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Abstrak :
Aktivitas antropogenik merupakan salah satu penyebab akumulasi logam berat tembaga (Cu) pada tanah. Kadar tembaga berlebih dapat menyebabkan toksisitas pada tanaman, salah satunya adalah tanaman jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan baku obat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian logam berat tembaga pada pertumbuhan dan mengetahui profil senyawa metabolomik rimpang jahe merah di bawah paparan tembaga (CuCl2) dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm (kontrol), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, dan 150 ppm. Penelitian yang bersifat eksperimental ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 4 perlakuan berbeda dengan 6 sampel pengulangan pada setiap perlakuan. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah laju pertumbuhan, kadar air rimpang, gejala toksisitas yang dialami tanaman, dan profil metabolomik yang dianalisis menggunakan HPLC dan dilakukan pengolahan data dengan Principal Component Analysis dan Hierarchical Component Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan dan gejala toksisitas pemberian logam tembaga mulai terlihat pada konsentrasi 100 ppm dan 150 ppm. Tanaman jahe merah mampu mentolerir hingga konsentrasi 50 ppm Cu dilihat dari pertumbuhan tanaman yang normal dan belum munculnya gejala toksisitas. Hasil pengolahan PCA dan HCA menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Cu 150 ppm memiliki profil metabolomik yang sangat berbeda dibanding perlakuan konsentrasi lainnya. ......Anthropogenic activity is one of the causes of copper accumulation in soil. Excess copper levels can cause toxicity to plants, one of which is red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) which is widely used by the community as a raw material for medicine. This research was conducted to study the effect of the administration of heavy metal copper on growth and to determine the red ginger profile of metabolites rhizomes under exposure of 0 ppm (control), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm CuCl2. This experimental research was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD), using 4 different treatments with 6 samples of repetition in each treatment. The growth parameters measured in this study were growth rate, rhizome water content, symptoms of toxicity experienced by plants, and metabolite profiles which were analysed using HPLC and processed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Component Analysis (HCA). The results showed that the growth rate and toxicity symptoms caused by copper began to be seen at concentrations of 100 ppm and 150 ppm. Red ginger plant can be tolerate 50 ppm concentration of Cu seen from normal plant growth and no sign of toxicity. The results by the clustering pattern of PCA and HCA showed that concentration of 150 ppm Cu had a very different metabolite profiles compared to other concentrations.

Abstrak :
Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13–19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides, and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum. A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice (Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management.

Abstrak :
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) adalah penyakit gangguan metabolisme yang menyebabkan regulasi insulin terganggu dan dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi penyakit ginjal diabetes (PGD). Saat ini, gold standard penilaian fungsi ginjal dilakukan berdasarkan parameter eGFR dan albuminuria, tetapi kedua parameter tersebut memiliki beberapa keterbatasan. Oleh karena itu, metode baru untuk deteksi dini fungsi ginjal dapat bermanfaat dalam upaya pencarian target terapi yang lebih tepat, salah satunya melalui pendekatan metabolomik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu melihat perbedaan profil metabolit serum pasien DMT2 risiko rendah (n=16) dan tinggi (n=16) PGD berdasarkan klasifikasi KDIGO 2022 yang mengonsumsi metformin-glimepirid. Desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu dan RSUD Jatipadang. Sebanyak total 32 partisipan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibandingkan profil metabolitnya berdasarkan kategori risiko PGD. Sampel darah, urin, serta data karakteristik dasar dan klinis dikumpulkan untuk analisis metabolomik. Analisis untargeted metabolomics dilakukan menggunakan LC/MS-QTOF dengan metode yang sudah tervalidasi. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan MetaboAnalyst 5.0 dan SPSS versi 24.0. Seluruh metabolit yang terdeteksi diidentifikasi oleh database Metlin, HMDB, PubChem, dan KEGG. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada seluruh karakteristik dasar dan klinis subjek penelitian. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada ekspresi metabolit antara dua kelompok sampel. Berdasarkan parameter VIP score >1; FC >1.2; p-value <0,05; AUC >0,65 yang ditetapkan, diperoleh tiga metabolit yang memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa biomarker dalam perkembangan PGD, yaitu acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK), phosphatydilinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), dan cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). Berdasarkan ketiga metabolit tersebut, tiga jalur metabolisme berhasil terdeteksi dan berpotensi terlibat dalam perkembangan PGD yaitu metabolisme triptofan, metabolisme fosfatidilinositol, serta metabolisme gliserofosfolipid.  ......Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder causing insulin regulation to be disrupted and may lead to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) complication. The current gold standard for assessing kidney function based on eGFR and albuminuria have some limitations. Therefore, a new method for assessing kidney function may be useful for a better therapeutic target discovery, such as through metabolomics approach. This study aims to compare the serum metabolite profiles of T2DM patients consuming metformin-glimepiride with low (n=16) and high (n=16) risk of DKD based on KDIGO 2022. A cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling method was carried out at Puskesmas Pasar Minggu and RSUD Jatipadang. A total of 32 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria were compared for their metabolite profiles. Blood, urine, baseline and clinical characteristics data were collected to perform untargeted metabolomics analysis using a validated LC/MS-QTOF method. Data processing was performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and SPSS 24.0. Metabolites were identified by Metlin, HMDB, PubChem, and KEGG databases. There were no significant differences among all basic and clinical characteristics of the participants. There were significant differences of metabolite expression between two sample groups. Based on the applied parameters VIP score >1; FC>1.2; p-value <0.05; AUC >0.65, three metabolites were found to have potential as biomarker in the development of DKD, namely acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK), phosphatydilinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). Based on these metabolites, three metabolic pathways were detected and found to be potentially involved in the development of DKD, namely tryptophan metabolism, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism.