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Abstrak :
after the world witnessed groundbreaking early advances in assisted reproduction that utilized conventional in vitro fertilization in the human, more complex invasive techniques of oocyte and embryo manipulation were introduced to treat human subfertility. amongst these were numrous micromanipulation techniques such as partial zona dissection (PZD; 1988), subzonal insemination (SUZI, 1988) and subsequently ICSI, which became the most powelful tool of assisted fertilization (1992). ICSI requires micromanipulation of both the male and the female gamete. another importand approach is laser-assisted opening of the zona pellucida at different stages of preimplantation development either; to assist hatching (1990) or to remove cells for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (1989), or fragments to restore the integrity of an embryo (1999). sometimes even blastocysts considered for vitrification need further manipulation in order to artificially shrink the blastocoel which facilitates survival of expanded blastocyst (2002). other methods for reproductive purposes, however, failed to gain acceptance in population, such as cytoplasm transfer (1997), nuchler transfer (1998) and cloning (1996), to name but a few

Abstrak :
"Written by a pioneering leader in the development of vitreoretinal surgical techniques and instruments, Vitreous Microsurgery is a comprehensive how-to guide to all vitreoretinal procedures. This thoroughly updated Fifth Edition describes many new techniques and refinements of established procedures and includes new chapters and new illustrations. More than 170 three-dimensional full-color illustrations--many by the Charles Retina Institute's resident medical artist, Byron Wood--enable surgeons to clearly visualize the techniques. The focus of the text is on the decision making process a surgeon goes through in evaluating the best course of treatment for his/​her patient undergoing vitreous surgery. The book describes in detail clinically proven methods of managing the anterior and posterior segment vitreous surgery patient in a systematic manner. The text is organized in a building block approach with general methodology preceding its application to specific disease states. The book stresses algorithms for intra-operative decision making, relying on knowledge of physical principles and performed in the order of ascending risk. A companion website included with purchase offers the fully searchable text and an online image bank"--Provided by publisher.