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"Pendahuluan: Akumulasi zat besi berlebih, terutama pada pasien thalassemia yang menerima transfusi darah rutin, dapat memicu penyakit pernapasan seperti PPOK melalui pembentukan radikal bebas. Meskipun kelator besi seperti deferiprone efektif, deferiprone memiliki efek samping seperti neutropenia dan agranulositosis. Phaleria macrocarpa diketahui juga mengandung mangiferin yang bersifat antioksidan dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi kombinasi deferiprone dan ekstrak etanol P. macrocarpa sebagai alternatif untuk mengobati kondisi kelebihan zat besi dengan efek samping yang lebih rendah. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan tikus Sprague-Dawley (200-250 g) yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok: Normal (N), Kontrol Negatif (KN), Deferiprone (D), Phaleria macrocarpa (PM), Kombinasi Dosis Penuh (DPM-1), dan Kombinasi Setengah Dosis (DPM-2). Tikus diinjeksi iron dextran 15 mg/x selama 8 minggu. Kelompok perlakuan menerima ekstrak etanol Phaleria macrocarpa (100 mg/kgBB) selama 4 minggu, sedangkan deferiprone diberikan dalam dosis penuh (462,5 mg/kgBB) atau setengah dosis (231,2 mg/kgBB) selama 4 minggu. Kadar zat besi dalam jaringan paru diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Hasil: Kelompok PM menunjukkan penurunan kadar besi paling rendah di paru dibandingkan KN. Uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan data terdistribusi normal (p>0,05). Uji One Way Anova tidak menemukan perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p>0,05), sehingga uji post hoc tidak dilakukan. Kesimpulan: Pemberian terapi deferiprone dan ekstrak Phaleria macrocarpa secara kombinasi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam penurunan kadar besi di paru secara statistik. Namun, data menunjukkan kadar besi mengalami penurunan walaupun tidak signifkan pada kelompok PM dan DPM2.

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Introduction: Excessive iron accumulation, particularly in thalassemia patients who undergo regular blood transfusions, can lead to respiratory diseases like COPD, through free radical formation. Although iron chelators such as deferiprone are effective, they may cause side effects including neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Phaleria macrocarpa, containing mangiferin, has known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combining deferiprone with Phaleria macrocarpa extract for treating iron overload with fewer side effects. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (200–250 g) were divided into six groups: Normal (N), Negative Control (KN), Deferiprone (D), Phaleria macrocarpa (PM), Full-Dose Combination (DPM-1), and Half-Dose Combination (DPM-2). The rats were injected with 15 mg/x iron dextran for 8 weeks to induce iron overload. The treatment groups received ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (100 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks, while deferiprone was given at full dose (462.5 mg/kg body weight) or half dose (231.2 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. Iron levels in lung tissues were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Results: The PM group showed the lowest reduction in lung iron levels compared to KN. The Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed that the data were normally distributed (p>0.05). One-way Anova revealed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05), so post hoc tests weren’t conducted. Conclusion: Although the combination of deferiprone and Phaleria macrocarpa extract did not significantly reduce lung iron levels, The data showed that iron levels decreased, although not significantly, in the PM and DPM2 groups."

"Latar belakang: Besi berlebih dalam tubuh manusia dapat memicu stress oksidatif dan menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal. Malondialdehid (MDA) merupakan produk samping peroksidasi lipid akibat stres oksidatif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa mangiferin yang terkandung dalam buah Phaleria macrocarpa bermanfaat sebagai pengkelat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol buah Phaleria macrocarpa dalam menurunkan kadar MDA pada ginjal tikus yang diberi besi berlebih. Metode: 30 tikus Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, yaitu normal, kontrol negatif, Deferiprone 462,5 mg/kgBB, Mangiferin 50 mg/kgBB, ekstrak etanol Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB, dan 200 mg/kgBB. Kelompok perlakuan diinjeksikan besi sukrosa intraperitoneal (15 mg/kali) dua kali seminggu selama tiga minggu, dilanjutkan perlakuan sesuai kelompok. Pada minggu ke-7, organ ginjal diambil untuk dibuat homogenat yang selanjutnya diukur kadar proteinnya menggunakan metode Bradford. Kadar MDA diukur dengan Thiobarbituric Acid menggunakan spektrofotometer 530 nm, kemudian hasilnya dibagi kadar protein (nmol/mg protein). Uji statistik yang digunakan berupa perbandingan rerata >2 kelompok menggunakan One-Way ANOVA. Hasil: Semua kelompok induksi besi mengalami peningkatan MDA secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Pemberian mangiferin dan ekstrak etanol Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB berhasil menurunkan kadar MDA secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif. Selain itu, dosis 100 mg/kgBB juga memiliki hasil yang paling mendekati nilai normal (3,876 ± 0,248 vs 2,890 ± 0,497). Namun, pemberian dosis 200 mg/kgBB menunjukkan hasil kadar MDA yang paling tinggi (4,868 ± 0,774 nmol/mg protein). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar MDA ginjal tikus Sprague-Dawley yang paling baik dibandingkan dosis 200 mg/kgBB maupun kontrol positif.

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Introduction: Iron overload in human body may induce oxidative stress and kidney failure. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is byproduct of oxidative stress induced lipid peroxidation. Studies shown that Mangiferin in Phaleria macrocarpa fruit also useful as chelator agent. This study aims to analyze the effectivity of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits ethanol extract on reducing kidney Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rats induced by iron overload. Method: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: normal, negative control, Deferiprone 462.5 mg/kgBW, Mangiferin 50 mg/kgBW, Ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW. Intervention groups received iron sucrose intraperitoneally (15 mg/times) biweekly for three weeks, followed by corresponding group intervention. At week 7, kidneys were taken to make homogenate. Each sample homogenate was measured its protein using Bradford and MDA level using Thiobarbituric Acid method by spectrophotometer 530 nm (nmol/mg protein). Statistical test used was mean difference among >2 groups using One-Way ANOVA. Result: Iron overload induction groups were associated with significantly higher MDA levels than normal. The administration of mangiferin and ethanol extract 100 mg/kgBW successfully reduced MDA level significantly compared to negative control. Besides, 100 mg/kgBW dose group had the closest MDA to normal (3.876 ± 0.248 vs. 2.890 ± 0.497). However, dose of 200 mg/kgBW showed the highest MDA (4,868 ± 0,774 nmol/mg protein). Conclusion: The administration of 100 mg/kgBW Phaleria macrocarpa fruits ethanol extract was associated with the best reduction of kidney MDA level in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by iron overload compared to either 200 mg/kgBW dose or positive control."