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Abstrak :
Pengembangan pariwisata internasional adalah salah satu sektor dunia yang paling dinamis dengan pertumbuhan signifikan, dimana sektor tersebut sangat penting dalam perkembangan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penilitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pasar permintaan pariwisata internasional di Indonesia yang berfokus pada tiga negara Eropa yang memepunyai distribusi besar sebagai wisatawan di Indonesia yang kemudian di relasikan kepada dampak dari pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis metodologi, yaitu, regresi OLS dan panel data untuk menganalisa adanya signidikasi determinasi peremintaan pariwisata internasional berdasarkan panel data. Kemudian, data dalam penilitian ini diambil dari Perancis, Jerman, dan Belanda dari tahun 2000 hingga 2021, dimana data tersebut diambil berdasarkan data tahunan pariwisata baik untuk  variable tangible dan intangible. Dalam penilitian ini menunjukan bahwa turis dengan pendapatan tinggi mempunyai kemungkinan lebih besar dalam melakukan kegiatan pariwisata, namun biaya transportasi yang lebih tinggi memberikan efek sebaliknya, turis asing akan mengurangi kemungkinan berpergian ke luar negeri. ......The development of international tourism is one of the world's most dynamic and fastest-growing sectors, crucial to promote economic prosperity. This study aims to examine the demand for international tourism in Indonesia from three European tourists travelling to Indonesia and investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the tourism sector. The study implements two types of methodology were used in this study, OLS and panel data regression, in order to analyze the significance of the determinants of international tourism demand based on the panel data. The research consist data from France, Germany, and Netherland from year 2000 to 2021, using annual datasets for both dependent variable and independent variable. The result indicated that a tourist with higher income will mostly likely travel but a higher cost of transportation will discourage these foreigners from traveling abroad. 

Abstrak :
This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of compliance with mandatory spending on education and health in 29 regencies/cities in Papua. The data analysis method applies quantitative descriptive data by using regional financial data, namely: Regional Revenue and Expenditure Targets, Education and Health Expenditure Allocation for Fiscal Year 2021, Realization of Regional Income, and Expenditure, Education and Health Expenditure Allocation for the Fiscal Year 2017-2020. The main finding of this study is that 27 local governments have not complied with mandatory spending on education, while for health, there are six local governments in Papua. Of course, this fact indicates one of the weaknesses in achieving the competitiveness of human development in Papua. Next is the fact that study results show that the amount of regional income and expenditure is not necessarily accompanied by the level of compliance with mandatory spending. This indicates the poor quality of planning and budgeting at the local government level in Papua. The author is aware of the limitations of this study; in disclosing the facts of compliance with mandatory spending on education and health, it is hoped that further research can measure the impact of mandatory spending on regional development performance indicators through an econometric model approach.