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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penyebaran HIV dapat dimodelkan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deterministik kedalam sistem persamaan diferensial biasa tidak linier berdimensi tujuh, pada skripsi ini dibuat model matematika penyebaran HIV dengan intervensi ART. Pada model sederhana yaitu ketika tidak dilakukan intervensi ART, titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan titik keseimbangan endemik dapat ditentukan secara analitik dengan basic reproduction number. Kriteria kestabilan lokal dari titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan titik keseimbangan endemik dapat dianalisis. Titik keseimbangan endemik ada ketika nilai basic reproduction number lebih besar dari satu. Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas dari basic reproduction number pada model lengkap model dengan intervensi ART , dengan memperbesar laju intervensi ART pada manusia yang terinfeksi HIV akan menurunkan basic reproduction number. Simulasi numerik dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi ART dalam mengurangi total manusia terinfeksi selama periode intervensi.

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ABSTRACT
HIV spreads can be modeled using a deterministic approach into a seven dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equation, in this thesis establish a mathematical model for the spread of HIV with an intervention of ART treatment. In a simplified model, when no ART treatment implemented, disease free and the endemic equilibrium points were established analytically along with the basic reproduction number. The local stability criteria of disease free equilibrium and the existing criteria of endemic equilibrium analyzed. The endemic equilibrium exists when basic reproduction number is larger than one. From the sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction number of the complete model model with ART treatment , the enlarging number of the infected human who following the ART treatment program will reduce basic reproduction number. The numerical simulation of the autonomous system to show how treatment intervention of ART impacts the reduction of the infected population during intervention time period.

Abstrak :
This monograph covers all important issues of terminal ballistics in a comprehensive way combining experimental data, numerical simulations and analytical modeling. It uses a unique approach to numerical simulations as sensitivity measure for the major physical parameters. In the first chapter, the book includes necessary details about the experimental equipment which are used for ballistic tests. The second chapter covers essential features of the codes which are used in recent years all over the world, the Euler vs. Lagrange schemes, meshing techniques etc. The third chapter, devoted to the penetration mechanics of rigid rods, brings the update of modeling in this field. The fourth chapter deals with plate perforation and the fifth chapter deals with the penetration of shaped charge jets and eroding long rods. The last chapter includes several techniques for the disruption and defeating of the main threats in armor design. Throughout the book the authors demonstrate the advantages of the simulation approach in understanding the basis physics behind the investigated phenomena.

Abstrak :
Lingkungan bisnis dan industri yang dinamis dan berubah sangat cepat menyebabkan Continuous Innovation Capability (CIC), yang adalah ability to continuously innovate sangat dibutuhkan oleh industri manufaktur agar dapat bertahan dan memiliki daya saing tinggi. Cara atau metode untuk mengukur dan memonitor CIC menjadi sangat penting dan strategis bagi suatu perusahaan agar dapat memastikan bahwa aktivitas inovasi dikerjakan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengembangkan suatu model pengukuran Continuous innovation capabilities (CIC) yang lebih komprehensif dan holistik pada industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Proses penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap, yakni: (1) identifikasi dan seleksi Continuous Innovation Capability Enablers (CICEs), (2) perancangan model pengukuran CIC, dan (3) validasi model pengukuran. Identifikasi initial CICEs menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dan focus group discussion. Sedangkan proses seleksi CICEs menggunakan Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Pada tahapan perancangan model, metode Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) digunakan untuk menggambarkan contextual relationship antar CICEs, metode matrix of cross impact multiplications applied to classification (MICMAC) untuk mengklasifikasi driving and dependence power dari CICEs dan metode Analytical Network Process (ANP) untuk menetukan bobot masing-masing CICEs dan dimensi pengukuran. Penentuan kriteria dan indikator untuk masing-masing CICEs dikembangkan berbasis pada 3 elemen pengukuran inovasi, yakni: potensi, proses dan hasil inovasi, sedangkan pengembangan model matematis perhitungan skor CIC dikembangkan berbasis pada metode multi-faktor. Evaluasi dan validasi model pengukuran dilakukan dengan metode multiple case study. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi dan menentukan 16 CICEs, 50 kriteria, 103 indikator pengukuran dan mengembangkan model matematis perhitungan skor CIC yang sesuai dengan karakteristik industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Model pengukuran CIC telah di ujicoba pada 2 industri manufaktur skala besar, yakni industri otomotif dan elektronik. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa model pengukuran CIC dapat digunakan dengan baik dan valid. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor kepemimpinan, iklim dan budaya, dan kapabilitas teknologi informasi merupakan faktor CICEs yang memiliki driving power tertinggi dan dependence power terendah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa upaya pengembangan kapabilitas inovasi secara terus menerus di industri manufaktur Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor kepemimpinan, faktor iklim dan budaya dan kapabilitas teknologi informasi. Model CIC adalah sebuah model baru pengukuran kapabilias inovasi yang holistic karena sepenuhnya menerapkan tiga elemen prinsip dasar pengukuran kapabilitas inovasi, mengukur kapabilitas inovasi seluruh dimensi penting yang ada dalam suatu perusahaan, dan dapat menjelaskan pola hubungan antar CICEs. ......To face the rapidly changing industrial environment, the manufacturing industry requires Continuous Innovation Capability (CIC). CIC which is the ability to continuously innovate, is needed by the manufacturing industry today so that the industry can have high competitiveness and continue to survive, by continuously producing new products, new processes, new service systems, and new business models that are always relevant to the market needs. Innovation is a process that requires continuous, envolving and mastered management. Therefore companies must to measure their continuous innovation capability. This research aims to design a more holistic measurement model for CIC of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia. The development of this CIC model was conducted through three stages of research, i.e. identification of Continuous Innovation Capability Enablers (CICEs), development of measurement model, followed by model evaluation and validation. The Identification of CICEs used a systematic literature review and a focus group discussion. The selection process for CICEs employed the Fuzzy Delphi Method. To develop a measurement model, contextual relationships between CICEs were assessed using Total interpretive Structural Modelling, followed by measurements of CICEs weights with the Analytical Network Process method. Then, assessment indicators for each CICEs and criteria were determined as well as a mathematical model to measure CIC scores. Model evaluation and validation were performed in two case studies: in the automotive and electronic industries. This research produced 16 CICEs, 50 criteria and 103 assessment indicators; as well as a mathematical model to measure CIC scores. The validation process showed that the currently developed model was deemed valid. This research highlighted that in order to develop continuous innovation in the Indonesian manufacturing industry, they should begin with strengthening the capabilities of leadership, establishing a strong and conducive climate and culture for innovation, and investing significantly in developing IT capability. The CIC model is a new holistic measurement model; it integrates three fundamental elements of CI capability measurement, considering all the important dimensions in a company, and is also able to explain contextual relationships between measured factors

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas ambiguitas diagram dalam arsitektur dan mengembangkan teori diagram sebagai kontinuum. Studi ini mengeksplorasi konsep ini dengan mengembangkan sistem kontinuum Dortdivanlioglu dengan mengajukan kontinua tambahan untuk kemudian dirancang sebagai sistem kontinuum. Sistem ini kemudian diterapkan dalam diagram Zaha Hadid melalui pendekatan analisa gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kecenderungan sifat fungsional/form-finding/inskriptif dalam diagram Zaha Hadid, dan potensi untuk sistem kontinuum yang lebih luas dan kompleks untuk identifikasi diagram lebih lanjut ......This undergraduate thesis discusses the ambiguity of architectural diagrams and attempts to conceptualize the diagram as a continuum. This study approaches this concept by improving Dortdivanlioglu's continuum system via the proposal of additional continua to form a continuum system. This continuum system is then applied to Zaha Hadid's diagram via image analysis. The result of this research shows the tendency to functional/ form-finding/ inscriptive traits in Zaha Hadid's diagrams and the potential for a broader and more complex continuum system for further identification

Abstrak :
Fenomena lendutan yang terjadi pada material struktur beton dapat dikategorikan dalam dua jenis lendutan, yaitu lendutan sesaat dan lendutan jangka panjang. Lendutan sesaat adalah lendutan elastis akibat beban yang dapat dihitung dengan perhitungan mekanika teknik, di mana lendutan yang terjadi bersifat tinier terhadap pertambahan beban. Sementara lendutan jangka panjang adalah lendutan yang terjadi sebagai fungsi waktu walaupun beban tidak ditambah. Lendutan ini dipengaruhi oleh dua hal yang utama yaitu creep (rangkak) dan shrinkage (susut). Pemodelan sifat beton dalam menghitung lendutan yang telah ada selama ini merupakan model yang menggambarkan secara terpisah tingkah laku beton pada pembebanan cepat dan pembebanan jangka panjang sementara pada kenyataannya kedua jenis lendutan ini terjadi secara simultan sehingga perhitungannya tidak dapat dipisahkan, sehingga diperlukan perhitungan yang mampu menggambarkan tingkah laku beton secara lengkap. Dalam skripsi ini, Penulis akan melakukan perhitungan lendutan jangka panjang dengan pendekatan yang berbeda. Pendekatan yang digunakan oleh Penulis adalah Pemodelan Rheologis Beton oleh Dr. Ir. F.X. Supartono yang didasarkan pada sifat-sifat dasar bahan beton dalam menginterpretasikan sifat beton baik pada pembebanan cepat maupun pembebanan jangka panjang. Nilai lendutan jangka panjang didapatkan dengan mengalikan faktor pengaruh lendutan jangka panjang (?) dengan lendutan sesaat akibat beban luar yang bersifat tetap. Dalam menghitung nilai faktor pengaruh lendutanjangka panjang (?), kita menggunakan tiga peraturan untuk diperbandingkan: 1. ACI209R-12danACI435R-95 2. CEB-FIP 3. SKSNI-1991. Pada ACI dan CEB-FIP, kita harus memperhitungkan faktor-faktor koreksi akibat kondisi beton dan lingkungan yang tidak sama dengan kondisi standard yang digunakan oleh ACI dan CEB-FIP. Perhitungan dengan ACI dan CEB-FIP menggunakan beberapa pendekatan : 1. Analogi pendekatan Dan Earle Branson mengenai transformasi faktor pengaruh akibat kombinasi rangkak dan susut, di mana asumsi yang digunakan adalah pengaruh rangkak pada lendutan jangka panjang sebesar 85% sedangkan pengaruh susut sebesar 15%. 2. Dalam mencari faktor ketergantungan waktu untuk lendutan jangka panjang, kita melakukan perhitungan dengan pemodelan rheologis beton (model Fxs). Pada model Fxs faktor tersebut adalah berupa persamaah eksponensial sebagai fungsi waktu. Sementara pada SKSNI nilai faktor ketergantungan waktu untuk lendutan jangka panjang (?) berupa suatu konstanta yang langsung dapat dikalikan dengan lendutan sesaat akibat beban tetap. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan perbedaan hasil perhitungan dengan ACI dan CEB-FIP dengan konstanta yang diberikan SKSNI. Hal ini dikarenakan batasan_faktor konstanta ketergantungan waktu untuk lendutanjangka panjang (?) yang diberikan oleh SKSNI-1991 relatif sederhana dan tidak memperhatikan faktor lingkungan yang ada. Skripsi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan model rheologis beton (Model Fxs) temyata dapat menghasilkan hasil perhitungan yang baik dan lebih mendetail, di mana model Fxs mampu menjelaskan fenomena terjadinya lendutan pada beton dan mendapatkan nilai fungsi pengaruh ketergantungan waktu untuk lendutan jangka panjang yang kontinu. Model Fxs juga mampu menjelaskan fenomena deformasi elastis tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan deformasi rangkak dan dapat dimodelkan sebagai satu model kesatuan sehingga deformasi yang dihitung merupakan total dari deformasi jangka pendek dan deformasi jangka panjang.

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The deformation phenomenon occurred in the concrete structure material can be categorized into two kind of deformation those are short-term deformation and long term deformation. The short-term deformation is an elastic deformation caused by the load that calculated with the technic mechanic calculation, where the deformation occurred is considered to be linear with the increasing of the load. While the long term deformation is a deformation that considered as a time function neglecting the increasing of the load. This deformation is affected by two main factors, the Creep and Shrinkage. The existing modeling of the concrete properties to calculate the deformation is the model that describe separately between short term and long term deformation while in the real situation, the deformations occurred simultaneously, therefore the calculation cannot be made separately. Here we require a calculation method that can make a simultaneous calculation of both deformations. This mini thesis will conduct a calculation of a long-term deformation with a different approach. The approach used in this mini thesis is Concrete Rheologic Modeling by Dr. Ir. F.X. Supartono based on the properties of the basic materials of the concrete to interpret the concrete characteristic in short term and long term loading. The value of the long-term deformation is obtained by multiplying the influence factor of long term deformation (?) with the short-term causes by the constant load. To calculate the value of the influence factor (?), there are three regulations to be compared: 1. ACI 209R -12 and ACI 435R -95 2. CEB-FIP 3. SKSNI-1991. In the ACI and CEB-FIP, we have to consider the correctional factors due the condition of the concrete and the environmental that do not match the standard condition used in ACI and CEB-FIP. The calculation using ACI and CEB-FIP conducted by several approaches: 1. The approach analogy by Dan Earle Branson concerning the influence factor transformation due to combination of the creep and shrinkage, assuming that the creep influence to the long term deformation is 85% while the shrinkage influence is 15%. 2. To obtain the dependence factor for the long-term deformation, we make a calculation with the concrete rheologic modeling (Fxs model). In the Fxs model, this factor takes form of an exponential equation as a time function. The SKSNI stated that the value of the time dependence factor for the long-term deformation (?) is a constant that can be directly multiplied with the short-term deformation due to the constant load. The result of the calculations indicates a difference between the ACI and CEB-FIP value with the SKSNI constant. This happens because the limits of the time dependence factor for the long-term deformation (?) given by SKSNI-1991 is relatively simple and do not considering the existing environmental factors. This mini thesis will also show that the concrete rheologic model (Fxs model) approach is able to make a good and detailed calculation, where the Fxs model can explain the phenomenon of concrete deformation and to obtain a continues value of time dependency factor for the long term deformation. The Fxs model can also explain an elastic deformation that cannot be separate with the creep deformation and can be modeled as an entity to obtain a calculation of the deformation as a total of a short term and long term deformation.

Abstrak :
This textbook takes a broad yet thorough approach to mechanics, aimed at bridging the gap between classical analytic and modern differential geometric approaches to the subject.​ Developed by the author from 35 years of teaching experience, the presentation is designed to give students an overview of the many different models used through the history of the field—from Newton to Lagrange—while also painting a clear picture of the most modern developments. Throughout, it makes heavy use of the powerful tools offered by Mathematica​. The volume is organized into two parts. The first focuses on developing the mathematical framework of linear algebra and differential geometry necessary for the remainder of the book. Topics covered include tensor algebra, Euclidean and symplectic vector spaces, differential manifolds, and absolute differential calculus. The second part of the book applies these topics to kinematics, rigid body dynamics, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics, Hamilton–Jacobi theory, completely integrable systems, statistical mechanics of equilibrium, and impulsive.

Abstrak :
Mathematical modeling he ability to apply mathematical concepts and techniques to real-life systems as expanded considerably over the last decades, making it impossible to cover all of its aspects in one course or textbook. Continuum Modeling in the Physical Sciences provides an extensive exposition of the general principles and methods of this growing field with a focus on applications in the natural sciences. The authors present a thorough treatment of mathematical modeling from the elementary level to more advanced concepts. Most of the chapters are devoted to a discussion of central issues such as dimensional analysis, conservation principles, balance laws, constitutive relations, stability, robustness, and variational methods, and are accompanied by numerous real-life examples. Readers will benefit from the exercises placed throughout the text and the Challenging Problems sections found at the ends of several chapters. The last chapter is devoted to extensively worked-out case studies in polymer dynamics, fiber spinning, water waves, and waveguide optics.

Abstrak :
This book explains the hypoplastic modelling framework. It is divided into two parts, the first of which is devoted to principles of hypoplasticity. First, the basic features of soils mechanical behaviour are introduced, namely non-linearity and asymptotic properties. These features are then incorporated into simple one-dimensional hypoplastic equations for compression and shear. Subsequently, a hypoplastic equivalent of the Modified Cam-Clay model is developed in 2D space using stress and strain invariants to demonstrate key similarities and differences between elasto-plastic and hypoplastic formulations. Lastly, the mathematical structure of hypoplastic models is explained by tracing their historical development, from the early trial-and-error models to more recent approaches. In turn, Part II introduces specific hypoplastic models for soils. First, two reference models for sand and clay are defined. After summarising their mathematical formulations, calibration procedures are described and discussed. Subsequently, more advanced modelling approaches are covered: the intergranular strain concept incorporating the effects of small strain stiffness and cyclic loading, viscohypoplasticity for predicting rate effects, soil structure to represent structured and bonded materials and soil anisotropy. The book concludes with a description of partial saturation and thermal effects: topics that are increasingly important to the disciplines of energy and environmental geotechnics. Selecting a constitutive model and its parameters is often the most important and yet challenging part of any numerical analysis in geotechnical engineering. Hypoplasticity involves a specific class of soil constitutive models, which are described in detail here. The book offers an essential resource, both for model users who need a more advanced model for their geotechnical calculations and are mainly interested in parameter calibration procedures, and for model developers who are seeking a comprehensive understanding of the mathematical structure of hypoplasticity.

Abstrak :
This book collects recent developments in nonlinear and complex systems. It provides up-to-date theoretic developments and new techniques based on a nonlinear dynamical systems approach that can be used to model and understand complex behavior in nonlinear dynamical systems. It covers symmetry groups, conservation laws, risk reduction management, barriers in Hamiltonian systems, and synchronization and chaotic transient. Illustrating mathematical modeling applications to nonlinear physics and nonlinear engineering, the book is ideal for academic and industrial researchers concerned with machinery and controls, manufacturing, and controls. · Introduces new concepts for understanding and modeling complex systems; · Explains risk reduction management in complex systems; · Examines the symmetry group approach to understanding complex systems; · Illustrates the relation between transient chaos and crises.