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"Latar belakang : nevus melanositik didapat (NM) adalah salah satu kelainan pigmentasi melanositik yang dapat menjadi prekursor potensial melanoma. Telah diketahui bahwa tipe kulit putih merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya melanoma. Pola dermoskopi NM pada populasi kulit putih memiliki gambaran dermoskopik yang berbeda pada setiap tipe kulit (tipe I ? IV) menurut klasifikasi Fitzpatrick. Belum pernah dilaporkan perbedaan gambaran dermoskopik pada tipe kulit orang Indonesia yang umumnya berkulit sawo matang dengan tipe kulit IV dan V. Dianggap penting untuk mengetahui karakteristik gambaran klinis dan dermoskopik NM pada tipe kulit orang Indonesia yang meliputi tipe kulit III, IV dan V. Metode : penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang, pada 96 subyek penelitian (SP) dewasa (usia 18-60 tahun) di Poliklinik IKKK RSCM Jakarta terbagi merata untuk setiap tipe kulit III, IV dan V. Dilakukan pemeriksaan gambaran klinis dan dermoskopik NM pada tiap SP. Gambaran klinis yang dinilai adalah morfologi klinis dan warna lesi. Hasil : didapatkan gambaran klinis NM yang paling banyak adalah lesi datar (88,44%), berwarna cokelat gelap (51,43%), dengan median ukuran 2 mm. Pola dermoskopik yang paling banyak ditemukan pada seluruh lesi NM adalah retikular (33,40%). Terdapat proporsi dan kecenderungan yang semakin meningkat pada pola retikular dengan meningkatnya kegelapan tipe kulit orang Indonesia (tipe kulit IV terhadap tipe kulit III OR 1,4 (95% CI 0,5-4,0); tipe kulit V terhadap tipe kulit III OR 1,7 (95% CI 0,6-4,8)). Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan gambaran klinis NM pada tiap tipe kulit orang Indonesia. Terdapat perbedaan pola dermoskopik pada tipe retikular dengan proporsi yang makin meningkat sesuai dengan tipe kulit yang makin gelap.

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Background : Acquired melanocytic nevi (MN) is one of melanocytic pigmentation disorder, which can be a potential precursor of melanoma. Fair skin type has been known as one of the risk factor for melanoma. The dermoscopic pattern of MN in white population is different among the skin types (type I ? IV) according to Fitzpatrick?s classification. The difference in dermoscopic pattern of MN among the skin types of Indonesian people, which commonly dark brown with types IV and V, has not been reported. It is important to know the clinical characteristics and dermoscopic pattern of MN in Indonesian people skin types, which includes the skin types of III, IV and V.

Method : We performed a cross sectional study in 96 adult patients (18-60 years old), distributed equally for each skin type III, IV and V, at the Dermatovenereology outpatient clinic Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta. Each subject was examined for clinical and dermoscopic pattern. Clinical characteristic include clinical morfology and color.

Result : The study found that the most frequent clinical characteristics of MN were planar lesion (88.44 %), dark brown color (53.43%), with median size 2 mm. The most frequent dermoscopic pattern in all MN lesions was reticular (33.40 %). There was increasing proportion and odds within reticular pattern with the increase of skin?s darkness of Indonesian people (skin type IV to type III with OR 1.4 (95% CI 0.5-4.0); skin type V to type III with OR 1.7 (95% CI 0.6-4.8), respectively).

Conclusion : Clinical characteristics were not significantly different among the skin types of Indonesian people. There was difference on dermoscopic pattern within the reticular type, showing an increase of its proportion in accordance with the darker skin types."

"Tirosinase merupakan suatu enzim yang mengkatalisis proses melanogenesis dalam pembentukan pigmen melanin. Produksi melanin yang berlebihan (hiperpigmentasi) dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penggelapan warna kulit. Pengontrolan produksi melanin dapat dilakukan dengan cara menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase. Minyak biji markisa kuning diduga memiliki efek terhadap pencerahan kulit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi penghambatan aktivitas tirosinase serta menentukan parameter kualitas minyak biji markisa kuning. Pengujian penghambatan tirosinase oleh minyak biji markisa kuning dilakukan dengan mengukur serapan L-dopakrom pada panjang gelombang 490 nm. Minyak biji markisa kuning memiliki nilai IC50 195,342 μg/mL. Pengujian kinetika enzim melalui plot Lineweaver-Burk menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji markisa memiliki penghambatan kompetitif. Hasil penentuan parameter minyak biji markisa menunjukkan hasil bobot jenis 0,8912 g/cm3, indeks bias 1,472, bilangan asam 53,962 mgNaOH/g, bilangan penyabunan 186,64 mgKOH/g, bilangan iodium 375,5 g I2/ 100 g minyak, bilangan hidroksil 239,38 mg/g dan zat tidak tersabunkan 1,169, dan mengandung saponin, tanin, serta glikosida.

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Tyrosinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the process of melanogenesis which in case of excessive melanin production (hyperpigmentation) may causes darkening of skin color. Melanin production can be controlled by the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme. Yellow passion fruit seeds was investigated had an effect on the skin whitening. This research used to determined the potential inhibition of tyrosinase activity from yellow passion fruit seed oil and determined parameters of the yellow passion fruit seed oil. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity test from yellow passion fruit seed oil was done by measuring the wavelength of dopachrome at 490 nm.

The test showed that yellow passion fruit seed oil had IC50 values of 195.342 μg/mL. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by a Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that yellow passion fruit seed oil was a noncompetitive inhibitor. Passion fruit seed oil had density of 0.8912 of g/cm3, refractive index of 1.472, acid value of 53.962 mgNaOH/g, saponification value 186.64 of mg/g, iodine value of 375.5 g I2/ 100 g oil, hydroxyl value of 239.38 mg/g, unsaponifiable matter of 1.169, and contained saponins, tannins, and glycosides."

"Latar Belakang : Melanoma malignum (MM) merupakan tumor ganas yang berasaldari proliferasi sel melanosit dan dapat ditemukan pada kulit, mukosa dan okular. Angka mortalitas MM cukup tinggi, terutama pada stadium lanjut yang ditandai dengan metastasis. Metastasis MM dipengaruhi berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat berbeda pada MM kulit, mukosa dan okular, salah satunya yaitu proses imunologi tumor yang dapat dinilai dari Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL). Komponen TIL yang berperan dalam proses penghindaran sistem imun pada MM adalah sel T regulator dengan penanda yang paling spesifik sampai saat ini adalah Foxp3. Hubungan Foxp3 dengan stadium MM masih kontroversial dan sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai hubungan Foxp3 pada TIL dengan stadium MM di Indonesia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik klinikopatologik dan ekspresi Foxp3 pada TIL dengan stadium MM. Metode: Penelitian analitik pada sediaan MM di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM selama periode Januari 2010 hingga Desember 2021. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan secara total sampling dari kasus yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sesuai perhitungan besar sampel untuk masing-masing kelompok. Pemeriksaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi primer monoklonal Foxp3. Data imunoekspresi dianalisis untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan stadium MM. Hasil: Didapatkan 54 kasus MM, 19 kasus diantaranya merupakan MM kulit, 29 kasus MM okular, dan 6 kasus MM mukosa. Mayoritas kasus (63%) merupakan stadium lanjut.Tebal tumor dan mitosis berhubungan dengan stadium klinis MM kulit dan keseluruhan.Jenis kelamin perempuan, tebal tumor >2 mm, mitosis >16/10 LPB, adanya invasi limfovaskular dan invasi perineural umumnya mempunyai ekspresi Foxp3 yang rendah.Pada MM kulit dan MM keseluruhan, ekspresi Foxp3 yang rendah ditemukan padastadium klinis lanjut meskipun tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan.Kesimpulan: Tebal tumor dan mitosis berhubungan dengan stadium klinis MM kulit dan keseluruhan. Karakteristik klinikopatologik tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan ekspresi Foxp3

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Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) is a malignant tumor originating from

proliferation of melanocyte cells and can be found in skin, mucosa and ocular. The

mortality rate for malignant melanoma is quite high, especially at advanced stage

characterized by metastases. Various risk factors can predispose MM into metastases,

which can be different in cutaneous, mucosal and ocular MM, one of which is the

immunological process of the tumor which can be assessed from Tumor Infiltrating

Lymphocyte (TIL). TIL components that play a role in the process of avoiding the immune

system in malignant melanoma are regulatory T cells, whose the most specific marker so

far is Foxp3. The association of Foxp3 with clinical stage of malignant melanoma is still

controversial and until now there has been no research on the association of Foxp3 in

TIL with clinical stage of MM in Indonesia.

Aims: This study aims to determine the association between clinicopathological

characteristics and Foxp3 expression in TIL with MM clinical stage.

Methods: Analytic study on malignant melanoma diagnosed at Anatomical Pathology

Department FKUI/RSCM during January 2010 until December 2021. Sampling was

carried out by total sampling from cases that met the inclusion criteria according to the

calculation of the sample size for each group. Immunohistochemical examination using

Foxp3 monoclonal primary antibody. Immunoexpression data were analyzed to

determine its relationship with clinical stage of malignant melanoma.

Result: There were 54 cases of MM: 19 cases were skin MM, 29 cases of ocular MM, and

6 cases of mucosal MM. Majority of cases (63%) were in advanced stages. Tumor

thickness and mitosis associated with clinical stage of cutaneous and overall MM. Female

gender, tumor thickness >2 mm, mitoses >16/10 HPF, presence of lymphovascular

invasion and perineural invasion generally had low Foxp3 expression. In cutaneous MM

and overall MM, low Foxp3 expression was found at advanced clinical stage although

no significant association was found.

Conclusion: Tumor thickness and mitosis associated with clinical stage of cutaneous and

overall MM. Clinicopathological characteristic was not statistically significant with

Foxp3 expression. Low Foxp3 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage

although no statistically significant association was found."

"The “Abtropfung” theory that nevi develop through the migration of nevus cells from the epidermis to the dermis prevailed for almost a century until the “Hochsteigerung” theory postulated the reverse pattern of migration. Most recently, however, new insights gained from epidemiology, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of nevi, dermoscopy and confocal microscopy, and cellular and molecular studies have brought into question both of these theories. This book provides a comprehensive guide to current knowledge about nevogenesis by presenting these latest advances and in addition discusses issues yet to be resolved. It will assist practicing physicians in effectively managing patients with a variety of nevi and will also be of great value to researchers in the field. Importantly, since nevi are associated with an increased risk of melanoma, understanding nevogenesis may help to unravel some of the mysteries of melanomagenesis."