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Abstrak :
Di dalam dunia bisnis ada 3 kelompok besar bisnis, yaitu bisnis konvensional, franchise dan network marketing. Umumnya bisnis konvensional memerlukan modal yang relatif besar dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang penuh ketidakpastian. Disisi lain bisnis franchise memerlukan modal yang relatif kecil dan mempunyai tingkat keberhasilan yang tinggi karena sistemnya yang telah teruji. Dan yang terakhir adalah network marketing atau multilevel marketing, yang modalnya sangat kecil dan hampir tanpa resiko. Penelitian ini membahas Retensi Distributor Dalam Multilevel Marketing dan mengambil kasus MLM High Desert, sebuah perusahaan yang memproduksi food supplement, propolis, royal jelly, dan pollen. Perusahaan ini merupakan anak perusahaan CC Pollen Company yang berkantor pusat di Arizona, Amerika Serikat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 7 variabel laten, yang terbagi dalam 39 pertanyaan yang merupakan indikator ketujuh variabel laten tersebut Ketujuh variabel Iaten tersebut adalah retensi distributor, kepercayaan, komitmen, support perusahaan, jiwa wirausaha distributor, kinerja dan kepuasan kerja distributor. Sedangkan respondennya adalah para distributor yang telah bergabung di High Desert minimum 1 tahun, dengan jumlah sampel 125 orang responden yang berasal dari Bandung dan Jakarta yang diambil dengan metode convenience sampling. Selanjutnya pengolahan data menggunakan 4 metode analisis, yaitu : analisis deskriptif, analisis faktor, analisis varian multivariate, disamping regresi berganda dan regresi polynomial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 96 % responden yang bergabung 2-3 tahun minimum sudah menduduki posisi distributor director. Disamping itu lama bergabung, peringkat dan pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketujuh variabel laten tersebut, sedangkan jenis kelamin tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang sinifikan. Interaksi antara komitmen distributor dengan kepuasan kerja distributor mempunyai pengaruh yang sinifikan terhadap retensi distributor. Selanjutnya faktor utama support perusahaan, interaksi antara jiwa wirausaha distributor dengan support perusahaan, dan interaksi antara kepercayaan distributor dengan support perusahaan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap komitmen distributor. Komitmen distributor mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja distributor, dan kinerja distributor mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja distributor.

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There are 3 big groups in the business world, that is conventional business, franchise and network marketing. Generally, conventional business needs more capital with the highly uncertain efficacy storey. On the other hand; franchise business needs less capital and have the high efficacy storey; because its system have been tested. Finally, network marketing or multilevel marketing needs capital relatively small and almost without risk. This research study the Distributor Retention In Multilevel Marketing and take the case AIM of High Desert, a company producing food supplement : propolis, royal jelly, and pollen. This company represent the subsidiary company of CC Pollen Company having a head office in Arizona, United States. In this research used 7 latent variable, which divided in 39 question representing 7 latent variable mentioned before. The 7 latent variable consist of : distributor retention, trust, commitment, distributor support, entrepreneurship, performance and job satisfaction. While its respondent is all distributor joined in High Desert at minimum 1 year periods, with the sample amount 125 respondent who come from Bandung and Jakarta using convenience sampling methods. And data processing using 4 kind of analyzing method, that is : descriptive analysis, factor analysis, variant multivariate analysis, beside quadratic regression and polynomial regression. The result of research indicate that 96 % respondents joining at minimum 3 years have occupied the position of distributor director. On the other hand, the joining periods and education having a significant influence toward 7 latent variable, while gender is not having a significant influence. The interaction between distributor commitment and job satisfaction having a significant influence toward distributor retention. Hereinafter main factor of distributor support, interaction between entrepreneurship and company support system, and interaction between trust and company support system having a significant influence toward distributor commitment. Distributor commitment having a significance influence toward distributor performance, and distributor performance having a significance influence toward job satisfaction.

Abstrak :
The research aims to get the valid empirical data (Sahih, valid and trust worthy) about how to describe: 1. Entrepreneurship characteristics of distributor in Direct selling Multi Level Marketing at PT Amindoway Jaya Jakarta 2. Behavior of distributor Chain in Direct Selling Multi Level Marketing at PT Amindoway Jaya Jakarta 3. Motivation of Distributor in direct selling Multi Level Marketing ay PT Amindoway Jaya Jakarta 4. Business success of distributor in direct selling Multi Level Marketing PT Amindoway Jakarta The population of research PT Amindoway Jaya distributors. The research use a survey method with descriptive analysis approach.The time for research on Januari 2006 to Juni 2006. The research is carried out on 30 distributors as sample for respondent and took with simple random sampling method in form of questionnaire to know the percentage, the data analysis is directed to solve problem formulation as a relative distribution frequency, which means data csllifed into a number of groups and stated and measured in percentage analisis beetwen variables and their indicators. The research shows that: 1. Entreprenuership Characteristics variable and its indicators: 14.6 percent of respondents says Strongly Agree, 6.2 percent Agree, 0.1 percent Doubtful, 4.4 percent Less Agree, and 4.7 percent Strongly Disagree. 2. Distributor Behavior variable and its indicators: 13.4 percent of respondents says Strongly Agree, 14.1 percent Agree, 0.6 percent Doubtful, 1.7 percent Less Agree, and 0.2 percent Strongly Disagree. 3. Distributor Motivation variable and its indicators: 18.4 percent of respondents says Strongly Agree, 9.4 percent Agree, 1.3 percent Doubtful, 0.6 percent Less Agree, and 0.3 percent Strongly Disagree. 4. Business Success variable and its indicators: 13.2 percent of respondents says Strongly Agree, 14.0 percent Agree, 0.1 percent Doubtful, 2.3 percent Less Agree, and 0.4 percent Strongly Disagree.

Abstrak :
Bisnis MLM merupakan salah satu cara atau metode dari penjualan langsung (direct selling) melalui jaringan pemasaran yang dikembangkan oleh tenaga penjual/member/distributor yang independent yang terstruktur dalam tingkatan- tingkatan yang berbeda. Tenaga penjual tersebut kemudian membangun jaringannya dcngan merekrut, memotivasi, mensuplai, melatih downline mereka untuk memperkenalkan barang atau jasa tertentu kepada sejumlah perorangan atau badan usaha lainnya secara berturut-turut dan bcluja berdasarkan komisi dan bonus yang dihasilkan dari penjualan produk dan bukan dari hasil perekrutan/referensi anggota Penjualan langsung ini dideflnisikan sebagai penjualan barang atau jasa yang dilakukan secara langsung ke individu-individu tertentu di rumah dan tempat kerja mereka, melalui transaksi yang dilakukan oleh si penjual (Clothier, 1992). Penjualan pribadi (penjualan personal) merupakan suatu bentuk interaksi langsung dengan satu calon pembeli atau lebih dengan melakukan presentasi, menjawab pertanyaan, dan menerima pesanan (Cravens,1994). Untuk itu dalam bisnis MLM, kinerja mitra usaha sangatlah penting untuk diperhatikan, dalam hal ini menarik bagi peneliti untuk meneliti topik analisis faktor-faktor pendukung terhadap kinerja mitra usaha CNI dalam pengembangan bisnis MLM-. Penelitian ini mengacu pada model yang dibuat oleh peneliti atas dasar survei wawancara terhadap 30 orang mitra usaha CNI dari berbagai posisif jenjang prestasi, dimana hasilnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat tujuh faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kinerja mereka yaitu kualitas produk, sistem komisi, jenjang prestasi, pelatihan, RPU, downline dan upline_ Dan jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 responden. Untuk menguji kerangka konseptual, regresi dimana variabel indikator diolah adalah dengan menggunakan SPSS 12. Peneliti kemudian menganalisis variabel apa yang memberikan pengaruh signifikan dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja mitra usaha CNI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk, RPU (Rencana Pengembangan Usaha), downline dan upline memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja miua usaha CNI. Sedangkan sistem komisi, sistem jenjang prestasi dan pelatihan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja mitra usaha CNI. Maka dengan perbedaan ini, peneliti mencoba merumuskan beberapa upaya/solusi yang dapat ditempuh oleh CNI. Selain itu, peneliti juga mengajukan beberapa saran untuk penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya agar lebih representatif.

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MLM is a marketing method that makes use of direct selling through a network of independent salespersons structured in different levels. These independent salespersons (members/distributors) are encouraged to build and manage their own sales force by recruiting, motivating, supplying, and training others (downline) to sell products. They earn commissions from what they sell, as well as a certain portion of the commissions from the sales of their downlines, a reward for their effort in expanding the overall network of salespersons for the company. To a MLM company, these salespersons disregard of their levels are collectively called Business Partner (Mitra Usaha). This direct selling is defined as selling goods or services that are conducted directly to certain individuals in their house or their ofiice through transactions accomplished by the seller (Clothier, 1992). Personal selling is a form of direct interaction with a potential buyer or more by performing a presentation, answering question, and receiving order (Cravens, 1994). For a MLM company, the performance of business partner is a key factor of business success and there for it is an important parameter to monitor in the management of MLM network. In this case, it is interesting for the Researcher to research the topic for analyzing the supporting factors towards the performance of CNI business partner in developing MLM business. This research referred to a model that was developed by the Researcher based on an interview survey towards 30 CNI business partners from variable positions/achievement path where the results were concluded that there are seven main factors t.hat influence their cooperation which are product quality, commission system, achievement path, training, RPU, dovm-line and up-line. And total respondent in this research are 100 respondents. In order to evaluate the conceptual tiamework, the variable indicator processed by using regression in SPSS 12. Then, the Researcher analyzed which variables that gave the significant influence and which not significant towards the CNI business partner performance. The result of the research showed that the product quality, RPU (Rencana Pengembangan Usaha / Business Development Plan), down-line and up-line give significant influence towards the improvement of CNI business partner performance. Meanwhile the commission system, achievement path and training are not giving significant influence towards the improvement of CNI business partner performance. Therefore, with these differences, the Researcher attempts to fonnulate several efforts/solutions that could be attained by CNI. Instead of that, the Researcher also provides several recommendations for subsequently researches that could be more representative.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Dalam perkembangan perdagangan dunia, yang terarah pada perdagangan bebas, maka Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang terus berusaha mengimbanginya, dengan membuka peluang bisnis bagi masyarakat. Peluang ini ditanggapi secara positif, dibuktikan dengan munculnya berbagai sistem perdagangan dan salah satu yang sedang berkembang pesat adalah bisnis Multi-Level Marketing (MLM), dimana daya tarik dari sistem ini adalah penghasilan dari dua sumber, yakni: selisih harga produk yang dipasarkan dan rabat yang akan didapat dari perusahaan sesuai dengan tingkatan yang diperolehnya. Oleh karenanya potensi penghasilan dari bisnis ini sangatlah besar dan yang perlu kita ingat penghasilan adalah salah satu obyek pajak yang berpengaruh besar dalam pendapatan perpajakan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penulisan ini adalah: (1) Penerapan Withholding Tax oleh perusahaan MLM, yang memiliki sistem berbeda (lebih rumit) dengan perusahaan bisnis lainnya (yang saat ini diterapkan); (2) Penerapan self assessment system dalam kaitannya dengan penghasilan distributor MLM yang didapat dari keuntungan perdagangan. Peraturan perpajakan mengenai bisnis MLM sudah ada, namun belum lengkap dan belum sesuai dengan UUD RI Tahun 1945. Dimana pengaturan yang dibuat hanya mengarah pada penghasilan rabat dari distributor perseorangan dan pengaturan tersebut dalam bentuk surat edaran yang bukan merupakan peraturan perundangundangan. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan hukum mengenai perpajakan tidak dapat dijalankan dan diterapkan kepada seluruh masyarakat dan hal ini tidak sesuai dengan teori keadilan sebagaimana diungkap oleh Aristoteles yang pada intinya dalam perlakuan yang sama untuk setiap orang di mata hukum. Sehingga dibutuhkan peraturan khusus yang mengatur mengenai pengenaan pajak penghasilan atas penghasilan yang diterima oleh distributor MLM, dari tarif sampai dengan prosedur pemungutan, serta diperlukan sosialisasi yang lebih tepat sasaran, sehingga seluruh kalangan masyarakat dapat memahami dan mengetahui tentang peraturan perundangundangan tersebut.

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ABSTRACT
In the development of world trade, which focused on free trade, then Indonesia as developing countries will remains to open up business opportunities for the community. This opportunity is responded positively, evidenced by the emergence of various trading systems which one growing rapidly is the business of Multi-Level Marketing (MLM), where the appeal of this system is the income from two sources, namely: the difference in prices of products that are marketed and rebates that will be obtained from the company in accordance with the level obtained. Therefore, the potential income from this business is very large and we need to remember is one object of income tax profound effect on tax revenues. The problems raised in this research are: (1) Implementation of Withholding Tax by the MLM company, which has a different system (more complicated) with other business enterprises (which are currently applied); (2) The application of the self-assessment system in relation to income derived by MLM distributor of trading profits. Tax regulations regarding MLM business is already there, but not complete and not in accordance with the Constitution of Republic of Indonesia Year 1945. Where regulations are made only lead to the rebate income from individual distributor and those regulations which was made in circular letter is not the legislation. This resulted in laws regarding taxation can not be executed and applied to the entire community and this is not in accordance with the theory of justice as revealed by Aristotle that essentially in equal treatment for everyone in the presence of the law. So it takes a special regulation governing the imposition of income tax on income earned by MLM distributors, from tariffs to collection procedures, and its required more targeted socialization, so that the entire community can understand to the legislation., In the development of world trade, which focused on free trade, then Indonesia as developing countries will remains to open up business opportunities for the community. This opportunity is responded positively, evidenced by the emergence of various trading systems which one growing rapidly is the business of Multi-Level Marketing (MLM), where the appeal of this system is the income from two sources, namely: the difference in prices of products that are marketed and rebates that will be obtained from the company in accordance with the level obtained. Therefore, the potential income from this business is very large and we need to remember is one object of income tax profound effect on tax revenues. The problems raised in this research are: (1) Implementation of Withholding Tax by the MLM company, which has a different system (more complicated) with other business enterprises (which are currently applied); (2) The application of the self-assessment system in relation to income derived by MLM distributor of trading profits. Tax regulations regarding MLM business is already there, but not complete and not in accordance with the Constitution of Republic of Indonesia Year 1945. Where regulations are made only lead to the rebate income from individual distributor and those regulations which was made in circular letter is not the legislation. This resulted in laws regarding taxation can not be executed and applied to the entire community and this is not in accordance with the theory of justice as revealed by Aristotle that essentially in equal treatment for everyone in the presence of the law. So it takes a special regulation governing the imposition of income tax on income earned by MLM distributors, from tariffs to collection procedures, and its required more targeted socialization, so that the entire community can understand to the legislation.]

Abstrak :
Sistem Multi Level Marketing (MLM) masih menjadi permasalahan yang kontroversial hingga saat ini, terutama bagi ummat Islam terhadap kebolehan penggunaan sistem ini; karena berbagai kasus sering terjadi yang menyangkut dengan sistem MLM. Meskipun kemudian telah muncul MLM Syariah, namun kekhawatiran terhadap penggunaan sistem ini tetap ada. Skripsi ini dibuat untuk dapat mengetahui secara jelas bagaimana kedudukan sistem ini bila di tinjau dari Hukum Perikatan Islam, serta bagaimana pelaksanaan dan penerapan sistem MLM yang ada pada PT. Ahad-Net Internasional sebagai MLM syariah .

Abstrak :
Skema piramida yang berkedok Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) telah menjadi isu yang signifikan seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi dan inovasi bentuk usaha dalam industri penjualan langsung dan pemasaran jaringan. Dalam hal mengatur terkait direct selling, pemerintah Indonesia dengan kedaulatannya memiliki limitasi dalam mengeluarkan regulasi. Batasan-batasan tersebut salah satunya bersumber dari perjanjian multilateral ataupun bilateral yang mengikat Indonesia. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi titik temu antara pengaturan direct selling di Indonesia dan perjanjian perdagangan internasional yang mengikatnya mengenai praktik pemasaran berjenjang (MLM) dan skema piramida. Fokusnya adalah pada bagaimana Indonesia mengatur MLM, dan sejauh mana peraturan tersebut sejalan atau berpotensi bertentangan dengan perjanjian perdagangan Free Trade Agreement (FTA) dan WTO. Penelitian ini menggali kerangka hukum dan regulasi yang ada yang melindungi konsumen dari potensi penipuan dalam skema piramida dan prevalensi skema piramida di MLM, serta menganalisis bagaimana perjanjian-perjanjian perdagangan internasional mempengaruhi dan berdampak pada kebijakan MLM di Indonesia. Skripsi ini juga membandingkan pendekatan Indonesia dengan negara-negara seperti Tiongkok, yang telah mengadopsi kebijakan berbeda terkait penjualan langsung dan MLM di bawah kerangka WTO. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman lebih dalam tentang upaya perlindungan konsumen dalam menghadapi skema piramida berkedok MLM dan menyoroti perlunya peningkatan kerja sama antara pihak berwenang, perusahaan MLM, dan konsumen dalam memitigasi risiko yang terkait dengan skema piramida. ......Pyramid schemes under the guise of Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) have become a significant issue along with the development of technology and innovation in business forms in the direct sales and network marketing industries. In terms of regulating direct selling, the Indonesian government with its sovereignty has limitations in issuing regulations. One of these limitations comes from multilateral or bilateral agreements that bind Indonesia. This thesis aims to explore the intersection between direct selling regulations in Indonesia and the international trade agreements that bind them regarding multi-level marketing (MLM) practices and pyramid schemes. The focus is on how Indonesia regulates MLM, and the extent to which these regulations are in line with or potentially conflict with the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and WTO trade agreements. This research explores the existing legal and regulatory framework that protects consumers from potential fraud in pyramid schemes and the prevalence of pyramid schemes in MLM, as well as analyzing how international trade agreements influence and impact MLM policy in Indonesia. This thesis also compares Indonesia's approach with countries such as China, which have adopted different policies regarding direct sales and MLM under the WTO framework. This research provides a deeper understanding of consumer protection efforts in dealing with pyramid schemes under the guise of MLM and highlights the need for increased cooperation between authorities, MLM companies and consumers in mitigating the risks associated with pyramid schemes.