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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
A study on microbiological quality of Nasi Rames was carried out ifrom December 1996 to January 1997. One hundred and two samples of Nasi Rames were collected and 102 food handler were interviewed.

The microbiological contamination was assessed by using the method of enumeration of Indicator organisms (Aerobic Plate Count, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli) in PetrifilmTM at SEAMEO TROPMED Laboratory, Jakarta.

High microbial counts were found in food samples. More than 21 % of food samples contained APC higher than 106 CFUIg food. Coliform counts higher than 102 CFUIg was found in 75.5% of Nasi Rames and 42.2% of the samples were contaminated with E. coll.

The study did not find geographical pattern of microbiological contamination in studied area or any significant differences between districts as well as environment. Statistical analysis showed there was significant difference in microbial counts between vendor 1 and vendor 2.

Further statistical analysis on risk factors contribute to microbial contamination showed that water source was associated with high counts of APC (p=0.016) and that the manner of waste disposal was associated with E. coli contamination (p=0.025).

The study has suggested that the basic facilities were essential in the street vending operation. Considering that street food cater for numerous people, there are urgent needs to improve the microbiological quality of street foods. Actions should be taken to provide basic facilities and introduce the knowledge on food hygiene to street food vendors as well as the consumer.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Kultur in vitro gametofit lumut berdaun masih menghadapi hambatan dalam sterilisasi eksplan sampai sekarang. Kendala ini terkait dengan struktur sederhana lumut hati yang mudah rusak setelah terpapar desinfektan dan tingkat kontaminasi kultur yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode sterilisasi yang mampu menekan kontaminasi dengan viabilitas eksplan yang tinggi dalam kultur gametofit lumut hati Lopholejeunea sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode sterilisasi yang berbeda. Metode sterilisasi I terdiri dari kontrol dan 6 kombinasi pengobatan dengan konsentrasi Bayclin (0,5%, 0,75% dan 1%) dengan waktu pemaparan (60 detik dan 90 detik) disertai dengan penambahan 2,5 mg / ml tetrasiklin. Metode sterilisasi II terdiri dari kontrol dan 2 kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi Bayclin sebesar 0,75% dengan waktu pemaparan (60 detik dan 90 detik) disertai dengan penambahan 35% alkohol, Dithane 1%, dan tetrasiklin 2,5 mg / ml. Setiap metode sterilisasi terdiri dari 10 sampel. Parameter kualitatif yang diamati, yaitu lokasi kontaminasi, jenis kontaminan, warna dari eksplan setelah sterilisasi dan hari terakhir pengamatan, juga pengamatan pertumbuhan eksplan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis pada hari ke-30. Parameter kuantitatif adalah persentase kontaminasi, persentase jenis dan lokasi kontaminasi, dan kuantifikasi pertumbuhan eksplan berdasarkan persentase pertumbuhan dan jumlah cabang. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa metode sterilisasi I adalah metode yang lebih baik karena walaupun kontaminasi serendah 80%, tetapi eksplan masih dapat tumbuh pada hari ke-14 setelah tanam. Jenis kontaminasi yang paling umum ditemukan dalam kedua metode sterilisasi adalah bakteri dan jamur yang muncul dari internal. Eksplan gametofit dari Lopholejeunea sp. juga menunjukkan pertumbuhan bahkan dalam kondisi yang terkontaminasi, kecuali kontaminasi jamur tosca.

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ABSTRACT
In vitro culture of leafy moss gametophyte still faces obstacles in explant sterilization until now. This constraint is related to the simple structure of liverworts that can be easily damaged after exposure to disinfectants and high levels of culture contamination. This study aims to determine the sterilization method that is able to reduce contamination with high explant viability in the gamutophyte culture of liverworm Lopholejeunea sp. This study uses two different sterilization methods. The sterilization method I consisted of control and 6 treatment combinations with Bayclin concentration (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) with exposure time (60 seconds and 90 seconds) accompanied by the addition of 2.5 mg / ml tetracycline. The sterilization method II consisted of control and 2 treatment combinations of Bayclin concentration of 0.75% with exposure time (60 seconds and 90 seconds) accompanied by the addition of 35% alcohol, 1% Dithane, and tetracycline 2.5 mg / ml. Each sterilization method consists of 10 samples. Qualitative parameters were observed, namely the location of contamination, type of contaminant, the color of explants after sterilization and the last day of observation, also observations of explant growth macroscopically and microscopically on the 30th day. Quantitative parameters are the percentage of contamination, the percentage of species and locations of contamination, and the quantification of explant growth based on growth percentage and number of branches. The results obtained in this study are that the sterilization method I is a better method because even though contamination is as low as 80%, explants can still grow on the 14th day after planting. The most common types of contamination found in the two methods of sterilization are bacteria and fungi that arise from the internal. Gametophyte explants from Lopholejeunea sp. also shows growth even under contaminated conditions, except tosca mushroom contamination.

Abstrak :
Keberadaan bakteri Enterococci dan Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) di air sungai dapat menyebabkan infeksi apabila terpapar pada manusia. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi bakteri Total Enterococci di Sungai Ciliwung dan menganalisis kosentrasi Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) dan rasionya terhadap Total Enterococci (TE) dari hasil uji konfimasi dengan Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) menggunakan metode disk diffusion di Sungai Ciliwung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata – rata TE sebesar 129,67 CFU/100 mL dan 153,33 CFU/100 mL untuk intake IPA Kedung Halang dan intake IPA Legong. Hasil konsentrasi VRE terkonfirmasi dengan menggunakan metode AST menunjukkan presumptive VRE yang hasilnya tidak semua resistant. Konsentrasi VRE terkonfirmasi diperoleh dari hasil konsentrasi rata – rata VRE di intake IPA Kedung Halang sebesar 1,111 × 103 CFU/100 mL dan intake IPA Legong sebesar 0 CFU/100 mL. Rasio VRE yang menunjukkan intake IPA Kedung Halang (27,10%) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan intake IPA Legong (0%). ...... The presence of Enterococci bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Enterococci bacteria can cause various infections, one example is urinary tract infection (UTI). This study has the aim of analyzing the concentration of Total Enterococci bacteria in the Ciliwung River and analyzing the concentration of Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) and its ratio to Total Enterococci from the results of the confrimation test with the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) using the disk diffusion method in the Ciliwung River. The method used in this study is for the concentration of total Enterococci using the membrane filtration method and the test results confirmed VRE with the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) using the disk diffusion method. The results of the research that has been done show the average TE is Kedung Halang IPA intake 129.67 CFU/100 mL and Legong IPA intake 153.33 CFU/100 mL. The results of confirmed presumptive VRE using the AST method show presumptive VRE whose results are not all resistant. The confirmed VRE ratio was obtained from the results of the average VRE concentration at Kedung Halang IPA intake of 1.111 × 103 CFU/100 mL and Legong IPA intake of 0 CFU/100 mL. VRE ratio that shows Kedung Halang IPA intake (27.10%) greater than the Legong IPA intake (0%).

Abstrak :
Keberadaan bakteri Enterococci dan Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) di air sungai dapat menyebabkan infeksi apabila terpapar pada manusia. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi bakteri Total Enterococci di Sungai Ciliwung dan menganalisis kosentrasi Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) dan rasionya terhadap Total Enterococci (TE) dari hasil uji konfimasi dengan Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) menggunakan metode disk diffusion di Sungai Ciliwung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata – rata TE sebesar 129,67 CFU/100 mL dan 153,33 CFU/100 mL untuk intake IPA Kedung Halang dan intake IPA Legong. Hasil konsentrasi VRE terkonfirmasi dengan menggunakan metode AST menunjukkan presumptive VRE yang hasilnya tidak semua resistant. Konsentrasi VRE terkonfirmasi diperoleh dari hasil konsentrasi rata – rata VRE di intake IPA Kedung Halang sebesar 1,111 × 103 CFU/100 mL dan intake IPA Legong sebesar 0 CFU/100 mL. Rasio VRE yang menunjukkan intake IPA Kedung Halang (27,10%) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan intake IPA Legong (0%). ...... The presence of Enterococci bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Enterococci bacteria can cause various infections, one example is urinary tract infection (UTI). This study has the aim of analyzing the concentration of Total Enterococci bacteria in the Ciliwung River and analyzing the concentration of Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) and its ratio to Total Enterococci from the results of the confrimation test with the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) using the disk diffusion method in the Ciliwung River. The method used in this study is for the concentration of total Enterococci using the membrane filtration method and the test results confirmed VRE with the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) using the disk diffusion method. The results of the research that has been done show the average TE is Kedung Halang IPA intake 129.67 CFU/100 mL and Legong IPA intake 153.33 CFU/100 mL. The results of confirmed presumptive VRE using the AST method show presumptive VRE whose results are not all resistant. The confirmed VRE ratio was obtained from the results of the average VRE concentration at Kedung Halang IPA intake of 1.111 × 103 CFU/100 mL and Legong IPA intake of 0 CFU/100 mL. VRE ratio that shows Kedung Halang IPA intake (27.10%) greater than the Legong IPA intake (0%).

Abstrak :
Kebutuhan manusia terhadap makanan merupakan salah satu isu pokok yang digagas oleh PBB dalam indikator ketercapaian Sutainable Development Goals SDGs. Makanan menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi manusia dan dapat juga menjadi sumber pembawa masalah kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan pengujian laboratorium. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa prilaku penjamah memenuhi syarat sebesar 92,86 , TPM yang memenuhi syarat sebesar 57,14, cara pengolahan makanan yang memenuhi syarat sebesar 92,86, peralatan makanan yang memenuhi syarat sebesar 100. Hasil Uji laboratorium didapatkan hasil usap tangan positif dan makanan yang positif E. coli sebesar 16,7. Hasil penelitian menyarankan kepada pengelola kantin melakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut terhadap makanan dan air besih, melakukan pelatihan terhadap penjamah, dan menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung praktik higiene sanitasi makanan.

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Human need for food is one of the key issues initiated by the UN in the indicators of achievement of Sutainable Development Goals SDGs. Food is a source of life for humans and can also be a source of health problems. This research uses descriptive research method. Data collection using interview method, observation, and laboratory testing. The result of the research showed that the behavior of eligible handlers was 92,86, eligible fulfillment requirement was 92,86, eligible food appliance was 100. Laboratory test results obtained positive hand swabs and E. coli positive foods of 16.7. The results suggested further examination of food and water, training of handlers, and creating environments that support hygiene practices food sanitation.

Abstrak :
Composite resin are restorative materials having color similar to teeth and have been widely used in dentistry. The successful application of composite resin influences the duration of the restoration in the oral cavity. The aim of this research is to describe the influence of artificial saliva contamination and the application of re-conditioning on tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin. In the control group, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and composite resin were restored on the dentin. In the group with artificial saliva contamination without re-conditioning, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and then contaminated with artificial saliva, dried and then restired with composite resin. While the group with artificial saliva contamination with re-conditioning, the dentin were etched, bonding were applied and contaminated with artificial saliva, and then etched and applied bonding agent and restored composite resin.Bond strength test used “Universal testing machine, AG 5000. The results showed that highest value of tensile bond strength of composite resin to dentin was at the control group. It can be concluded that artificial saliva contamination decreased tensile bond strength while re-conditioning application increased it.

Abstrak :
KLB keracunan pangan di sekolah umumnya diduga disebabkan oleh pangan jajanan anak sekolah (PJAS) yang terkontaminasi bakteri patogen akibat praktek higiene sanitasi yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan higiene sanitasi pangan pedagang PJAS dengan status cemaran mikrobiologi PJAS di sekolah dasar di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang  dilakukan di tujuh Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat, yaitu Kota Cirebon, Kota Depok, Kota Tasikmalaya, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Kabupaten Ciamis, Kabupaten Cirebon, dan Kabupaten Kuningan. Status cemaran mikrobiologi PJAS diperoleh dari data sekunder uji kualitas mikrobiologi PJAS sedangkan status higiene sanitasi pangan pedagang diperoleh dari data sekunder inspeksi kesehatan lingkungan (IKL) pedagang PJAS yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota. Subjek penelitian adalah 105 pedagang PJAS di sekolah dasar yang menjadi sasaran IKL dari tujuh Kabupaten/Kota. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Pedagang yang tidak memenuhi syarat higiene sanitasi pangan berisiko 1.93 kali untuk mengalami cemaran mikrobiologi PJAS dibandingkan dengan pedagang yang memenuhi syarat higiene sanitasi pangan setelah dikontrol pembinaan sebelum inspeksi dan keterlibatan pedagang dalam kursus higiene sanitasi. Pembinaan pedagang PJAS merupakan intervensi kesehatan lingkungan yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan praktek higiene sanitasi pangan pedagang sehingga mencegah terjadinya cemaran mikrobiologi PJAS. ......Food poisoning outbreaks in schools are generally estimated to be caused by microbiologically contaminated foods due to poor hygiene sanitation practices. This study aimed to determine the association of food vendors hygiene sanitation with food microbiological contamination status in primary schools in West Java Province year 2016-2018. This study used the cross-sectional design which was conducted in 7 regencies/municipalities in West Java Province, namely Cirebon Municipality, Depok Municipality, Tasikmalaya Municipality, West Bandung, Ciamis, Cirebon, and Kuningan. Food microbiological contamination status was obtained from food microbiological quality test while food vendors hygiene sanitation status was obtained from food vendors environmental health inspections in primary schools conducted by Local Health Office. The subjects were 105 food vendors in elementary schools from seven regencies/municipalities who are subjected to environmental health inspections. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed. Food vendors who did not meet hygiene sanitation requirements were at risk 1.93 times to experience food microbiological contamination compared to food vendors who meet hygiene sanitation requirements after controlled by fostering food vendors before inspection and food vendors involvement in hygiene sanitation training. Fostering food vendors is important environmental health intervention to improve hygiene sanitation practices to prevent food microbiological contamination occurs.

Abstrak :
Preservation involves a complex of activities including climate, air-quality, and surface control, as well as microbiological control, which is a key part of preserving and protecting library collections. The preservation and protection of library collections examines microbiological control for preservation of library and archival collections. The book comprises nine sections that cover three aspects: microbiology, surveying, and the response required. Chapters in this title cover the nature of the library collections, physical and chemicals factors and their impact on microbiological issues, as well as biological factors and methods of microbiological control of the air and objects. Later chapters examine methods of object disinfection, disaster response, methods of microbiological control and evaluation of collections, and includes a vocabulary guide, appendices, literature information and references.