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Abstrak :
Sistem penghantaran obat ke kolon merupakan salah satu solusi alternatif untuk pengobatan terkait penyakit di kolon, salah satunya dalam mengobati fibrosis kolon. Salah satu obat yang digunakan untuk antifibrosis adalah tetrandrine. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi beads kitosan-tripolifosfat tetrandrine dengan metode gelasi ion dengan variasi konsentrasi larutan sambung silang tripolifosfat 3% (Formula 1), 4% (Formula 2), dan 5% (Formula 3). Karakterisasi beads diuji dengan scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, moisture content, dan uji daya mengembang. Beads yang telah terbentuk berwarna kuning keemasan dengan ukuran rata-rata 907 ? 944 μm untuk formula 1, 900 - 973 μm untuk Formula 2, dan 1003 ? 1028 μm untuk Formula 3. Dari hasil karakterisasi Formula 3 merupakan formula yang terbaik dan digunakan untuk penyalutan. Beads Formula 3 dilakukan penyalutan menggunakan Eudragit L100-55 dan Eudragit L100 dengan masing-masing konsentrasi Eudragit L100-55 10% (Formula 3A), Eudragit L100-55 12,5% (Formula 3B), Eudragit L100 10% (Formula 3C), dan Eudragit L100 12,5% (Formula 3D). Pada uji pelepasan obat pada beads yang telah disalut, dilakukan dalam medium HCl pH 1,2 (2 jam), dapar fosfat pH 7,4 (3 jam), dan dapar fosfat pH 6,8 (3 jam). Hasil pelepasan kumulatif obat pada Formula 3A, Formula 3B, Formula C, dan Formula D secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 40,15%, 37,97%, 45,85%, dan 41,70%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, Formula 3C adalah formula yang paling baik dalam melepas tetrandrine di medium dapar fosfat 6,8 karena berhasil melepaskan obat yang paling besar diantara formula yang lain. Selain itu juga Formula 3C juga telah berhasil menjaga keberadaan beads ketika melewati lambung tikus yang telah diuji melalui uji pentargetan secara in vivo. ...... Drug delivery to the colon is an alternative solution for treatment in colon which one is fibrosis. Tetrandrine is a drug that has anti-fibrosis effects. The aim of this research was preparation and charactherization of chitosan-tripolyphosphate tetrandrine beads which was prepared by ionic gelation method with variation in sodium tripolyphosphate concentration 3% (Formula 1), 4% (Formula 2), and 5% (Formula 3). The characteristics of beads were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, moisture content, release studies, and swelling measurements. Beads was produced are yellow-gold colour which has average size of beads, 907 ? 944 μm, 900 - 973 μm, and 1003 ? 1028 μm for formula 1, 2, 3, respectively. The result of characterization, Formula 3 was the best formula. Formula 3 was coated with Eudragit L100-55 and Eudragit L100 with several concentrations; Eudragit L100-55 10% (Formula 3A), Eudragit L100-55 12,5% (Formula 3B), Eudragit L100 10% (Formula 3C), and Eudragit L100 12,5% (Formula 3D). Drug release tests conducted in the medium pH 1.2 (2 hours), phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (3 hours), and phosphate buffer pH 6 (3 hours). The results of drug release was 40.15%, 37.97%, 45.85%, 41.70% for Fornula 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, respectively. Based on these results can be concluded that Formula 3C was the best formulation which has higher drug release than others. Additionally, Formula 3C also had managed to keep the existence of beads when passing through the stomach of rat that have been tested through in vivo targeting test.

Abstrak :
This book, with the focus on the most advanced cutting-edge breakthroughs, covers all the essential aspects of the field of molecular farming in plants: from expression technologies to downstream processing, from products to safety issues, and from current advances and holdups to future developments.

Abstrak :
Contents: The European legislation (directive 2004/24/EC) brings clarification and recognition to herbal medicinal products / Giuseppe NisticoÌ? and Dagmar Roth-Behrendt -- Taxonomy, morphology, and ecology of medicinal plants: a botanical perspective / Simon Pierce, Alessandra Luzzaro, and Bruno E.L. Cerabolini -- Ethnopharmacological approaches used to identify medicinal plants / Tsukasa Sakurada ... [et al.] -- Medicinal plants : molecular biology/biotechnology approach -- Candida Vannini ... [et al.] -- Breeding and cultivation of medicinal plants / Christoph Carlen -- Sample preparation, analytical methods, and chemical standardization of medicinal plants -- Angela Perrone ... [et al.] -- The role of zebrafish in the future of natural product discovery -- Alexander D. Crawford, Camila V. Esguerra, and Peter A.M. de Witte -- Phytocomplexes versus single-entity drugs : the never-ending dilemma in herbal medicine / Elizabeth M. Williamson -- Molecular modes of action of drugs used in phytomedicine / Michael Wink -- Bioavailability issues of nonnutrient plant and fruit constituents / Mariusz Konrad Piskula and Junji Terao -- From identification to clinical translation of medicinal plants / Gian Franco Gensini ... [et al.] -- Recommendations for reporting randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine interventions / Joel J. Gagnier ... [et al.] -- Pharmacovigilance methods and systems in herbal medicines / Gioacchino Calapai -- Mechanisms and clinical relevance of herb drug interactions from the perspectives of pharmacokinetics / Laura Berliocchi ... [et al.] -- Nature?s gift to photodynamic medicine : hypericin, a herbal photosensitizer is a component of hypericum perforatum / Heinrich Walt -- Plants and plant-derived products as cancer chemopreventive agents / Douglas M. Noonan, Ilaria Sogno, and Adriana Albini -- From standard tanacetum parthenium extract to a stabilized derivative of parthenolide : studies in animal models of pain / Rosaria Greco ... [et al.] -- Antiviral effects of essential oils used traditionally in phytomedicine / JuÌ?rgen Reichling and Paul Schnitzler -- The neuroprotective capacity of achyrocline satureioides (Lam) D.C. and its flavonoids : mechanisms of action / Federico Dajas ... [et al.] -- Recent progress in echinacea research / Karin Woelkart and Rudolf Bauer -- Contribution of herbal medicine to human health : a brief history / Luigi Antonio Morrone ... [et al.] -- Quality issues of current herbal medicines / Paola Montoro, Sonia Piacente, and Cosimo Pizza -- Herbal medicines in the developing world : South America / Federico Dajas and Felicia Rivera-Megret -- Herbal medicines : epidemiology of their utilization, a perspective on the industrialized world / Anna Loraschi and Marco Cosentino.

Abstrak :
This book introduces the methodology for collection and identification of herbal materials, extraction and isolation of compounds from herbs, in vitro bioassay, in vivo animal test, toxicology, and clinical trials of herbal research. To fully understand and make the best use of herbal medicines requires the close combination of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmacology, and clinical science. Although there are many books about traditional medicines research, they mostly focus on either chemical or pharmacological study results of certain plants. This book, however, covers the systematic study and analysis of herbal medicines in general - including chemical isolation and identification, bioassay and mechanism study, pharmacological experiment, and quality control of the raw plant material and end products

Abstrak :
Traditional systems of medicine are fast emerging as viable alternatives to modern medical science. Further, in recent years the emphasis on botanicals as source for drug discovery and development has been realized globally. Added to this, the safer profile of herbal drugs combined with their low costs make them ideal targets for newer drugs. As in the modern system of medicine, viz. allopathy, herbal drugs form an inseparable part of the management of various disorders. The concept of scientific validation of the basis of traditional uses of herbal medicines has given birth to a new concept of reverse pharmacology, and interactions between traditional and modern systems of medicine are being increasingly encouraged. Recent Advances in Herbal Drug Research and Therapy showcases some of these crucial and emerging issues relating to herbal drugs. This compilation is a judicious combination of research and conventional aspects on the subject of herbal drugs, their pharmacology and therapeutic applications. Some very relevant general and systemic pharmacological as well as toxicological aspects have been highlighted by some of the leading experts in this field. The book will be of interest to students, scientists, teachers and other health professionals in the area of pharmacology, toxicology and allied health sciences.