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Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki banyak kekayaan dari bahan alam laut. Flora dan fauna laut terbukti menghasilkan senyawa kimia yang dapat menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif. Akan tetapi, hingga saat ini penelitian senyawa kimia bahan laut untuk menjadi kandidat obat masih minim sekali. Hal ini disebabkan belum tersedianya pangkalan data senyawa kimia bahan laut yang lengkap dan gratis untuk dilakukan penelitian in silico. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat pangkalan data senyawa kimia bahan laut yang lengkap dan gratis agar pangkalan data dapat membantu penelitian in silico untuk pengembangan obat baru dari bahan laut. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengumpulkan data-data senyawa kimia bahan laut yang pernah dilakukan Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia. Kemudian dilakukan optimasi dan validasi struktur menggunakan metode MMFF94 dan AM1-BCC, pengumpulan parameter fisikokimia dan informasi ADME/T serta sumber referensinya. Setelah data-data ini berhasil dikumpulkan, dibuatkanlah basis data menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP/MySQL yang dapat diakses menggunakan website. Pangkalan data senyawa kimia bahan laut ini dapat diakses secara gratis melalui laman sementara  https://marine-db.vercel.app/ dan akan dipindah ke marinedb.herbaldb.info diharapkan dapat memperbanyak penelitian obat dari senyawa kimia bahan laut dilakukan.

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Indonesia is a country that consists of many island which has a lot of wealth from natural marine materials. Marine flora and fauna have been proven to produce chemical compounds that can produce bioactive compounds. However, until now research on chemical compounds from marine materials to become drug candidates is still minimal. This is due to the unavailability of a complete and free database of marine chemical compounds for in silico research. This research aims to create a complete and free database of marine chemical compounds so that the database can assist in silico research for the development of new drugs from marine ingredients. This research began by collecting data on chemical compounds from marine materials which had been carried out by the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia. Then optimization and validation of the structure were carried out using the MMFF94 and AM1-BCC methods, collecting physicochemical parameters and ADME/T information as well as reference sources. After this data has been collected, a database is created using the PHP/MySQL programming language which can be accessed using the website. The marine compound database temporarily accessible at https://marine-db.vercel.app/and will be migrated to marinedb.herbaldb.info is expected to improve drug discovery and development from marine bioactive compounds.

 

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"Anthropogenic changes to the marine environment are causing some considerable concern and yet there is very little information on the overall effects of either single or multiple human influences on species, populations, or, indeed, communities. The indication is that anthropogenic stressors have significantly altered the composition and diversity of marine communities at almost every trophic level, which can have profound effects on surviving species and ecosystems, especially when major processes are supported by a limited number of species. Studies investigating the effects of multiple stressors, however, are challenging as ecological changes are underpinned by physiological adjustments and differences in tolerance levels which are highly variable among and within species and populations. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of multiple stressors, this volume summarizes current understanding of the physiological and ecological responses of marine species to a wide range of potential stressors (salinity, hypoxia, ocean acidification, temperature, chemical pollution, nitrogen deposition, ultraviolet radiation, and noise), before it considers what is currently known about effects of multiple co-occurring stressors in the marine environment. Expertise, ranging from emerging early career researchers to leaders in the field, have been brought together to outline the responses shown by different marine species and habitats at different levels of biological and ecological organization, as well as to provide perspectives on potential future outcomes for some of the most pressing environmental issues facing society today."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis sebaran kelimpahan kista Dinoflagellatapenyebab HAB di lokasi budidaya kerang hijau (Perna viridis) Kamal Muara, Jakarta Utara,pada bulan Oktober 2014 di 9 titik stasiun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui keberadaan serta kelimpahan kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB, memetakansebaran spasial kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB, dan untuk mengetahui faktor lingkunganyang memengaruhi sebaran kista Dinoflagellata penyebab HAB. Pengambilan sampelsedimen dilakukan menggunakan Eijkman Grab, dan pemisahan kista dari sampel sedimendilakukan menggunakan metode sieving technique. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaterdapat 8 genus kista Dinoflagellata di lokasi penelitian, yaitu Alexandrium, Cochlodinium,Diplopsalis, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Polykrikos, Protoperidinium, dan Scrippsiella,dimana 5 diantaranya merupakan genus penyebab HAB, yaitu Alexandrium, Cochlodinium,Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, dan Scrippsiella. Kelimpahan kista di sedimen lokasi penelitianmemiliki kisaran antara 4--324 kista/ml. Kista dengan kelimpahan tertinggi adalah genusAlexandrium (324 kista/ml) dan terendah adalah genus Diplopsalis (4 kista/ml). Pola sebarankista di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kista terkonsentrasi pada stasiun-stasiun diwilayah timur. Faktor lingkungan yang paling memengaruhi sebaran kista di lokasipenelitian adalah arus, sedangkan faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi germinasi kistaadalah DO, cahaya, dan suhu.

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ABSTRACTResearch on the distribution analysis on the cyst abundance of HAB causing Dinoflagellatesat green mussel (Perna viridis) culture area in Kamal Muara, North Jakarta, has beenconducted in October 2014 at 9 sampling stations. The objectives of the research were todetermine the presence and abundance, mapping the spatial distribution, and to determine theenvironmental factors that influence the distribution of cysts from HAB causingDinoflagellates. Sediment sampling was carried out using Eijkman Grab. Cyst samplepreparation was carried out using the sieving technique. The results showed 8 genus ofDinoflagellate cysts, which were Alexandrium, Cochlodinium, Diplopsalis, Gonyaulax,Gymnodinium, Polykrikos, Protoperidinium, and Scrippsiella, in which 5 of them were HABcausing, namely Alexandrium, Cochlodinium, Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, dan Scrippsiella.The abundance of cyst at sediments were ranged between 4--324 cysts/ml. Cyst with highestabundance was genus Alexandrium (324 cysts/ml) and the lowest was genus Diplopsalis (4cysts/ml). Cyst distribution pattern at the study site showed that cysts were concentrated atstations located in the eastern region. Environmental factors that mostly influence thedistribution of cysts in the study site was water current, whereas environmental factors thataffect the germination of cysts was DO, light, and temperature."