Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Salah satu contoh penelitian yang dilakukan di dunia medis adalah membandingkan mean suatu variabel pada dua treatment yang berbeda. Jika penelitian seperti itu dilakukan beberapa kali, baik oleh peneliti yang berbeda, waktu yang berbeda, tempat yang berbeda, maupun menggunakan sampel yang berbeda, maka ada kemungkinan akan didapatkan kesimpulan yang berbeda pula. Bisa saja ada penelitian yang menghasilkan kesimpulan adanya perbedaan mean, ada pula penelitian yang menghasilkan kesimpulan tidak adanya perbedaan mean. Karenanya perlu dicari inferensi gabungan untuk beda mean. Metode yang digunakan adalah meta-analisis untuk beda mean. Tugas akhir ini membahas meta-analisis guna mencari inferensi gabungan untuk beda mean. ......One kind of research which often done in medical field is to compare variable mean between two different treatments. If this kind of research is done for several times, observed by different researchers, time, place, and/or using different samples, then statistical inferences for ‘mean differences’ in each research are not necessarily the same. This research may lead us to the two types of conclusion: the difference in the mean and no differences mean. Therefore, it is necessary to find a joint statistical inference for mean differences. The method used was a meta-analysis of mean differences. This final project discussed the meta-analysis for mean differences.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan studi meta-analisis terhadap penelitian empiris tentang hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kemampuan memaafkan. Metode meta-analisis Glassian dan koreksi kesalahan samping dari Hunter dan Schmidt digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan ini. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 152 studi dari 11 penelitian empiris tentang hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kemampuan memaafkan (N=32.901), yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 1993 hingga tahun 2008, untuk dianalisis dalam meta-analisis ini. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan yang positif signifikan antara religisitas dengan kemampuan memaafkan, tetapi tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara regiligiusitas dengan tidak memaafkan.

Abstrak :
The subject of the book is advanced statistical analyses for quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), and selected practical issues relating to research synthesis. Specifically the book describes multivariate analyses for several indices commonly used in meta-analysis (e.g., correlations, effect sizes, proportions and/or odds ratios), will outline how to do power analysis for meta-analysis (again for each of the different kinds of study outcome indices), and examines issues around research quality and research design and their roles in synthesis. For each of the statistical topics we will examine the different possible statistical models (i.e., fixed, random, and mixed models) that could be adopted by a researcher.

Abstrak :
Modern meta-analyses do more than combine the effect sizes of a series of similar studies. Meta-analyses are currently increasingly applied for any analysis beyond the primary analysis of studies, and for the analysis of big data. This 26-chapter book was written for nonmathematical professionals of medical and health care, in the first place, but, in addition, for anyone involved in any field involving scientific research. The authors have published over twenty innovative meta-analyses from the turn of the century till now. This edition will review the current state of the art, and will use for that purpose the methodological aspects of the authors' own publications, in addition to other relevant methodological issues from the literature. Are there alternative works in the field? Yes, there are, particularly in the field of psychology. Psychologists have invented meta-analyses in 1970, and have continuously updated methodologies. Although very interesting, their work, just like the whole discipline of psychology, is rather explorative in nature, and so is their focus to meta-analysis. Then, there is the field of epidemiologists. Many of them are from the school of angry young men, who publish shocking news all the time, and JAMA and other publishers are happy to publish it. The reality is, of course, that things are usually not as bad as they seem. Finally, some textbooks, written by professional statisticians, tend to use software programs with miserable menu programs and requiring lots of syntax to be learnt. This is prohibitive to clinical and other health professionals.

Abstrak :
Tujuan utama studi ini adalah melihat karakteristik intervensi yang efektif (yang melibatkan orang tua) dalam meningkatkan kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja. Pencarian studi dilakukan pada 4 (empat) database systematic reviews: Health Evidence, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Community Guide, dan Effective Public Health Practice Project. Hasil studi dituliskan dalam narrative summary. Analisis terhadap 5 (lima) systematic review dan 1 (satu) meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwaintervensi yang melibatkan orang tua efektif meningkatkan komunikasi orang tua-remaja mengenai kesehatan sexual, meningkatkan outcome kognitif remaja, dan menurunkan prilaku seksual beresiko pada remaja. Efektifitas intervensi lebih tinggi dan konsisten pada intervensi yang berfokus pada outcome jangka pendek dibandingakn outcome jangka panjang (prilaku beresiko). Karakteristik intervensi yang efektif meliputi intervensi yang didesain sesuai konteks budaya setempat, adanya sesi gabungan orang tua dengan anak remaja, dan kesempatan (bagi orang tua) berlatih keterampilan baru. Hasil studi ini dapat menjadi masukan berarti bagi perencana kesehatan dan pemangku kebijakan dalam menyempurnakan intervensi serupa di Indonesia dalam rangka meningkatkan akses dan informasi kesehatan seksual dan reproduksi remaja.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan. Adenoma pituitari atau pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) meliputi 10% hingga 15% dari seluruh tumor intrakranial. Sekitar 30%-40% pasien adenoma pituitari membutuhkan tatalaksana pembedahan. Dari pasien yang dilakukan operasi tersebut sekitar 25%-40% memiliki luaran yang kurang baik seperti menginvasi secara lokal, resisten terhadap terapi konvensional, memiliki tingkat rekurensi yang tinggi serta dapat mengalami metastasis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah faktor-faktor klinikopatologi tertentu yaitu ukuran adenoma, tipe/ subtipe adenoma, sifat invasif, sifat proliferatif (Ki-67, mitosis, dan p53), dan grade adenoma mempengaruhi luaran yang agresif pada adenoma pituitari pasca operasi. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi meta analisis dengan menggunakan sumber data elektronik maupun pencarian manual. Studi-studi yang disertakan adalah studi observasional. Pemilihan studi didasarkan pada strategi penelusuran literatur sesuai panduan PRISMA dan kriteria eligibilitas yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Variabel bebas yang dinilai antara lain ukuran adenoma, tipe/ subtipe, sifat invasif, sifat proliferatif, ki-67, tingkat mitosis, p53, dan grade. Luaran yang dinilai adalah agresivitas pasca operasi yang terdiri atas rekurensi atau progresi. Penilaian kualitas dan risiko bias pada tiap studi terpilih mengunakan perangkat Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Analisis data dilakukan baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Semua tahapan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan oleh setidaknya 2 peneliti. Hasil. Dari 736 studi awal yang terjaring terdapat 10 studi terpilih. Jumlah subjek penelitian 2727 orang dengan 632 orang kasus. Durasi pemantauan berkisar antara 3 hingga 11 tahun. Seluruh studi memiliki kualitas sedang hingga baik. Meta analisis dilakukan pada masing-masing variabel bebas terhadap agresivitas adenoma pituitari pasca operasi dengan hasil ukuran adenoma ≥10mm dengan <10mm OR 1,79 (CI 1,29-2,48), tipe kortikotrof dengan non kortikotrof OR 1,91 (CI 1,41-2,58), sifat invasif dengan non invasif OR 3,67 (CI 1,95-6,90), sifat proliferatif dengan non proliferatif OR 4,78 (CI 3,61-6,32), Ki-67 ≥ 3% dengan < 3% OR 4,13 (CI 2,94-5,81), tingkat mitosis > 2 dengan ≤2 OR 3,91 (CI 2,74-5,57), p53 positif dengan negatif OR 1,92 (CI 1,28-2,90), dan grade 2b dengan non 2b OR 4,56 (CI 3,0-6,91). Simpulan. Faktor-faktor klinikopatologi tertentu yaitu ukuran adenoma, tipe/ subtipe adenoma, sifat invasif, sifat proliferatif (Ki-67, mitosis, dan p53), dan grade adenoma mempengaruhi luaran yang agresif pada adenoma pituitari pasca operasi. ......Introduction. Pituitary adenoma/ pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) comprise of 10% up to 15% of intracranial tumor. About 30%-40% of pituitary adenoma patients need surgery. For those who have undergone surgery about 25%- 40% will have bad outcomes like locally invasive, resistant to conventional treatment, high rate of recurrence, and malignant tendency. The aim of this study was to determine whether certain clinicopathologic factors consisting of size, type/ subtype, invasiveness, proliferative (ki-67, mitotic rate, and p53), and grade influenced the aggressive outcome of post-operative pituitary adenoma. Methods. This meta-analysis study used electronic and manual data source. Included studies were observational studies. Study selection was based to literature searching strategy according to PRISMA guideline and predetermined eligibility criteria. Independent variables reviewed were size, type/ subtype, invasiveness, proliferative, ki-67, mitotic rate, p53, and grade. Outcome reviewed were postoperative aggressiveness comprised of recurrence or progressive. Quality and risk of bias assessment to each study included were based on Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Data analysis was carried out both qualitatively and quantitatively. All stages in this study were carried out by at least 2 reviewers. Results. Of the 736 initial studies, 10 were selected. The number of research subjects were 2727 people with 632 cases. The duration of monitoring ranged from 3 to 11 years. All studies had moderate to good quality. Meta-analysis were carried out on each independent variable on the aggressiveness of post-operative pituitary adenoma with the results were size ≥10mm vs <10mm OR 1,79 (CI 1,29-2,48), corticotroph vs non-corticotroph OR 1,91 (CI 1,41-2,58), invasive vs non-invasive OR 3,67 (CI 1,95-6,90), proliferative vs non proliferative OR 4,78(CI 3,61-6,32), Ki-67 ≥ 3% vs < 3% OR 4,13 (CI 2,94-5,81), mitotic rate > 2 vs ≤2 OR 3,91 (CI 2,74-5,57), p53 positive vs negative OR 1,92 (CI1,28-2,90), and grade 2b vs non 2b OR 4,56 (CI 3,0-6,91). Conclusions. Certain clinicopathologic factors consisting of size, type/ subtype, invasiveness, proliferative (ki-67, mitotic rate, and p53), and grade influenced the aggressive outcome of post-operative pituitary adenoma.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
In a Journal of Personality and Social Psychology article, Sedikides, Gaertner and Vevea (2005) presented two meta-analyses that include eight papers to investigate the question of whether people from Eastern cultures self-enchance more for traits that they view to be important compared to those that they view as unimportant. The results supported their hypotesis: Self-enchancement appears to be pancultural. However, this conclusion is severely compromised by six relevant papaers that are not included in their meta-analyses. Importantly, all of these six studies contradicted their hyphotesis. When complete meta-analyses are conducted which include all of the relevant papers, a very different pattern of results emerges. Eastern and Western cultures do not differ from each other in the pattern of their self-enchancement of independent and interdependent traits. Furthermore, whereas Westerners self-enchanced significantly more for traits that they viewed to be especially important, East Asians did not. Contrary to the Sedikides et al. (2005) suggestion, the existing evidence suggests substantial cross-cultural variation in self-enchancement, with Westeners being far more self-enchancing than Easterners. Reasons for the conflicting pattern of findings across methods and meta-analyses are discussed.