in foreign countries showed that dermatophytosis are still among the cases that often misdiagnosed by GP. It was found that in treating dermatophytosis cases, diagnosis by GP most only based on clinical feature, and KOH preparation is often passed over for diagnosis confirmation. This condition can cause dermatophytosis cases misdiagnosed. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of clinical diagnosis by GP in tinea corporis and cruris cases, compared with diagnosis confirmed by KOH preparation. One hundred and one patient were referred by GP in Barito Utara Regency, Central Borneo. The result of the study showed the sensitivity of clinical diagnosis by GP was 77,1%, its specificity 54,5%, positive predictive value 47,4%, and negative predictive value 81,8%. It can be concluded that diagnosing dermatophytosis based only on clinical signs and symptoms is doubtful, and KOH preparation should be done to confirm the diagnosis.

Abstrak :
Penyakit jamur paru (mikosis) adalah gangguan paru yang disebabkan infeksi atau kolonisasi jamur atau reaksi hipersensitif terhadap jamur. Selama ini permasalahan jamur paru masih terabaikan sehingga data mengenai infeksi jamur paru sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil jamur yang diisolasi dari saluran pernapasan pasien tersangka mikosis paru sehingga dapat dilakukan penatalaksanaan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Data diambil dari hasil pemeriksaan mikologi Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI RSCM dari Januari 2010 hingga Januari 2011. Hasil yang didapatkan dari 60 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sampel paling banyak adalah laki-laki pada 63,3%, dengan rentang umur terbanyak berkisar antara 30-39 tahun sebesar 30%. Rumah sakit pengirim terbanyak berasal dari Rumah Sakit Persahabatan sebesar 48.3%.Bahan klinis yang paling banyak diperiksa adalah sputum langsung sebesar 78,3%. Hasil pemeriksaan sputum langsung mendapatkan hasil positif terdapat elemen jamur sebesar 63,3% dan pemeriksaan biakan pada 60 pasien yang sama mendapatkan hasil positif lebih tinggi, sebesar 81,7%, yang menunjukkan angka prevalensi keberadaan jamur di paru atau saluran napas pasien tersangka mikosis paru. Spesies terbanyak adalah Candida albicans berjumlah 40,8%,diikuti oleh Candida spp. pada sebesar 32,6%, dan Aspergillus spp. sebesar 6,1%. Disimpulkan bahwa kasus yang dicurigai mikosis paru terbanyak pada pasien dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dan pada rentang usia 30-39 tahun. Kasus terbanyak dari RSP. Bahan klinis yang paling banyak diperiksa adalah sputum langsung. Prevalensi keberadaan jamur di paru atau saluran napas pasien tersangka mikosis paru sebesar 81,7%. Spesies terbanyak yang ditemukan berdasarkan hasil biakan yaitu Candida albicans.

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Lung mycoses is lung disease which caused by fungal infection or colonization or hypersensitivity reaction to fungi. So far, the problem of pulmonary mycosis is still neglected thus data regarding this diseases is limited. Aim. To know the fungal profile that was isolated from respiratory tract of patients suspected of pulmonary mycosis thus better treatment can be achieved. This research use the cross sectional design. Data is taken from Parasitology Lab FMUI-RSCM examination from January 2010- January 2011. The result obtained from 60 samples that met the inclusion criteria, the samples mostly come frome men, 63,3%; the age group mostly affected is the 30-39 years group, 30%; most of the samples came from Persahabatan Hospital, 48,3%; the type of clinical samples mostly examined is direct sputum examination, 78,3%. Direct microscopic examination for sputum smear was positive in 63,3% samples, and culture yield 81,7% positive result from the same 60 patients, showing the prevalence of fungal existence in lung or respiratory tract of patients suspected with pulmonary mycosis. The species mostly encountered is Candida albicans, 40,8%, followed by Candida spp 32,6%, and Aspergillus spp, 6,1%. Patients suspected with pulmonary mycosis are mostly men, with age range around 30-39 years old. Most cases were sent from Persahabatan Hospital. The clinical samples that is mostly being examined is direct sputum examination. The prevalence of fungi in lung or respiratory tract of patients suspected with pulmonary mycosis is 81.7%. The species mostly found is Candida albicans.

Abstrak :
Aspergilosis invasif AI merupakan infeksi jamur invasif disebabkan Aspergillus spp sedangkan aspergilosis paru invasif API merupakan manifestasi AI yang sering ditemukan Gejala klinis laboratorium rutin dan radiologis tidak khas sehingga sering terjadi keterlambatan diagnosis dan tatalaksana Pemeriksaan biopsi tidak selalu dapat dilakukan dan berisiko tinggi sedangkan pemeriksaan biakan memiliki keterbatasan sensitivitas dan waktu Deteksi antigen galaktomanan GM merupakan uji penapis AI yang dinilai baik tetapi di Indonesia kit GM tidak rutin tersedia dan mahal sehingga perlu dicari uji diagnostik alternatif antara lain menggunakan deteksi antibodi anti Aspergillus yang sederhana mudah murah dan terjamin ketersediaannya Tujuan penelitian ini membandingkan hasil pemeriksaan deteksi antibodi anti Aspergillus metode immunodiffusion test IDT menggunakan crude antigen Aspergillus dengan deteksi antigen GM serta mengetahui nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitasnya Penelitian berdisain potong lintang ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian multisenter sebelumnya mengenai insidens API pada 405 pasien ICU di 6 rumah sakit di Jakarta Selanjutnya ditentukan 125 pasien non neutropenia diduga AI yang bahan klinisnya menjalani pemeriksaan uji diagnostik di atas Biakan Aspergillus sp tumbuh pada bahan klinis ekskreta paru yang dimiliki 26 dari 125 pasien tersebut 20 8 Diagnosis AI putative ditegakkan pada 26 pasien 6 2 dari 405 pasien keseluruhan Dari 125 pasien yang diperiksa uji GM positif ditemukan pada 62 pasien 48 6 sedangkan uji IDT positif pada 74 pasien 59 2 Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara hasil uji GM dan uji IDT tetapi nilai kesetaraannya sangat lemah nilai kappa 0 169 Uji IDT menggunakan crude antigen Aspergillus mempunyai sensitivitas 67 7 dan spesifisitas 49 1 ......Invasive aspergillosis IA is an invasive fungal infections caused by Aspergillus spp while invasive pulmonary aspergillosis IPA is the most common manifestation of IA Clinical symptoms routine laboratory and radiological features are not typical and could lead to diagnosis and treatment delayed Biopsy is high risk and not always possible to be performed whereas culture examination has limited sensitivity and time consumed Galactomannan GM antigen detection is good for IA screening but the kit is expensive and not routinely available in Indonesia It is necessary to find an alternative tests such as detection of anti Aspergillus antibody which is simple inexpensive and more available This study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of immunodiffusion test IDT for detecting anti Aspergillus antibody using crude antigen compare to GM antigen detection on diagnosis of IA This cross sectional study is part of previous multicenter study on incidence of IA in ICU patients at six hospitals in Jakarta 405 patients Then clinical materials of 125 non neutropenic patients suspected IA were determined to undergo both clinical diagnostic tests Aspergillus sp were isolated from clinical materials of lung excreta from 26 out of 125 patients 20 8 Putative IA was diagnosed in 26 patients 6 2 out of 405 patients From 125 patients examined GM positive test was found in 62 patients 48 6 while IDT test positive in 74 patients 59 2 Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the results of IDT test compared to GM but the equality value is very weak kappa 0 169 IDT test using crude Aspergillus antigen has a sensitivity of 67 7 and specificity of 49 1 ; Invasive aspergillosis IA is an invasive fungal infections caused by Aspergillus spp while invasive pulmonary aspergillosis IPA is the most common manifestation of IA Clinical symptoms routine laboratory and radiological features are not typical and could lead to diagnosis and treatment delayed Biopsy is high risk and not always possible to be performed whereas culture examination has limited sensitivity and time consumed Galactomannan GM antigen detection is good for IA screening but the kit is expensive and not routinely available in Indonesia It is necessary to find an alternative tests such as detection of anti Aspergillus antibody which is simple inexpensive and more available This study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of immunodiffusion test IDT for detecting anti Aspergillus antibody using crude antigen compare to GM antigen detection on diagnosis of IA This cross sectional study is part of previous multicenter study on incidence of IA in ICU patients at six hospitals in Jakarta 405 patients Then clinical materials of 125 non neutropenic patients suspected IA were determined to undergo both clinical diagnostic tests Aspergillus sp were isolated from clinical materials of lung excreta from 26 out of 125 patients 20 8 Putative IA was diagnosed in 26 patients 6 2 out of 405 patients From 125 patients examined GM positive test was found in 62 patients 48 6 while IDT test positive in 74 patients 59 2 Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the results of IDT test compared to GM but the equality value is very weak kappa 0 169 IDT test using crude Aspergillus antigen has a sensitivity of 67 7 and specificity of 49 1 ; Invasive aspergillosis IA is an invasive fungal infections caused by Aspergillus spp while invasive pulmonary aspergillosis IPA is the most common manifestation of IA Clinical symptoms routine laboratory and radiological features are not typical and could lead to diagnosis and treatment delayed Biopsy is high risk and not always possible to be performed whereas culture examination has limited sensitivity and time consumed Galactomannan GM antigen detection is good for IA screening but the kit is expensive and not routinely available in Indonesia It is necessary to find an alternative tests such as detection of anti Aspergillus antibody which is simple inexpensive and more available This study aims to determine the sensitivity and specificity of immunodiffusion test IDT for detecting anti Aspergillus antibody using crude antigen compare to GM antigen detection on diagnosis of IA This cross sectional study is part of previous multicenter study on incidence of IA in ICU patients at six hospitals in Jakarta 405 patients Then clinical materials of 125 non neutropenic patients suspected IA were determined to undergo both clinical diagnostic tests Aspergillus sp were isolated from clinical materials of lung excreta from 26 out of 125 patients 20 8 Putative IA was diagnosed in 26 patients 6 2 out of 405 patients From 125 patients examined GM positive test was found in 62 patients 48 6 while IDT test positive in 74 patients 59 2 Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the results of IDT test compared to GM but the equality value is very weak kappa 0 169 IDT test using crude Aspergillus antigen has a sensitivity of 67 7 and specificity of 49 1

Abstrak :
Background: Infection has been identified as a major cause of death and also morbidity in SLE patients. Studies in SLE patients have shown several risk factors that contribute to fungal infections or infections in general, including the risk of certain pharmacological treatments such as corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents, as well as the effects of intrinsic factors such as CD4 + counts. Methods: A total of 20 medical records of SLE patients with fungal infections were obtained, and a case control study was carried out with age and gender suitable for a control group of 20 patients. Data obtained from the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. The confirmation diagnosis of SLE was based on the 2012 ACR criteria. Patients with comorbidities of various chronic diseases (diabetes, HIV, CKD) were excluded. In identifying risk factors, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used. Results: The maximum corticosteroid dose of 24 (4-250) mg over the past 1 year was statistically significant with the development of fungal infections (P = 0.047). Lower ALC (748 (99-3312)) compared to the control group (1635 (259-2743)) was also significantly correlated with the occurrence of fungal infections in patients diagnosed with SLE. Conclusion: Identifying predisposing factors in SLE patients is important to prevent the occurrence of serious fungal infections which are one of the main causes of death in SLE patients.

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Latar Belakang: Infeksi telah diketahui sebagai penyebab utama kematian dan juga morbiditas pada pasien SLE. Studi pada pasien SLE telah menunjukkan beberapa faktor risiko yang berkontribusi terhadap infeksi jamur atau infeksi secara umum, termasuk risiko pengobatan farmakologis tertentu seperti kortikosteroid dan agen sitotoksik, serta efek faktor intrinsik seperti jumlah CD4 +. Metode: Total 20 catatan medis pasien SLE dengan infeksi jamur diperoleh, dan studi kasus kontrol dilakukan dengan usia dan jenis kelamin yang cocok untuk kelompok kontrol yang terdiri dari 20 pasien. Data diperoleh dari Rumah Sakit Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo. Diagnosis konfirmasi SLE didasarkan pada kriteria ACR 2012. Pasien dengan komorbiditas berbagai penyakit kronis (diabetes, HIV, CKD) dikeluarkan. Dalam mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko, Chi-square dan Mann-Whitney U-test digunakan. Hasil: Dosis kortikosteroid maksimum 24 (4 - 250) mg selama 1 tahun terakhir bermakna secara statistik dengan perkembangan infeksi jamur (P = 0,047). ALC yang lebih rendah (748 (99-3312)) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1635 (259-2743)) juga secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan terjadinya infeksi jamur pada pasien yang didiagnosis dengan SLE. Kesimpulan: Mengidentifikasi faktor predisposisi pada pasien SLE penting untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi jamur serius yang merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada pasien SLE.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan. Mikosis paru adalah gangguan paru yang disebabkan infeksi atau kolonisasi jamur atau reaksi hipersensitif terhadap jamur. Kecenderungan mikosis paru di masyarakat cenderung meningkat tetapi diagnosis sulit ditegakkan. Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik klinis dan laboratorium mikologi pasien tersangka mikosis paru.

Metode. Penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional. Data diambil dari hasil pemeriksaan mikologi Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI/RSCM dan rekam medis pasien di RS Persahabatan dari Januari 2010 hingga Januari 2011.

Hasil. Dari 49 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sampel dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 73,5%. Kasus terbanyak pada rentang usia 51 hingga 60 tahun sebesar 26,5%. Bahan klinis yang paling banyak diperiksa adalah bilasan bronkus sebesar 55,1%. Gejala klinis yang banyak dikeluhkan yaitu batuk berulang sebesar 67,3%. Gambaran radiologi terbanyak yaitu gambaran massa sebesar 12,2%. Pada pemeriksaan langsung menunjukkan elemen jamur sebanyak 32,7% dan dari pemeriksaan biakan didapatkan hasil positif sebesar 46,9%. Prevalensi keberadaan jamur di paru atau saluran napas pasien tersangka mikosis paru di RS Persahabatan adalah 46,9%. Pada pemeriksaan spesies jamur didapatkan spesies terbanyak yaitu Candida albicans sebesar 69,6%.

Kesimpulan. Kasus yang dicurigai mikosis paru terbanyak pada pasien dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dan pada rentang usia 51-60 tahun. Bahan klinis yang paling banyak diperiksa adalah bilasan bronkus. Gejala klinis paling banyak dikeluhkan adalah batuk berulang dan gambaran radiologi terbanyak yaitu gambaran massa. Prevalensi keberadaan jamur di paru atau saluran napas pasien tersangka mikosis paru di RS Persahabatan adalah 46,9%. Spesies terbanyak dari hasil biakan yaitu Candida albicans.

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Introduction. Lung mycoses is lung disease which caused by fungal infection or colonization or hypersensitivity reaction to fungi. Lung mycoses trend is increasing in community, however, diagnosis was hard to obtained.

Aim. To acknowledge the clinical and laboratory characteristics of lung mycoses suspected patients.

Method. This cross-sectional study is taken from mycology lab results in Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI/RSCM and medical records in RS Persahabatan from January 2010 until January 2011.

Result. All 49 samples fulfilling inclusion criteria are 73,5% male. Most cases are from age 51 until 60 years as much as 26,5%. Mostly used clinical specimens are bronchial lavage (55,1%). While most clinical symptom in patients is recurrent cough (67,3%). Most radiological in samples are masses (12,2%). Direct examination of clinical samples showing fungal elements are 32,7% and cultures yielding positive results are 46,9%. Hence, prevalence of fungal existence in lung or respiratory tract of suspected patients in Persahabatan Hospital are 46,9%. Most species found is Candida albicans (46,9%).

Conclusions. Most lung mycoses suspected patients are male and in range of age 51 until 60 years. Most examined clinical specimens are bronchial lavage. Samples mostly has recurrent cough as their clinical symptom while most radiological finding is ?masses? lesion. Prevalence of fungal existence in lung or respiratory tract of suspected patients in RS Persahabatan are 46,9% and most species found is Candida albicans.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Prevalens infeksi jamur sistemik pada neonatus bervariasi di berbagai negara, di Eropa 0,24% sedangkan di Asia 1,36%. Penelitian di Indonesia menunjukan hasil yang lebih tinggi, prevalens tahun 2005-2008 sebesar 42%. Upaya pencegahan spesifik dengan penggunaan profilaksis anti jamur oral serta pencegahan non spesifik melalui hand-hygyene, asepsis dan antisepsis saat tindakan medis dan kebijakan antibiotik rasional telah dilakukan dalam 5 tahun terakhir untuk menurunkan kejadian infeksi jamur sistemik pada neonatus. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalens dan profil klinis infeksi jamur sistemik pada neonatus dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Metode: Penelitian ini dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medis unit perinatologi tahun 2013-2017. Total sampling pada neonatus dengan diagnosis sepsis awitan lambat terduga infeksi jamur sistemik. Hasil: Prevalens infeksi jamur sistemik pada neonatus dalam 5 tahun terakhir adalah 7,4%, tertinggi pada tahun 2013 (13,3%) dan terus menurun hingga terendah pada tahun 2017 (0%). Spesies penyebab infeksi tersebut adalah C.Albicans (50%), C.Parapsilosis (42,9%), dan C.Tropikalis (7,1%). Manifestasi klinis yang menonjol adalah hipertermia (64,3%), letargi (92,9%) dan kembung (64,3%). Profil laboratorium yang didapatkan adalah leukopenia, trombositopenia disertai peningkatan CRP. Karakteristik lain yang ditemukan pada neonatus dengan infeksi jamur sistemik adalah mempunyai berat lahir rendah (64,3%), menggunakan ventilasi mekanik invasif ≥7 hari (71,4%), akses vaskular sentral ≥7 hari (92,9%), nutrisi parenteral total ≥7 hari (100%), dan menggunakan 4 macam antibiotik sebelum pemeriksaan (57,1%). Kesimpulan: Terdapat penurunan prevalens infeksi jamur sistemik dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Neonatus dengan kultur jamur positif memiliki manifestasi klinis yang tidak berbeda dengan sepsis akibat sebab lain. Profil klinis lain yang menonjol adalah trombositopenia dan riwayat mendapat tindakan medis invasif.

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Background: Prevalence of systemic fungal infection varies across countries, in Europe it's 0.24% and 1.36% in Asia. Research in Indonesia found higher prevalence, in 2005-2008 it was 42%. Specific prevention using oral prophylaxis and non-specific prevention through hand hygiene, aseptic technique for invasive medical procedures and rational use of antibiotics has been done in recent years to reduce the incidence of systemic fungal infection in neonates. Aim: To know the prevalence and clinical profiles of neonates with systemic fungal infection in the last 5 years. Method: Using cross-sectional design the data collected from medical records of perinatology unit. Total sampling was done to neonates that admitted between 2013-2017 with the diagnosis of late onset sepsis cause by systemic fungal infection. Result: The prevalence of systemic fungal infection in neonates was 7.4%, the incidence is dccreasing from 13.3% in 2013 to 0% in 2017. The pathogen identified from the blood cultures are C.Albicans (50%), C.Parapsilosis (42,9%), and C.Tropikalis (7,1%). The most frequent symptoms were hypertermia (64.3%), lethargy (92.9%) and distended abdomen (64.3%). Laboratory profiles that was noted were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased in CRP. Other characteristic found in this research were low birth weight (64.3%), using invasive mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (71.4%), using central catheter ≥7 days (92.9%), total parenteral nutrition ≥7 days (100%), and using at least 4 kinds of broadspectrum antibiotics (57.1%). Conclussion: Prevalence of systemic fungal infection is decreasing over the last 5 years. The clinical presentation of neonates with positive fungal blood cultures is difficult to differentiate from that of other serious bacterial infections. Other clinical profiles were thrombocytopenia and history of invasive medical procedures.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang Oculomycosis didefinisikan sebagai infeksi jamur pada mata, dengan Candida albicans, Aspergillus, dan Fusarium menjadi tiga etiologi yang paling umum. Insiden tahunan oculomycosis diperkirakan mencapai 1.000.000 kasus di seluruh dunia, dengan jumlah kasus tertinggi berasal dari Asia dan Afrika. Di Indonesia, lebih dari 7,7 juta orang menderita infeksi jamur, namun sangat sedikit literatur yang meneliti prevalensi oculomycosis secara spesifik. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini mengeksplorasi sebaran spesies jamur yang diperoleh dari sampel mata pasien di Jakarta, Indonesia. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif cross sectional study dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien infeksi jamur di rumah sakit di Jakarta pada tahun 2009 hingga 2020. Data tersebut disaring untuk mengetahui oculomycosis, asal sampel, dan hasil uji sensitivitas. Aplikasi program statistik untuk ilmu sosial (SPSS) 20 digunakan untuk menghitung mean, deviasi standar, dan uji-t untuk membuat representasi data secara statistik dan grafis. Hasil Terdapat 161 spesimen jamur yang dikumpulkan, 152 (94%) diantaranya diperoleh dari kornea, 5 (3,1%) vitreous humor, 2 (1,2%) alis, 1 (0,6%) fibrosis intraokular, 1 (0,6%) sekret mata. . Sampelnya adalah laki-laki sebanyak 125 orang, sedangkan perempuan sebanyak 36 orang dengan rata-rata usia 47,92 tahun. Tiga spesies dengan jumlah kasus terbanyak pada tahun 2009-2020 adalah Fusarium (n=48), Aspergillus (56), dan Dematiaceae (14). Uji kerentanan menunjukkan bahwa Fusarium rentan terhadap vorikonazol namun resisten terhadap itrakonazol (P ≤ 0,05). Kesimpulan Fusarium, Aspergillus, dan Dematiaceae sebagai tiga penyebab paling umum infeksi mata. Mayoritas pasien adalah laki-laki dan berada dalam usia produktif. Uji kerentanan menunjukkan kerentanan banyak spesies terhadap azol dan poliena. ......Introduction Oculomycosis is defined as a fungal infection of the eye, with Candida albicans, Aspergillus, and Fusarium being the three most common etiologies. The annual incidence of oculomycosis is estimated to be 1,000,000 cases worldwide, with the highest prevalence in Asia and Africa. In Indonesia, over 7.7 million people have fungal infection, yet very little literature have explored the prevalence of oculomycosis specifically. Thus, this paper explores the distribution of fungal species obtained from eye samples of patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Method The research utilizes an analytical cross sectional study design using secondary data obtained from medical records of patients with fungal infection from hospitals in Jakarta from 2009 till 2020. The records were screened for occulomycosis, the origin of the sample, and results of sensitivity test. The statistical program for social sciences (SPSS) application 20 is used to calculate descriptive statistics and t-test. Results There are 161 fungal isolates collected, 152 (94%) of which were obtained from the cornea, 5 vitreous humor, 2 eyebrow. 125 of samples were male patients, while the remaining 36 were female, with an average age of 47.92 years. The three species with the highest number of cases from 2009-2020 are Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Dematiaceae. Susceptibility tests indicate that Fusarium was susceptible to voriconazole but resistant to itraconazole (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Dematiaceae as the three most common cause of ocular infection. Majority of patients were male and within the productive age. Susceptibility test shows susceptibility of many species to azoles and polyene.

Abstrak :
Keberagaman spesies jamur yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi, serta resistensinya terhadap pengobatan antijamur, bervariasi tergantung terhadap wilayah dan factor lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran spesies dan kerentanan antijamur isolat jamur di Jakarta, Indonesia, untuk membantu membuat diagnosa dan tatalaksana yang personal terhadap pasien. Metode: Penelitian analitik retrospektif ini memanfaatkan data yang dikumpulkan selama periode tertentu. Spesimen jaringan pasien di Jakarta, Indonesia, diperiksa melalui mikroskop langsung dengan metode KOH dan kultur. Uji kerentanan dilakukan terhadap berbagai obat antijamur. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Rata-rata usia pasien yang diduga (n= 289) dan terindikasi (n= 130) menderita infeksi jamur adalah masing-masing 39,23 dan 41,09 tahun. Lebih dari setengah jamur tidak terdeteksi pada pemeriksaan KOH, juga tidak tumbuh pada kultur (55%, n=159/289). Sebagian besar spesimen jaringan berasal dari sistem pernapasan (48.8%, n=141), khususnya sinus (21.1%, n= 61). Dari spesies jamur yang terisolasi, Candida muncul sebagai spesies yang paling menonjol (57/119), diikuti oleh Aspergillus (29/119) dan Mucorales (13/119). Pengujian kerentanan kami menunjukkan bahwa Candida menunjukkan pola kerentanan yang sebagian besar konsisten dengan penelitian yang dilakukan di Semarang dan Jakarta (72-100% sensitive); namun, jika dibandingkan dengan data dari berbagai negara lain, pola kerentanannya berbeda. Sebagian besar isolat Aspergillus sensitive (81-100%) terhadap antijamur umum. Namun demikian, profil kerentanannya bergantung pada variabilitas lokal. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memberikan data terkini mengenai distribusi spesies dan kerentanan antijamur dari isolat jamur di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi ini beharap bisa membantu diagnosis dan strategi pengobatan yang ter-personalisasi terhadap masing- masing pasien infeksi jamur. ......Background: The diversity of fungal species that can cause infections, along with their resistance to antifungal treatments varies depending on region and other factors. This study aims to investigate species distribution and susceptibility profile of fungals in Jakarta, Indonesia, to provide epidemiological data to develop tailored diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This retrospective analytic study utilized data collected over the specified period. Tissue specimens from patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, were examined through direct microscopy with KOH and culture methods. Susceptibility testing was performed for various antifungal drugs. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results: The average age of patients suspected (n= 289) and indicated (n= 130) to have fungal infections was approximately 39.23 and 40.67 years, respectively. Most fungi that are not detected in direct examination with KOH, does not grow in culture (55%, n=159/289). Most tissue specimens came from the respiratory system (48.8%, n=141) particularly sinus (21.1%, n= 61). Out of the isolated fungal species, Candida emerged as the most prominent (57/119), followed by Aspergillus (29/119) and Mucorales (13/119). Our susceptibility testing revealed that Candida demonstrated susceptibility patterns that were largely consistent with studies conducted in Semarang and Jakarta (72-100% sensitive); however, when compared to regions outside of Indonesia, results differ. Most of Aspergillus isolates were sensitive (81-100%) to common antifungals. Nevertheless, its susceptibility profiles are subject to local variability. Conclusions: This study provides an updated data on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of fungal isolates in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study hopes to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies of fungal infections.