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Abstrak :
Legionellosis is a collection of infection that emerged in the second half of the 2Oth century, and that are caused by Legionella pneumophila and related bacteria. Legionellosis consists of two clinical syndromes, Legionnaires?disease is characterisized by pneumonia and pontiac fever is self-limiting, influenza like illness. Outb According this study, the sensitivity of duplex PCR to detect Legionella pneumophila in sterile NaCl 0.9% is 2.8 CFU/ml. The sensitivity of the duplex PCR in seeded water samples are 62 CFU/400ml of tap water sample, 32 CFU/400ml of sterile distiiled water and 32 CFU/400 ml of sterile NaCl 0.9%. The culture method in this study can not recovered Legionella from seeded water samples. The presence of Legionella .spp and Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water was investigated using the duplex PCR. Of 9 cooling tower water sample and 3 tap water sample, 8 were positive for Legionella spp, 1 were positive for Legionella pneumophila and 3 were negative. According detection Legionella in seeded water samples and cooling tower water, the culture method can not be used to recover Legionella, but the duplex PCR can be used as rapid detection for Legionella spp and Legionella pneumophila.

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Legionella pneumophila merupakan penyebab utama lgionellosis yang mulai muncul pada pertengahan abad 20. Legionellosis dapat berkembang menjadi dua keadaan klinik, pertama Legionnares? disease yang merupakan penyakit multi sistem pneumonia, kedua Pontiac fever suatu penyakit mirip dengan flu dan dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya. Umumnya kasus legionellosis terjadi akibat dari kontaminasi pada sistem air panas maupun dingin pada gedung bertingkat seperti cooling tower, kondensor, spa, kolam renang, Oleh karena itu deteksi bakteri Legionellla pada sistem air di gedung bertingkat dan rumah sakit diperlukan untuk mencegah legionellosis nosokomial ataupun komunitas. Deteksi legionella dengan metode konvensional memerlukan media khusus dan waktu inkubasi yang lama. Pada penelitian ini duplex PCR dikembangkan untuk mendeteksi Legionella spp dan Legionella pneumophila pada sampel air cooling lower, dengan primer dari sekuens gen 16S rRNA unluk mendeteksi Legionella spp Serta primer sekuens gen nano untuk mendeteksi Legionella pneumophila. Pada penelitian ini Duplex PCR dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi Legionella pneumophila dalam suspensi NaCl 0.9% hingga batas deteksi 2,8 CFU/ml. Hasil uji simulasi menggunakan sampel air yang ditambahkan pengenceran berseri Legionella pneumophila menunjukkan batas deteksi hingga 62 CFU/ 400 ml air kran, 32 CFU/400 ml akuadest steril dan 32 CFU/ 400 ml NaCl 0.9% stril. Hasil uji sirnulasi dengan metode kultur tidak menunjukkan pertumbuhan koloni pada agar BCYE plus. Hasil uji coba Duplex PCR terhadap 9 sampel air cooling tower dan 3 sampel air kran adalah satu sampel menunjukkan pita spesiiik L. pneumophia, 8 sampel yang menunjukkan pita spesifik Legionella spp dan 3 sampel negatif. Berdasarkan uji simulasi dan pemeriksaan sampel air cooling lower; metode kultur pada penelitian ini belum dapat mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri Legionella, sedangkan deteksi Legionella spp dan L. pneumophila dapat dilakukan dengan metode duplex PCR.

Abstrak :
Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever, a zoonotic disease found worldwide. The bacterium is a fascinating example of intracellular parasitism that has uniquely evolved to thrive in the most inhospitable of cellular compartments-the phagolysosome. Understanding how C. burnetii resists the degradative functions of this vacuole, and the host cell functions coopted for successful parasitism, are central to understanding Q fever pathogenesis. Recent achievements in glycomics and proteomics are guiding development of enhanced detection schemes for the bacterium in addition to shedding light on the host immune response to the pathogen. Several chapters survey immune functions that control or potentially exacerbate Coxiella infection and delve into correlates of protective immunity elicited by vaccination. Comparative genomics is also the foundation of chapters discussing diagnostic antigen discovery and molecular typing of the bacterium, with significance for development of new clinical, epidemiologic, and forensic tools.