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Abstrak :
Lainie Ross presents a rigorous critical investigation of the development of policy governing the involvement of children in medical research. She examines the shift in focus from protection of medical research subjects, enshrined in post-World War II legislation, to the current era in which access is assuming greater precedence.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas akibat hukum yang timbul dari Perjanjian NAMRU-2 1970 terhadap personel dan kegiatan NAMRU-2. Serta perjanjian kerjasama lanjutan dengan ruang lingkup lebih luas setelah Perjanjian NAMRU-2 1970 berkahir, yakni Perjanjian Kerjasama Ilmiah dan Teknologi 2010. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yuridis-normatif dengan menelusuri data baik primer maupun sekunder, serta bahan hukum yang berkaitan dengan judul. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kewajiban-kewajiban yang timbul berdasarkan Perjanjian NAMRU-2 1970 banyak yang tidak dilakukan terutama oleh pihak Amerika Serikat. Perjanjian Kerjasama Ilmiah dan Teknologi 2010 yang merupakan kerjasama lanjutan setelah Perjanjian NAMRU-2 1970 berakhir memberikan perlindungan hukum yang lebih baik dari Perjanjian NAMRU-2 1970. ......This thesis discusses legal consequences arising from NAMRU-2 1970 Agreement on personnel and activities. Also, The Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement 2010 that has larger scope than NAMRU-2 1970 Agreement. Research carried out by finding the juridical-normative data both primary and secondary data, as well as legal materials relating to the title. The study states that the obligations arising under the NAMRU-2 1970 Agreement many were not carried out, mostly by the United States. After the NAMRU-2 1970 Agreement ended, cooperation in scientific and technological fields was continued through the Scientific and Technological Cooperation Agreement in 2010 which gives better law protection compare to NAMRU-2 1970 Agreement.

Abstrak :
Background: Early operated patients with orofacial cleft often develop a retrusive maxilla. It is not clear whether this growth disturbance is attributed to the congenital malformation itself or to the cleft surgery or both. Objective: To evaluate transversal and anterio-posterior maxillary development in unoperated adult patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Methods: 68 dental casts of unoperated adult UCLP patients were compared to 24 adult controls. The casts were analysed three dimensionally using an industrial coordinate measuring machine (=CMM) (Zeiss Numerex; Carl Zeiss Stutgart, Germany). 12 cephalograms of unoperated UCLP patients and 24 controls were available and measured for the following variables: Maxillary length, SNA, SNB, Gonial angle and SN-FH angle. The data obtained was analysed by paired t-test, level of significance was set at p<0,05. Results: measured on dental casts, the transversal distance at the level of the second molars was significantly wider and at the level of first premolar and canine significantly smaller compared to the control group. Cephalometrically there were no significant differences for the 5 cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: the presence of a cleft influences the development of the maxilla: The more extensive the cleft, the more extensive the effect of the dental arch, but the compression of the maxillary arch is limited to the anterior region. Measured cephalometrically the cleft has no influence on the anterio-posterior development of the maxilla. However, the sample size for the cephalometric study was small.