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Abstrak :
Burung-bur ung Manyar (BBM) and Durga Umayi (DU) show several similarities and differences in expressing social moralities. The development of moralities is originated from the position of the palace as the social patron (BBM). Meanwhile, in DU patriarchal moralities are originated from the Javanese, Hindu and Semitic culture. Larasati tries to liberate Mrs. Naya and Mrs. Ranu from the oppression of feudalistic moralities with her egalitarian attitude (BBM). Meanwhile, DU states that the national ideology functions as the human liberation from the oppression of feudalistic morality. Indonesian military is on the opposite of the Dutch-Indies, however, both use violence to monopolize the truth. Both the military groups regard the "evil-virtue" value from their position as "friend and foe" criteria. Teto and Atik along with the peasants launch the criticism against the authoritarian commanding morality. It is evoked on the text that the woman is in the most oppressed position of this morality (BBM). The minor characters, which belong to the Javanese ethnic tribe, come from the low social stratification. They are morally oppressed by the evidence that they believe in commanding morality as taught in the Javanese ethics. The morality of a knight is shown by Teto and Brajabasuki, meanwhile the humanistic morality is shown by Sutan Sjahrir. DU test shows that the genetic morality is developed by the New Order. Giving the nickname PKI ( the member of Indonesian Communist Party), the new order successfully "killed" one's destiny. Both BBM and DU shows Mangunwijaya craftsmanship in his attempt to point forward the genetic morality criticism toward his society.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Disertasi ini adalah penelitian yang melihat religiositas rantau Y. B. Mangunwijaya sebagai jalan keluar dari persoalan kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan di dalam tiga novelnya, yakni Ikan-ikan Hiu, Ido, Homa (1983), Durga Umayi (1991), dan Burung-burung Rantau (1992). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode close reading untuk menganalisis religiositas rantau di antara persoalan kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan dalam tiga novel tersebut. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa tiga novel yang diteliti memperjuangkan ideologi rantau yang merupakan ideologi yang mendasari ketiga novel. Melalui ideologi tersebut ingin dilampaui berbagai persoalan kebangsaan dan kemanusiaan di masing-masing novel yang berlatar belakang ruang sosial, politis, dan geografis yang kemudian disebut dengan Indonesia di kemudian hari.

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ABSTRACT This dissertation is a result of a research which overlooked wandering religiosity as a way out for problems of nationality and humanity in Y. B. Mangunwijaya?s three novels, i.e Ikan-ikan Hiu, Ido, Homa (1983), Durga Umayi (1991), and Burung-burung Rantau (1992). The method used in this research is close reading to analyze the content of wandering religiosity among the problems of nationality and humanity in the three novels. The finding of this research is that all the three examined novels struggle for wondering ideology, the basic ideology of the three novels. With this ideology, the writer offers solutions for various problems of nationality and humanity, as described in each novel, placed in social, political and geographical settings which will later be called Indonesia.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Berdasarkan analisis alur cerita diketahui bahwa novel Durga Umayi merupakan cerita tentang tokoh utama Iin Sulinda Pertiwi Nusamusbida. Cerita berawal dengan paparan keadaan Iin yang telah menjadi wanita karier kaya raya, beralih kepada flash back tentang perjalanan hidup tokoh utama dari masa kecil, remaja, dewasa sampai menjadi wanita karier usia setengah baya...

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Abstrak :
Ditinjau dari penggunaan sudut pandang yang dipergunakan pengarang dalam sejarah kesusastraan Indonesia, tampak adanya perubahan sejak awal kemunculan novel-novel dalam sastra Indonesia hingga saat ini. penggunaan sudut pandang yang dipergunakan pengarang Y.B. Mangunwijaya dalam novel Burung-burung Manyar merupakan salah satu oontoh perubahan penggunaan sudut pandang yang menunjuk ke masa kini. Novel ini menarik untuk diteliti karena sudut pandang berganti-ganti yang digunakan pengarang dalam novel tersebut. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti peran sudut pandang bagi keberhasilan Burung-Burung Manyar sebagai sebuah karya sastra. Sebagai penelitian awal mengenai sudut pandang yang masih sangat jarang dilakukan orang, dapatlah kiranya skripsi ini dipandang sebagai umpan para peminat sastra untuk meneliti masalah sudut pandang lebih jauh lagi