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Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 2 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Annisa Pramesti Putri
"ABSTRAK
Kualitas udara mikrobiologi dalam ruangan di rumah sakit perlu diperhatikan terutama pada ruang poliklinik karena di ruang tersebut banyak pengunjung berkumpul dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Dengan demikian, peluang tersebarnya penyakit melalui udara oleh bakteri dan jamur patogen juga tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur di udara pada ruangan di poliklinik, perbedaan konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur antar ruang poliklinik pada hari padat dan sepi pengunjung dan jenis bakteri berdasarkan pewarnaan gram. Sampel kualitas udara mikrobilogis diambil dengan menggunakan EMS E6 dengan menggunakan media TSA (Oxoid, 2011) untuk bakteri dan media MEA (Oxoid, 2011) untuk jamur dan dilakukan secara duplo. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada ruang poliklinik yang berbeda dan waktu yang berbeda dimana hari senin mewakili hari sepi dan sabtu mewakili hari padat pasien/pengunjung. Hasil sampling bakteri dan jamur diuji secara statistik dengan menggunakan statistik nonparametriks Pearson product moment dan two-tailed t-test. Hasil pengukuran sampel menunjukkan konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur telah melebihi baku mutu mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 1204 Tahun 2004 yaitu rata-rata 2.545 ± 9,11 CFU/m3 untuk bakteri dan 306 ± 2,91 CFU/m3 untuk jamur. Konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur paling tinggi terdapat pada ruang Poliklink Umum. Uji statistik Pearson product moment menunjukkan jumlah pengunjung memiliki korelasi yang rendah (r = 0,29) dengan konsentrasi bakteri dan memiliki korelasi sedang (r = 0,45) dengan konsentrasi jamur. Selanjutnya, uji statistik two-tailed t-test menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara jumlah pengunjung dengan konsentrasi mikrobiologi di udara. Identifikasi bakteri dengan pewarnaan gram menunjukkan bahwa 84,2% bakteri yang ditemukan merupakan bakteri gram negatif dan 15,2% gram positif. Bakteri gram negatif berpotensi lebih besar dalam menginfeksi manusia karena memiliki endotoksin. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pemasangan filter HEPA atau ULPA pada sistem ventilasi (AC) untuk menurunkan konsentrasi bakteri dan perbaikan sistem ventilasi agar kelembaban ruangan terjaga antara 30-60% dan suhu ruangan dibawah 25oC sehingga dapat menurunkan konsentrasi jamur.

ABSTRACT
Microbial indoor air quality in hospital has to be considered, especially in the examining and waiting room because many people gathered at the same time. Hence, chances for spreading airborne disease by pathogenic bacteria and fungi are high. The objectives of this study are to find out indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations at the examining room, the difference of bacteria and fungi concentrations during high and low numbers of visitors, and types of bacteria based on gram staining. Microbial air samples were taken in Duplo by using EMS E6 with TSA (Oxoid, 2011) and MEA (Oxoid, 2011) media for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Samplings were conducted on different examining rooms and days, which Monday and Saturday represented as low and high numbers of visitors, respectively. The sampling results tested statistically by using non-parametric statistical method, Pearson product moment and two-tailed t test. The measurement results showed that indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations have exceeded the quality standards by Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 1204 in 2004, with the average are 2.545 ± 9.11 CFU/m3 and 306 ± 2.91 CFU/m3 for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The highest concentration of bacteria and fungi is found in examining room for children and general, respectively. Pearson product moment test showed a low correlation (r=0.29) between number of visitors and indoor air bacteria concentration and moderate correlation (r=0.45) between number of visitors and indoor air fungi concentrations. Furthermore, two-tailed t-test results showed that there was no significant relationship between number of visitor and indoor air microbial concentrations. Identification of bacteria with gram staining showed that 84.2% of bacteria found are gram-negative and 15.8% are gram-positive bacteria. The gram-negative bacteria are having greater possibly infected human than gram-positive bacteria because it has endotoxin. Therefore, it is necessary to install HEPA or ULPA filters on ventilation system (air conditioned) and maintain relative humidity between 30-60% and temperature below 25oC in the hospital to reduce indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations"
2015
S59502
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ana Jauhara
"[ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai tingkat serapan karbon dan
kandungan klorofil serta analisis sampah, sedimen, dan volume di lima situ
Kampus UI Depok. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat serapan
karbon dan kandungan klorofil, serta materi organik dalam sampah, sedimen dan
volume di lima situ Kampus UI Depok. Penelitian dilakukan di lima situ Kampus
UI Depok, yaitu Situ Agathis, Situ Mahoni, Situ Puspa, Situ Ulin, dan Situ Salam.
Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Maret--April 2014. Pengukuran
produktivitas primer perairan menggunakan metode botol gelap-terang. Botol
gelap dan botol terang diletakkan pada kedalaman 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70
cm, dan 80 cm. Pengambilan sampel fitoplankton dilakukan menggunakan
plankton net. Pengukuran kandungan klorofil-a dan klorofil-b menggunakan
spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 750, 664, 647 dan 630 nm.
Perangkap sampah organik berupa kain nylon dengan ukuran pori 1 mm2
diletakkan pada inlet dan outlet secara bersamaan di lima situ Kampus UI Depok.
Pengambilan sampel sedimen dilakukan menggunakan Peterson Grab. Sampel
sedimen dianalisis kadar karbon organik dengan metode Walkley-Black. Metode
3D Analyst ArcView 10.1 digunakan untuk menghitung volume situ. Tingkat
serapan karbon di lima situ Kampus UI Depok memiliki potensi menyerap karbon
rata-rata sebesar 48,61 mgC/m3/jam. Kandungan klorofil-a dan klorofil-b di lima
situ Kampus UI Depok rata-rata sebesar 2,59 mg/l dan 0,35 mg/l. Hasil
identifikasi sampel fitoplankton diperoleh empat kelas, yaitu Chlorophyceae,
Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, dan Bacillariophyceae. Kepadatan tertinggi dan
nilai dominansi tertinggi pada sampel fitoplankton di lima situ Kampus UI Depok
terdapat pada kelas Chlorophyceae. Terjadi penumpukan sampah organik sebesar
0,55 gr/m3/jam. Tipe sedimen pasir mendominasi di perairan lima situ Kampus UI
Depok. Kandungn karbon pada sampel sedimen kerikil sebesar 19,75--26,58 ppm,
pasir sebesar 28,47--38,55 ppm, dan lumpur sebesar 36,79--42,05 ppm. Perairan
lima situ di Kampus UI Depok memiliki potensi dalam menampung volume air
sebesar 654.830 m3.

ABSTRACT
Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3.;Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3., Research has conducted about the level of carbon uptake and chlorophyll
content as well as the analysis of trash, sediment, and volume in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. The study aimed to analyze the level of carbon uptake and
chlorophyll content, and organic matter in the litter, sediment and volume in five
lakes at Campus UI Depok. The study was conducted in five lakes at Campus UI
Depok, namely Agathis, Mahoni, Puspa, Ulin, and Salam. Sampling was
conducted in March-April 2014. Measurements of primary productivity in the
water using light-dark bottle method. Dark bottle and light bottle placed at a depth
of 0 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm. Sampling of phytoplankton was
conducted using a plankton net. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b
using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 750, 664, 647 and 630 nm.
Pitfalls of organic waste in the form of nylon fabric with a pore size of 1 mm2
placed at the inlet and outlet simultaneously in five lakes at Campus UI Depok.
Sampling of sediment was conducted using a Peterson Grab. Sediment samples
were analyzed with the organic carbon content of the Walkley-Black method. 3D
Analyst ArcView 10.1 method used to calculate the volume of the lakes. The rate
of carbon uptake in five UI Depok it has the potential to absorb carbon by an
average of 48.61 mgC/m3/hour. The content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok was average of 2.59 mg/l and 0.35 mg/l. The
results of the identification of phytoplankton samples obtained four classes,
namely Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae.
The highest density and highest dominance values in samples of phytoplankton in
five lakes at Campus UI Depok contained in the class Chlorophyceae. Build up of
organic waste by 0.55 gr/m3/hour. Sand sediment types dominate in five lakes at
Campus UI Depok. Carbon content in sediment samples gravel at 19.75 to 26.58
ppm, the sand at 28.47 to 38.55 ppm, and the mud of 36.79 to 42.05 ppm. The five
lakes at Campus UI Depok has the potential to accommodate the volume of
waters at 654.830 m3.]"
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 2014
T42829
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library