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"Penelitian ini memanfaatkan aliran turbulensi yang ditimbulkan pencetus turbulensi dengan menggunakan gangguan dinding pada suatu aliran fluida elektrolit untuk meningkatkan laju perpindahan massa antara plat elektroda sejajar dalam suatu kanal aliran. Model eksperimental yang dikaji merupakan dasar dari berbagai proses elektrokimia terapan, antara lain elektroplating pada berbagai peralatan yang digunakan di dunia industri. Plat tembaga dan cairan CuSO4 dipilih sebagai elektroda dan elektrolit dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran laju perpindahan massa ini menggunakan teknik limiting diffusion current yang merupakan representasi dari perpindahan elektron karena adanya arus listrik yang mengalir dari kedua plat tembaga dan elektrolit. Dengan menggunakan pencetus turbulensi model gangguan dinding berupa pagar (fence) maka hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju perpindahan massa mengalami kenaikan di bagian menuju fence dan mengalami penurunan dibagian setelah melewati fence. Pada bagian yang menjauh dari fence aliran mengalami redeveloping. Dari penelitian ini perpindahan massa ternyata tidak berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan bilangan Reynolds melainkan mengalami fluktuasi, dimana dalam rentang Re=500-3000 diperoleh koefisien perpindahan massa sebesar K_m = 3.5 x 10^-4 (m/s) - 3.85 x 10^-4 (m/s) yang merupakan peningkatan sebesar 24,75% dari kondisi tanpa turbulensi aliran, K_m = 3.1 x 10^-4 (m/s). Secara umum penggunaan metode kontrol turbulensi dapat meningkatkan perpindahan massa pada proses elektrokimia. Terutama dibagian upstream atau hulu hingga mendekati fence dan pada bagian akhir kanal. Penggunaan metode ini dapat dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan pada dunia industri agar menghasilkan suatu proses yang efektif dan efisien.

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This research uses a turbulence flow which is generated by placing wall obstruction in an electrolyte flow to increase mass transfer in a parallel plate electrochemical flow cell. The experimental method being investigated is a basic of some applied electrochemical processes, i.e, electroplating process which is widely used in industries. Copper plate is chosen as electrode and Calcium Sulphate or CuSO4 liquid as an electrolyte in this experiment. Mass transfer between the electrode is measured by using limiting diffusion current as result of electrone movement between cathode and anode occurs in this experiment. The results of this experiment shows that the rate of mass transfer increase at just upstream and downstream of the fence. Far from the downstream area the flow redevelops. Rate mass transfer in this case does not increas linierly with Reynolds number, but rather fluctuates. In the range of Re = 500 ? 3000, the maximum transfer coefficient ranges from K_m = 3.5 x 10^-4 (m/s) to 3.85 x 10^-4 (m/s). This result show 24,75% improvement from the condition without turbulence, K_m = 3.1 x 10^{-4 (}m/s). In general, this methods can increase the mass transfer than using the conventional electrochemistry methods, especially in upstream area before the fence and in the end of the channel. This methods can be applied in industry to make the efficient and effective process."

"Provides an introduction to the physical origins of heat and mass transfer. Readers will learn the meaning of the terminology and physical principles of heat transfer, as well as how to use requisite inputs for computing heat transfer rates and/​or material temperatures."

"This is a book about thermodynamics, not history, but it adopts a semi-historical approach in order to highlight different approaches to entropy. The book does not follow a rigid temporal order of events, nor it is meant to be comprehensive. It includes solved examples for a solid understanding. The division into chapters under the names of key players in the development of the field is not intended to separate these individual contributions entirely, but to highlight their different approaches to entropy. This structure helps to provide a different view-point from other text-books on entropy."