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Abstrak :
Seiring peningkatan kebutuhan infrastruktur yang maju disertai penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang berwawasan lingkungan, tidak dapat dihindari pembangunan konstruksi di atas lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa nilai CBR dan nilai DCP tanah gambut daerah Kecamatan Kayu Agung, Sumatera Selatan pada kondisi unsoaked, terhadap penambahan mikroorganisme selulolitik potensial asli. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan metode pencampuran secara konvensional dengan alat penyemprot dengan volume pencampuran (satuan liter) sebanyak 10% dari berat tanah (satuan kg). Setelah dilakukan fermentasi selama 30 dan 45 hari terjadi peningkatan nilai CBR unsoaked dan penurunan nilai DCP unsoaked dari kondisi asli namun perubahan yang terjadi tidak signifikan. ......Along with the increase of advanced infrastructure needs and application of green science and technology, constructions on peatland is undeniable. This research aims to increase CBR value and to decrease DCP value for improving support capability of peat soil. Addition of potential cellulolytic potential microorganisms is a kind of natural solution for faster improvement on mechanical property of peat soil. In this research, the mixing is conventionally by using sprayer with microorganisms volume as much as 10% of soil mass (in litre unit). After fermentation of 30 and 45 days, it shows increase of CBR value and decrease of DCP value from its initial condition yet the results obtained is still in bad condition.

Abstrak :
Tujuan Menunjukkan adanya A. anitratus pada isolat klinik (darah) yang berasal dari pasien rawat di rumah sakit di Jakarta selama periode 2002-2008 dan pola sensitivitas mikroorganisme ini terhadap antibiotika. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif dari semua spesimen darah yang masuk ke laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (LMK-FKUI) dari tahun 2002-2008. Kultur dan pemeriksaan kepekaan terhadap antibiotik dilakukan berdasarkan praktek standar di LMK-FKUI dan Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute pada tahun yang bersangkutan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan program WHO-NET 5.4. Semua mikroorganisme Gram negative yang diisolasi dari spesimen darah ditabulasi juga termasuk dengan uji kepekaan A. anitratus terhadap antibiotik. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis terhadap asal spesimen atau dari institusi mana spesimen tersebut berasal. Hasil A. anitratus merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang paling banyak diisolasi selama tujuh tahun sejak 2002 sampai 2008 dari spesimen darah, dan selalu ditemukan setiap tahunnya. Hampir 50% bakteri yang diisolasi terdiri dari bakteri tersebut dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan keduanya adalah bakteri lingkungan. Pemeriksaan kepekaan bakteri A. anitratus terhadap antibiotik menunjukkan adanya resistensi terhadap beberapa antibiotik yang diuji. Evaluasi asal spesimen darah menunjukan sebagai berikut: 88 spesimen (74%) berasal dari Rumah Sakit pemerintah, 18 spesimen (15%) dari Rumah Sakit swasta, 3 spesimen (3%) dari pasien praktek dokter dan 10 spesimen (8%) tidak diketahui asalnya. Kesimpulan Ditemukan A.anitratus setiap tahun sejak 2002 sampai 2008 dari spesimen darah dari pasien rawat inap di beberapa Rumah Sakit di Jakarta. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mencari faktor resiko bakteremia A. anitratus agar dapat mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya infeksi rumah sakit. Selain itu sangat dianjurkan untuk melanjutkan sampai tahap genotyping untuk menentukan hubungan antara strain yang ada di Rumah Sakit dengan strain yang diisolasi dari pasien.

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Abstract
Aim To report the presence of environmental microorganisms, A. anitratus, in blood of hospitalized patients in Jakarta from 2002 to 2008 and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods A Retrospective study w as performed on all blood specimens that were received in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (CML) Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia during 2002-2008. Culture and antimicrobialsusceptibility examination were carried out according to up to date standard practice in CML and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute, recpectively. Data was collected by WHONET 5.4 program. All Gram-negative microorganisms that were isolated from blood specimens were tabulated, and so the antibiotics susceptibility of A. anitratus. The origin of the specimens in term of institutions where the specimens came from was also analyzed. Results In a 7 year period up to 2008, A. anitratus was found in blood specimens, and these invironmental bacteria were in fact the most predominant isolated Gram negative microorganisms. Together with another environmental microorganism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it composed nearly 50%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of this microorganism showed some degree of resistance to all tested antibiotics. The origin of those blood specimens which yielded A. anitratus were mainly from government-owned hospitals, that was 88 specimens (74%), followed by private hospitals (18 specimens, 15%), individuals (3 specimens, 3%), and unknown source (10 specimens, 8%). Conclusion Persistent occurrence of A. anitratus in blood specimens of hospitalized patients in hospitals in Jakarta was observed. In the near future, a study to fi nd risk factors for the acquisition of A. anitratus bacteremia is needed to reduce potential hospital associated infection. Moreover, genotyping is advised in order to determine the relationship of hospital and patient derived strains.

Abstrak :
Kualitas udara mikrobiologis pada lingkungan proses pembelajaran perlu diperhatikan terkait dengan risiko kesehatan dan tingkat produktivitas terutama untuk mahasiswa yang melakukan kegiatan dalam waktu yang lama di dalam ruangan kelas. Oleh karena itu penting untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai udara mikrobiologis di dalam ruang kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Gedung K Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini memiliki empat tujuan yaitu: 1.) Mengetahui intensitas cahaya di dalam ruang kelas di Gedung K FTUI 2.) Mengetahui konsentrasi udara mikrobiologis di dalam ruangan dengan parameter konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur 3.) Menganalisis perbedaan konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur pada ruangan-ruangan yang memiliki intensitas cahaya yang berbeda 4.) Menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap konsentrasi mikrobiologis bakteri dan jamur di udara dalam ruangan. Sampel udara diambil dengan metode impaction dengan alat EMS impactor single stage type Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor dan metode enumerasinya TPC. Parameter lingkungan dan fisik yang diukur pada saat pengambilan sampel di lokasi adalah suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya dan nilai pertukaran udara dengan rentang pengukuran 20-28°C, 41,9-84,6%, 103-279 lux dan 1-8-h. Hasil enumerasi pada penelitian menunjukan kisaran konsentrasi mikrobiologis sebesar 30-3188 CFU/m3 untuk bakteri dan 47-1869 CFU/m3 untuk jamur. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan Intensitas cahaya pada Gedung K FTUI tidak ada yang memenuhi baku mutu dengan angka 250 lux. Konsentrasi bioaerosol pada 3 kelas tidak memenuhi baku mutu bakteri yaitu 700 CFU/m3 untuk jamur tidak ada yang melebihi baku mutu 1000 CFU/m3. Uji Anova pada ruang yang memiliki perbedaan intensitas cahaya ditemukan adanya perbedaan konsentrasi bioaerosol dengan nilai Fhitung ­8,553 dan 11,015 untuk bakteri dan jamur. Berdasarkan nilai korelasi, faktor lingkungan yang dominan dalam mempengaruhi konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur pada Gedung K FTUI adalah jumlah orang (0,538 dan 0,433) dan nilai pertukaran udara (-0,452 dan -0,489), sementara suhu (0,146 dan 0,192) dan kelembaban (0,171 dan 0,003) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. ......The microbial air quality for an educational environment needs to have an assessment related to its health risk and productivity level spesifically for students whose activities were mostly spent indoor in a long period of time. Hence it is important to do research on microbial air inside a classroom. This research is done in Building K of Engineering Faculty of Universitas Indonesia. This research has four goals which are: 1.) To determine the light intensity of the classrooms of Building K of Engineering Faculty of Universitas Indonesia 2.) To determine microbial concentration of the indoor air with bacteria and fungi as the parameters 3.) To analyze the difference of bacterial and fungal concentration on rooms with different light intensity 4.) To analyze the effect of environmental factors to indoor bacterial and fungal concentration. The air sample was taken with EMS impactor single stage type Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor. The environmental factors that were measured while the sampling was took place on set are temperatures, humidity, light intensity, and air change rate which have range of measurement 20-28°C, 41,9-84,6%, 103-279 lux, and 1-8-h respectively. The result from the bacterial concentration enumeration is in range of 30-3188 CFU/m3 and for the fungal concentration rate is in range of 47-1869 CFU/m3. There were 3 rooms with bacterial concentration surpassed the level limit required which was 700 CFU/m3. The fungal concentration the limit was 1000 CFU/m3 and no rooms reached the concentration limit. The light intensity on the tested building were all on below 250 lux which was the requirement. Through Anova test, with Fcalculation of 8,553 and 11,015 it was found that there was a difference level on the bacterial and fungal concentration on rooms with different light intensity. According to the Pearson correlation value from the correlation test environmental factors that were dominating on this research are human population (0,538 and 0,433) and air change rates (-0,452 and -0,489), while there is no significance correlation found on temperature (0,146 and 0,192) and humidity (0,171 and 0,003).

Abstrak :
Produk perawatan kesehatan kulit berbasis mikrobial khususnya postbiotik bakteri tengah dikembangkan karena mampu menjaga homeostasis mikrobiota kulit dan mencegah reaksi imunogenisitas. Postbiotik bakteri yang digunakan adalah berupa sel lisat terdiri dari bakteri asam laktat komensal kulit Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J, Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J, dan Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J yang berhasil diisolasi oleh peneliti terdahulu. Penggabungan beberapa bakteri menjadi bentuk koktail yang diproses menjadi lisat memiliki aktivitas lebih kuat sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan aktif produk perawatan kulit. Lisat koktail perlu dilakukan pengeringan agar kualitas fisikokimia dan aktivitasnya terjaga serta terlindung dari degradasi akibat pengaruh molekul air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi fisikokimia, aktivitas, mengevaluasi stabilitas, dan merekomendasikan metode pengeringan untuk lisat koktail. Pengujian fisikokimia meliputi organoleptik, pH, kandungan lembab, distribusi ukuran partikel serta aktivitas penangkalan radikal bebas selama 12 pekan. Hasil menunjukkan serbuk lisat koktail kering semprot memiliki karakteristik yang halus, homogen, berwarna putih, higroskopis, beraroma khas inulin. Rentang pH 7,64-7,93, kandungan lembab 6,45-14,32%, ukuran partikel 955-1470 nm, aktivitas antiradikal bebas (IC50) dengan rentang 755,26-1140,48 µg/mL. Serbuk lisat koktail kering beku bersifat lebih kasar, berwarna kuning pucat, saling memisah antar butiran, beraroma khas inulin. Rentang pH 7,61-7,97, kandungan lembab 6,44-12,17%, ukuran partikel 1410-2460 nm, aktivitas antiradikal bebas (IC50) dengan rentang 513,53-859,21 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka metode pengeringan beku direkomendasikan untuk menghasilkan serbuk lisat koktail yang lebih stabil secara fisikokimia dan aktivitas antiradikal bebas yang lebih baik. ......Microbial-based skincare products, particularly bacterial postbiotics are currently being developed due to their ability to maintain skin microbiota homeostasis and prevent immunogenicity reaction. The postbiotics used are cell lysates consisting of skin commensal lactic acid bacteria Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J, Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J, Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J, and Bacillus subtilis MBF10- 19J which successfully isolated from previous study. The combination of bacterial strains into cocktail form which was processed into lysate raises a stronger activity so it can be potential to be developed as an active ingredient. Cocktail lysates need to be dried to protect the physicochemical quality and activity against degradation because of the existance of water molecules. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical, activity, evaluate the stability and recommend the drying method for cocktail lysates. Physicochemical parameters included organoleptic, pH, moisture content, particle size distribution, and radical scavenging activity for 12 weeks. Spray dried powder had smooth, homogeneous, white, hygroscopic, distinctive inulin aroma. The pH ranged from 7,64-7,93, moisture content 6,45-14,32%, particle size 955-1470 nm, radical scavenging activity (IC50) 755,26-1140,48 µg/mL. Freeze dried powder was coarser, pale yellow, separated between particles, had distinctive inulin aroma. The pH ranged from 7,61-7,97, moisture content 6,44-12,17%, particle size 1410-2460 nm, radical scavenging activity (IC50) 513,53-859,21 µg/mL. In conclusion, freeze drying is recommended to produce more stable cocktail lysate powders physicochemically and better antiradical activity.

Abstrak :
This brief discusses the impact of gold, silver, zinc oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles on the growth and viability of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterium. Moreover, it analyses the relationship between bacterial growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species generation, the regulation of transcriptional stress genomes, and the toxicity of these materials. Finally, it reviews the specific metallic nanomaterials and highlights their modes of synthesis, reactivity at surfaces, and the importance of assay procedures in determining their toxicity levels.

Abstrak :
Open mining activities result in decreased microbial biomass and negatively impacts soil fertility. Soil microbes play a role in the decomposition of soil organic matter and in nutrient cycles through the process of mineralization by the enzymes they produce. The purpose of this study was to analyse soil fertility levels in PT Bukit Asam’s various reclaimed land sites at Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia, as determined by these areas’ microbial populations and soil enzyme activity. The research was conducted by using the explorative method in PT Bukit Asam’s various reclaimed land. Soil sample from 7 different reclamation age area were analysed. Our results showed that soil conditions and soil enzyme activity vary by reclamation age. At KTU, a 12-year-old reclaimed land site, urease enzyme activity had a value of 68.83 mg NH4+.g-1dm.h-1 with a microbial population of 82.64 x 104 CFU.g-1soil. The highest phosphatase enzyme activity value of 95.66 mg pNP.g-1 dm.h-1 was found on the 9-year-old SP702 reclaimed land site, with a soil pH of 5.23. Cellulase enzyme activity on the 21-year-old Udongan reclaimed site had a value of 21.51 mg GE.g-1dm.h-1 with a cellulolytic microbial population of 1.9 x 104 CFU.g-1soil, higher than on other reclamation sites. Invertase enzyme activity on the 15-year-old Tupak reclaimed land site had a value of 24.37 mg GE.g-1dm.h-1. Soil enzyme activity can be an indicator of soil quality and soil microbial activity as it relates to all forms of biochemical transformations occurring in the soil and is highly sensitive to environmental changes.

Abstrak :
Effective and efficient preservation process is necessary in terms of increasing the fungal usage for industrial scale as biostarter. The objective of this study was to identify bentonite characteristic to be carrier to preserve of Rhizopus spore and to determine its viability after preservation process. The clay of bentonite characteristics were identified by BET (Brunaeur Emmett Teller) and SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) for determining surface properties and elements within the minerals, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) for identifying the mineral, and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) for determining chemical composition. The growth of microbial preserved in bentonite tablet after stored for 20, 40, and 60 days was identified by TPC (Total Plate Count). Bentonite has a main component as silica-SiO2 dan montmorillonit with some elements existence of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and silica (Si), and Sodium (Na). The spores after preserved need two days longer to grow back into the mycelium. Viability the spore after storage for 60 days could be revived 3.0´1010 CFU/g. The results suggest that bentonite could be used as carrier for the spore of Rhizopus.

Abstrak :
The microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a modification of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system. The microbial desalination cell is a sustainable technology to desalinate saltwater by directly utilizing the electrical power generated by bacteria during the oxidation process of organic matter. In this study, tempe wastewater will be used as a substrate. Methylene blue (MB) at concentrations of 100 ?M, 200 ?M, and 400 ?M in the anolyte is added as a redox mediator, and the effect on electricity production and desalination performance are evaluated. The average power density increases by 27.30% and 54.54% at MB concentrations of 100 ?M and 200 ?M, respectively. On the other hand, the increase of the MB concentration in the anolyte results in a decrease in the salt removal percentage. The observation made using a scanning electron microscope showed the presence of MB adsorption on the surface of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) and is suspected to be the cause of the disruption of anion transfer between MDC chambers causing a decrease in the salt removal percentage.

Abstrak :
Microbial Fuel Cel/ (IVIFC) adalan seperangkat alat yang mampu menguban energi kimia yang berasal dari metabolisme suatu mikroorganisme, menjadi energi Iistrik. |V|etabo|isme suatu mikroorganisme melibatkan transpor elektron di dalamnya, seningga dapat di manfaatkan untuk mengnasiikan listrik. Proses transpor elektron dari membran sei ke permukaan anoda dapat dibantu dengan penambanan mediator. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan Kultur Pseudomonas aeruginosa untuk memproduksi Iistrik dalam IVIFC, tanpa penambanan mediator dari luar sistem. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalan bakteri yang dapat mengnasilkan pigmen-pigmen berwarna knas. Salan satunya adalan pyocyanin, suatu pigmen biru nijau yang diperkirakan bersifat elektroaktif. Pyocyanin dapat dinasilkan olen P. aeruginosa pada media pertumbunan ekstrak tauge. Hasil uji voltametri siklik ternadap ekstrak pyocyanin menunjukkan banwa senyawa tersebut bersifat elektroaktif, dengan potensial oksidasi pada 0,21825 V dan potensial reduksi pada 0,147 V. Pengukuran Iistrik IVIFC dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kultur P. aeruginosa pada media ekstrak tauge dengan pyocyanin sebagai auto-mediator. Arus yang diperolen rata-rata sebesar 23 uA, serta voltase rata-rata sebesar 260 mV. Produksi Iistrik IVIFC dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi substrat glukosa sebesar 0,5 g/L; 1 g/L; 2,5 g/L; 3 glL dan 4 glL menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran berlangsung optimal penambahan glukosa sebesar 3 g/L

Abstrak :
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) merupakan sebuah perangkat elektrokimia yang memanfaatkan mikroorganisme untuk menghasilkan listrik dari hasil metabolisme dalam memecah senyawa oraganik. Limbah cair industri tempe berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai substrat MFC. Limbah cair industri tempe masih mengandung nutrisi yang tinggi untuk mikroba. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada sisi aspek pengolahan limbah ditentukan dari penurunan kadar COD dan BOD. Variasi dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi jenis larutan elektrolit, konsentrasi penambahan mediator, waktu pembentukan biofilm, dan penambahan bakteri gram selektif. Kinerja elektrolit yang paling bagus adalah Kalium Persulfat dibandingkan Natrium Klorida dengan penurunan COD dan BOD sebesar 23,07% dan 37,02%. Penambahan mediator dengan konsentrasi 20 g/L menghasilkan penurunan kadar COD dan BOD sebesar 25,92% dan 37,44%. Variasi berikutnya tidak menggunakan mediator ekstrak ragi karena meningkatkan kadar awal limbah secara signifikan. Waktu pembentukan biofilm optimum adalah 7 hari yang menghasilkan penurunan kadar COD dan BOD sebesar 18,2% dan 35,9%.Penambahan bakteri gram negatif sebanyak 5 mL menurunkan kadar COD dan BOD sebesar 29,32% dan 51,32%. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan penurunan kadar limbah yang lebih besar supaya dapat memenuhi baku mutu limbah. ...... Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is an electrochemical device that uses microorganisms to produce electricity from the metabolism in the breakdown of organic compounds. Industrial wastewater of tempeh is potential to be a MFC substrate. Tempe industrial wastewater contains high nutrient for microbes. This study focused on the aspects of waste treatment which is determined by decreased levels of COD and BOD. Variations in this study are electrolyte solutions, the concentration of yeast extract addition as mediator, the formation time of biofilm, and the addition of selective gram. Potassium Persulphate result better performance than Sodium Chloride with COD and BOD removal amounted to 23.07% and 37.02%. The addition of a mediator with a concentration of 20 g/L decrease COD and BOD levels by 25.92% and 37.44%. The next variation will not use yeast extract mediator because it enhances the initial level of wastes significantly. Biofilm formation optimum time is 7 days which decrease COD and BOD levels by 18.2% and 35.9%. The addition of gram negative bacteria decrease COD and BOD levels by 29,32% dan 51,32%. Further research is needed in order to get a better result on decreasing levels of COD and BOD.