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Abstrak :
Simulasi dinamika aliran multifase telah dilakukan untuk sistem gelembung udara tunggal di dalam air, butiran air jatuh di permukaan air, dan kolom gelembung. Untuk mengklarifikasi hasil simulasi, eksperimen gelembung udara tunggal di dalam air dilakukan dengan menggunakan sensor Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) 4D. Simulasi gelembung tunggal dan butiran air jatuh dilakukan dengan persamaan Navier-Stokes. Metode medan fase digunakan untuk melakukan penjejakan lapisan antar muka gelembung udara-air dan butiran air-udara. Metode medan fase kurang stabil dalam memodelkan lapisan antar muka gelembung udara di dalam air. Selain hilangnya massa fase, persamaan medan fase juga tidak dapat mengendalikan deformasi gelembung udara sehingga menghasilkan evolusi gelembung yang tidak alamiah. Dengan menambahkan viskositas efektif udara, kehilangan massa dapat diminimalisir menjadi 0,15% sedangkan deformasi gelembung udara sangat teratur dan sesuai dengan data eksperimen. Dengan menggunakan besaran-besaran fisis standar, metode medan fase ternyata menunjukkan performa yang baik ketika digunakan untuk memodelkan butiran air jatuh di permukaan air. Ketidak-stabilan yang muncul pada pemodelan gelembung udara di dalam air dipengaruhi oleh faktor lapisan antar muka dan gaya tegang permukaan yang bekerja padanya. Model turbulen k?  digunakan untuk mensimulasikan aliran gelembung pada kolom gelembung. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan munculnya sirkulasi air dan aliran gelembung yang koheren. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan data eksperimen yang diambil menggunakan sensor ECVT 4D. ......A Series of transient simulations for multiphase flow system had been done for a single bubble rising through stagnant water, a single water droplet falling down to a liquid, and in bubble column reactor. Experimental studies also performed to clarify the simulation results using Electrical 4D Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) with 16 Electrodes. Navier-Stokes was employed to simulate the single bubble rising and water droplet system. Phase field model is used to track the interface of the two phases but the bubble shape's deformation shows unnatural behavior indicating that the phase field method could not hold the bubble-water interface. Moreover, the phase field method could not prevent the mass loss of the gas phase in quite significant amount. Different series of simulations had been done to clarify the problem by adding the so-called effective bubble's viscosity constant. 4D ECVT experimental result shows good agreement with the simulations results. The unnatural behavior of the bubble rising maybe caused by an interface controlling parameter and the surface tension which is directly connected to the surface tension coefficient. In water droplet system, using standard physical properties of air and water, the phase field method shows an excellent performance. It is also found that water droplet system has laminar behavior rather than turbulence. Transient simulation for the bubble column using k?  turbulence model revealed water circulation and coherent bubble plume flows. Qualitatively, the simulations of the bubble column had shown well agreement with experimental data.

Abstrak :
Multi-phase flows are part of our natural environment such as tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution and volcanic activities as well as part of industrial technology such as power plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, or chemical and biological industry. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires analytical and numerical strategies for predicting their behavior. .In its fourth extended edition the successful monograph package “Multiphase flow daynmics” contains theory, methods and practical experience for describing complex transient multi-phase processes in arbitrary geometrical configurations, providing a systematic presentation of the theory and practice of numerical multi-phase fluid dynamics. In the present second volume the methods for describing the mechanical interactions in multiphase dynamics are provided.

Abstrak :
This book contains a collection of the main contributions from the first five workshops held by Ercoftac Special Interest Group on Synthetic Turbulence Models (SIG42. It is intended as an illustration of the sig’s activities and of the latest developments in the field. This volume investigates the use of Kinematic Simulation (KS) and other synthetic turbulence models for the particular application to environmental flows. This volume offers the best syntheses on the research status in KS, which is widely used in various domains, including Lagrangian aspects in turbulence mixing/stirring, particle dispersion/clustering, and last but not least, aeroacoustics.

Abstrak :
Multi-phase flows are part of our natural environment such as tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution and volcanic activities as well as part of industrial technology such as power plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, or chemical and biological industry. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires analytical and numerical strategies for predicting their behavior. In its fourth extended edition the successful monograph package “Multiphase flow daynmics” contains theory, methods and practical experience for describing complex transient multi-phase processes in arbitrary geometrical configurations, providing a systematic presentation of the theory and practice of numerical multi-phase fluid dynamics. In the present first volume the local volume and time averaging is used to derive a complete set of conservation equations for three fluids each of them having multi components as constituents. Large parts of the book are devoted on the design of successful numerical methods for solving the obtained system of partial differential equations. Finally the analysis is repeated for boundary fitted curvilinear coordinate systems designing methods applicable for interconnected multi-blocks.

Abstrak :
Multi-phase flows are part of our natural environment such as tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution and volcanic activities as well as part of industrial technology such as power plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, or chemical and biological industry. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires analytical and numerical strategies for predicting their behavior. .In its fourth extended edition the successful monograph package “Multiphase flow daynmics” contains theory, methods and practical experience for describing complex transient multi-phase processes in arbitrary geometrical configurations, providing a systematic presentation of the theory and practice of numerical multi-phase fluid dynamics. In the present third volume methods for describing of the thermal interactions in multiphase dynamics are provided. In addition a large number of valuable experiments is collected and predicted using the methods introduced in this monograph. In this way the accuracy of the methods is revealed to the reader.

Abstrak :
The present Volume 4 of the successful monograh package “Multiphase flow dynamics”is devoted to selected chapters of the multiphase fluid dynamics that are important for practical applications but did not find place in the previous volumes. The state of the art of the turbulence modeling in multiphase flows is presented. As introduction, some basics of the single phase boundary layer theory including some important scales and flow oscillation characteristics in pipes and rod bundles are presented. Then the scales characterizing the dispersed flow systems are presented. The description of the turbulence is provided at different level of complexity: simple algebraic models for eddy viscosity, simple algebraic models based on the Boussinesq hypothesis, modification of the boundary layer share due to modification of the bulk turbulence, modification of the boundary layer share due to nucleate boiling. The role of the following forces on the mathematical description of turbulent flows is discussed: the lift force, the lubrication force in the wall boundary layer, and the dispersion force. A pragmatic generalization of the k-eps models for continuous velocity field is proposed containing flows in large volumes and flows in porous structures. A Methods of how to derive source and sinks terms for multiphase k-eps models is presented. A set of 13 single- and two phase benchmarks for verification of k-eps models in system computer codes are provided and reproduced with the IVA computer code as an example of the application of the theory. This methodology is intended to help other engineers and scientists to introduce this technology step-by-step in their own engineering practice. In many practical application gases are solved in liquids under given conditions, released under other conditions and therefore affecting technical processes for good of for bad. Useful information on the solubility of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in water under large interval of pressures and temperatures is collected, and appropriate mathematical approximation functions are provided. In addition methods for the computation of the diffusion coefficients are described. With this information solution and dissolution dynamics in multiphase fluid flows can be analyzed. For this purpose the non-equilibrium absorption and release on bubble, droplet and film surfaces under different conditions is mathematically described. A systematic set of internally consistent state equations for diesel fuel gas and liquid valid in broad range of changing pressure and temperature is provided.

Abstrak :
Kajian CFD mengenai aliran air-minyak pada pipa horizontal telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan model multifase Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) yang dikombinasikan dengan skema model turbulen SST . Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan simulasi karakteristik campuran aliran dengan mempertimbangkan parameter temperature. Kasus ini diselesaikan secara numerik menggunakan model volume hingga yang digunakan pada piranti lunak Fluent. Dari hasil simulasi yang dibandingkan dengan hasil eksperimen menunjukkan prediksi yang baik terutama pada pola aliran tertentu. Pada kajian ini, parameter termal diselesaikan menggunakan persamaan energi yang dikopel dengan model multifase. Temperatur aliran air divariasikan pada rentang 300-340K. Dari hasil didapatkan bahwa temperatur berpengaruh mengurangi kekentalan dan densitas fluida. Selanjutnya, pola aliran berubah dimana minyak akan berada diatas air karena memiliki kekentalan dan densitas yang lebih rendah. Kajian ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperature pada aliran air-minyak sebagaimana ditemukan dalam aplikasi pengangkatan minyak pada industri perminyakan

Abstrak :
Dalam proses mengalirkan hasil eksplorasi minyak dan gas, pola aliran slug menjadi jenis aliran multifasa yang sering muncul (slugging). Fenomena ini tidak diinginkan karena dapat menyebabkan getaran mekanik yang dapat merusak pipa, pengurangan laju produksi minyak dan gas, kerusakan peralatan proses seperti separator,  kerusakan pada pipeline dan flowline yang disebabkan oleh erosi dan fatigue sebagai hasil dari penumpukan liquid dan variasi kecepatan dari partikel fluida. Berbagai teknologi digunakan dalam mengatasi permasalah tersebut, salah satu teknologi terbaru yang murah dan mudah digunakan adalah pompa multifasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak penggunaan pompa multiphase terhadap pengurangan potensi terbentuknya slugging dalam pipa multifasa campuran minyak bumi dan gas alam. Dalam studi ini, simulasi dilakukan menggunakan simulator OLGA Dynamic Multiphase Flow 2017 2.0 dengan bantuan PVTSim 20 sebagai input perangkat lunak untuk karakteristisasi fluida menggunakan data suatu lapangan gas di Kalimantan. Variasi parameter ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan fenomena yang terjadi pada pipa dan efeknya terhadap pola aliran, laju produksi, liquid hold-up, dan tekanan di pipeline sebagai akibat penggunaan MPP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar laju alir minyak dan gas, semakin stabil dan terjaminnya fluida mengalir di pipeline dengan mengalami sedikit gangguan slugging, baik terrain slugging ataupun riser-based slugging. Selain itu, peletakan posisi pompa multifasa pada jarak 20 m dari wellhead adalah jarak yang menjadi rekomendasi untuk laju alir 5 kg/s, 10 kg/s, dan 15 kg/s. Penggunaan pompa multifasa dapat menurunkan nilai liquid hold-up 0.05 hingga 0.1, meningkatkan production rate (QLT) pada bagian top riser dengan rentang 200 – 600 m3/d, dan menurunkan pressure drop sebesar 1-4 bara.

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In the process of flowing the results of the oil and gas exploration, the slug flow pattern is a type of multiphase flow that often appears (slugging). This phenomenon is not desirable because it can cause mechanical vibrations that can damage pipes, reduce the rate of oil and gas production, damage process equipment such as separators, damage to pipelines and flowlines caused by erosion and fatigue as a result of liquid build-up and speed variations of fluid particles. Various technologies are used in overcoming these problems, one of the latest cheap and easy to use technologies is multiphase pumps. This study aims to determine the impact of the use of multiphase pumps on reducing the potential for the formation of slugging in multiphase pipes in a mixture of petroleum and natural gas. In this study, simulations were carried out using the OLGA Dynamic Multiphase Flow 2017 2.0 simulator with the help of PVTSim 20 as input software for fluid characterization using data from a gas field in Kalimantan. This parameter variation is done to obtain the phenomena that occur in the pipeline and their effects on flow patterns, production rates, liquid hold-ups, and pressure in the pipeline as a result of using MPP. The results showed that the greater the oil and gas flow rate, the more stable and guaranteed fluid flows in the pipeline with a slight slugging disturbance, either terrain slugging or riser-based slugging. In addition, laying the position of the multiphase pump at a distance of 20 m from the wellhead is the distance that is recommended for the flow rates of 5 kg / s, 10 kg / s, and 15 kg / s of each oil and gas used. The use of multiphase pumps can reduce the liquid hold-up value from 0.05 to 0.1, increase the rate of production (QLT) in the top riser section with a range of 200 - 600 m3 / d, and decrease in pressure drop by 1-4 bar.

Abstrak :
Summary: A unified theory of multiphase flows, providing tools for practical applications