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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi molase terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin. Proses fermentasi dilakukan dalam medium Czapek?s Dox Broth (CDB) modifikasi dengan perlakuan variasi konsentrasi molase (0 g/L, 55 g/L, 60 g/L, 65 g/L, 70 g/L, 75 g/L, 80 g/L, dan 85 g/L) selama 7 hari pada suhu ruang (27--30˚C) dengan kecepatan agitasi 90 rpm. Ekstraksi senyawa lovastatin dilakukan dengan pelarut etil asetat. Pengujian ekstrak lovastatin dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar cara cakram terhadap Candida albicans UICC Y-29. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata indeks penghambatan tertinggi sebesar 0,49 ± 0,07 diperoleh dari ekstrak lovastatin dengan perlakuan molase 70 g/L. Analisis uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P < 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata perlakuan konsentrasi molase terhadap kemampuan A. flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin. Analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif lovastatin dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa lovastatin pada perlakuan molase 70 g/L dengan waktu retensi sama dengan lovastatin standar, yaitu 4,5 menit dengan kadar 1,1 mg/L.

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ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to determine the effect of concentration variation of molasses on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process was carried out using Czapek's Dox Broth (CDB) containing variation of molasses concentrations (0 g /L, 55 g /L, 60 g/L, 65 g/L, 70 g/L, 75 g/L, 80 g/L, and 85 g/L) for 7 days at room temperature (27--30˚C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Extraction of lovastatin was done with ethyl acetate solvent. Lovastatin extracts were tested using agar disc diffusion method against Candida albicans UICC Y-29. The result revealed that the highest inhibition index of 0.49 ± 0.07 was obtained from lovastatin extracts-treated molasses 70 g/L. Analysis using Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P < 0.05) indicated that there was significant difference on the ability of A. flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin at different molasses concentration. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lovastatin using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) proved that lovastatin was present at 70 g/L molasses with the same retention time to lovastatin standard, which was 4.5 minutes, at concentration of 1.1 mg/L.

Abstrak :
Melalui kebijakan energi nasional, pemerintah mencanangkan alternatif diversifikasi energi untuk mengatasi keterbatasan energi fosil. Industri bioetanol yang dihasilkan dari tetes tebu molasses merupakan industri yang diharapkan memiliki peran aktif dalam rangka penyediaan Bahan Bakar Nabati penganti Bahan Bakar Fosil. Namun industri ini terhambat karena berbagai faktor antara lain belum adanya insentif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai PPN . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengenaan PPN atas penyerahan tetes tebu molasse dilihat dari prinsip economic growth dan ease of administration, serta menganalisis fasilitas PPN yang dapat diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data studi lapangan dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pengenaan PPN atas tetes tebu molasse belum memenuhi pengembangan ekonomis dan belum dipertimbangkan untuk mendapatkan insentif PPN. Dari sisi ease of administration, terutangnya tetes tebu kurang memenuhi asas convenience dan efficiency, sedangkan asas certainty dan simplicity dapat dipenuhi. Fasilitas yang dianggap tepat adalah PPN terutang tidak dipungut atau skema pengganti insentif lain. Seyogyanya pemerintah dapat membentuk koordinator tetap dan mempertimbangkan pemberian fasilitas insentif PPN atas penyerahan molasses guna mendorong pengembangan energi baru terbarukan. ......Through the policy of national energy, government has launched an alternative of energy diversification to overcome the fossil energy that is very limited. Bioethanol industry that is produced from sugarcane drops molasses is an industry which is expected to have an active role in providing fuel from vegetables in place of fossil fuel. Nevertheless, this industry has been obstructed because of some factors, one of which is the absence of value added tax VAT incentives. This research is intended to analyze the applying of value added tax on the sugarcane drops submission molasse seen from the economic growth and ease of administration principles, and to analyze the value added tax facilities that can be provided. This research uses qualitative approach with field study and literature study data collection methodes. From the result of this research, it is known that the applying of value added tax on sugarcane drops molasse has not fulfil the economical development yet and has not been considered decent to get value added tax incentives. Based on the ease of administration principles, the granting of VAT facility on the submission of molasses is less fulfilling the principle of convenience and efficiency, while certainty and simplicity principles can be met. The facilities that are deemed appropriate are the unpaid VAT or other incentive replacement schemes. Hopefully government should be able to establish a permanent coordinator and willing to consider giving the facilities for value added tax incentives on molasses submission in order to push the development of renewable new energy.

Abstrak :

Surfaktan ester sukrosa telah berhasil disintesis dari molase dan limbah minyak jelantah. Sintesis surfaktan ester sukrosa telah dilakukan melalui reaksi transesterifikasi antara metil ester dan molase. Metil ester telah didapatkan dari minyak jelantah melalui reaksi transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis homogen basa NaOH dengan yield sebesar 78,67% dan kadar metil ester 99,59%. Reaksi transesterifikasi metil ester dan molase telah dilakukan menggunakan pelarut dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) dan katalis Na₂CO₃ sebanyak 13 mol% ester dengan variasi rasio mol molase terhadap metil ester 3:1, 5:1, dan 8:1 pada suhu 90^oC selama 4 jam. Surfaktan ester sukrosa yang dihasilkan adalah sukrosa mono-linoleat dan sukrosa mono-oleat yang dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrument analisis LC-MS. Surfaktan ester sukrosa dihasilkan paling banyak pada rasio mol molase terhadap metil ester 8:1.

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Sucrose ester surfactants have been successfully synthesized from molasses and waste cooking oil waste. Synthesis of sucrose ester surfactants was carried out through a transesterification reaction between methyl esters and molasses. Methyl ester has been obtained from waste cooking oil through a transesterification reaction using a homogeneous base catalyst NaOH with a yield of 78.67% and FAME content of 99.59%. Transesterification reactions of methyl esters and molasses have been carried out using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent and Na₂CO₃ as catalyst as much as 13 mol% of esters with variations of molasses to methyl ester mole ratio 3:1, 5:1, and 8:1 at 90^oC for 4 hours. The sucrose ester surfactant produced were sucrose mono-linoleic and sucrose mono-oleic which were characterized using LC-MS analysis instruments. Sucrose ester surfactants with highest production produced at molasses to ester mol ratio of 8: 1.