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Ratna Permata Sari
"[Telah dilakukan peningkatan konduktivitas listrik LiFePO4 dengan metode penambahan material logam nano Cu dan CNTs. Metode ini menjadi pilihan yang menarik karena mudah dan murah dalam proses pembuatannya. Proses sintesis dilakukan dengan mencampur serbuk LiFePO4 (komersil) dengan variasi presentase berat nano tembaga (komersil) 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 wt. % dan 5 wt. % nano karbon (komersil)
kemudian di proses vacuum mixing dan film applicator. Pengujian XRD, SEM dan EDX dilakukan pada serbuk yang diterima untuk mengkonfirmasi fasa, ukuran butir serta ada tidaknya impurities. Hasil XRD dan EDX pada serbuk nano Cu menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi oksidasi dan terbentuk menjadi CuO dan Cu2O, serta ditemukan
adanya impurities elemen S sebesar 8.5 wt. %. Komposisi fasa yang dihasilkan dari proses penambahan didapat dari menganalisis pola difraksi XRD menunjukkan bahwa fasa yang terbentuk adalah
LiFePO4 namun ditemukan adanya impurities berupa Cu4O3 pada variasi penambahan 80 wt. % LiFePO4, 5 wt. % Cu, 5 wt. % C, dan 10 wt. % PVDF. Konduktivitas listrik diuji material katoda LiFePO4 dengan EIS, dan hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa konduktivitas listrik LiFePO4 meningkat seiiring dengan penambahan nano Cu namun tidak terlalu signifikan (dalam satu orde), hal ini dikarenakan efek oksidasi pada Cu.
Pada variasi penambahan nano C dan nano Cu terjadi peningkatan sebesar 3 orde dengan nilai konduktivitas sebesar 8.4 x 10-5 S/cm pada variasi penambahan 80 wt. % LiFePO4, 5 wt. % Cu, 5 wt. % C. Penambahan nano karbon pada LiFePO4 lebih efektif dalam peningkatan konduktivitas dibandingkan dengan penambahan nano Cu
dikarenakan efek oksidasi pada Cu yang tidak dapat dihindari. Morfologi material katoda dan distribusi nano Cu dan nano karbon dianalisis menggunakan SEM/EDX, menunjukkan material yang dicampur pada variasi penambahan nano Cu cukup homogen, struktur butir spherical, sedangkan pada variasi penambahan nano Cu dan
nano karbon struktur butir polyhedral dengan ukuran butir berada pada rentang 100- 500 nm. Struktur butir ini mempengaruhi hasil cole plot dimana pada variasi penambahan Cu terbentuk semicircle sedangkan pada penambahan nano C tidak;Improved of Electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 with the method of adding Cu Nano metal material and CNTs has been done. This method is an attractive option because it is easy and inexpensive in the manufacturing process. Synthesis process is
done by mixing the powder LiFePO4 (commercial) with a variation of the percentage by weight of Nano copper (commercial) 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 wt. % and 5 wt. % CNTs (commercial) and then process in vacuum mixing and film applicator. Testing XRD, SEM and EDX performed on the powder to confirm the phase, grain size and the presence or absence of impurities. Results of XRD and EDX on Nano Cu powder showed that there had been oxidation and formed into CuO and Cu2O, and discovered the existence of impurities elements S of 8.5 wt. %.
Phase composition as the result from adding process obtained with analyzing the XRD diffraction pattern showed that the phase formed is LiFePO4 yet found any impurities in the form of Cu4O3 on variations LiFePO4 addition of 80 wt. %, 5 wt. % Cu, 5 wt. % C, and 10 wt. % PVDF. The electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 cathode material was tested by EIS, and the results showed that the electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 increased with the addition of Nano-Cu but not too significant (still on the same order), this is because the effects of oxidation on Cu. On the addition of Nano C and Nano Cu variation there is an increase of 3 order with conductivity value 8.4 x 10-5 S / cm at variations LiFePO4 addition of 80 wt.%, 5 wt.% Cu, 5 wt.% C. The addition of CNTs is more effective in LiFePO4 conductivity increase, compared to the addition
of Nano-Cu due to the effects of oxidation on Cu are unavoidable. Cathode material morphology and distribution of CNTs and Nano Cu analyzed using SEM / EDX, showed mixed material on the variation of the addition of Nano Cu quite homogenous, spherical grain structure, while the variation of the addition of Nano Cu and CNTs structures polyhedral grains with a grain size in the range 100-500 nm. This affects the grain structure results in a variation of Cole plot where the addition of Cu is formed semicircle, while the addition of Nano C is not.;Improved of Electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 with the method of adding Cu
Nano metal material and CNTs has been done. This method is an attractive option
because it is easy and inexpensive in the manufacturing process. Synthesis process is
done by mixing the powder LiFePO4 (commercial) with a variation of the percentage
by weight of Nano copper (commercial) 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 wt. % and 5 wt. % CNTs
(commercial) and then process in vacuum mixing and film applicator. Testing XRD,
SEM and EDX performed on the powder to confirm the phase, grain size and the
presence or absence of impurities. Results of XRD and EDX on Nano Cu powder
showed that there had been oxidation and formed into CuO and Cu2O, and discovered
the existence of impurities elements S of 8.5 wt. %.
Phase composition as the result from adding process obtained with analyzing
the XRD diffraction pattern showed that the phase formed is LiFePO4 yet found any
impurities in the form of Cu4O3 on variations LiFePO4 addition of 80 wt. %, 5 wt. %
Cu, 5 wt. % C, and 10 wt. % PVDF. The electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 cathode
material was tested by EIS, and the results showed that the electrical conductivity of
LiFePO4 increased with the addition of Nano-Cu but not too significant (still on the
same order), this is because the effects of oxidation on Cu. On the addition of Nano C
and Nano Cu variation there is an increase of 3 order with conductivity value 8.4 x 10-
5 S / cm at variations LiFePO4 addition of 80 wt.%, 5 wt.% Cu, 5 wt.% C. The addition
of CNTs is more effective in LiFePO4 conductivity increase, compared to the addition
of Nano-Cu due to the effects of oxidation on Cu are unavoidable. Cathode material
morphology and distribution of CNTs and Nano Cu analyzed using SEM / EDX,
showed mixed material on the variation of the addition of Nano Cu quite homogenous,
spherical grain structure, while the variation of the addition of Nano Cu and CNTs
structures polyhedral grains with a grain size in the range 100-500 nm. This affects the
grain structure results in a variation of Cole plot where the addition of Cu is formed
semicircle, while the addition of Nano C is not., Improved of Electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 with the method of adding Cu
Nano metal material and CNTs has been done. This method is an attractive option
because it is easy and inexpensive in the manufacturing process. Synthesis process is
done by mixing the powder LiFePO4 (commercial) with a variation of the percentage
by weight of Nano copper (commercial) 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 wt. % and 5 wt. % CNTs
(commercial) and then process in vacuum mixing and film applicator. Testing XRD,
SEM and EDX performed on the powder to confirm the phase, grain size and the
presence or absence of impurities. Results of XRD and EDX on Nano Cu powder
showed that there had been oxidation and formed into CuO and Cu2O, and discovered
the existence of impurities elements S of 8.5 wt. %.
Phase composition as the result from adding process obtained with analyzing
the XRD diffraction pattern showed that the phase formed is LiFePO4 yet found any
impurities in the form of Cu4O3 on variations LiFePO4 addition of 80 wt. %, 5 wt. %
Cu, 5 wt. % C, and 10 wt. % PVDF. The electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 cathode
material was tested by EIS, and the results showed that the electrical conductivity of
LiFePO4 increased with the addition of Nano-Cu but not too significant (still on the
same order), this is because the effects of oxidation on Cu. On the addition of Nano C
and Nano Cu variation there is an increase of 3 order with conductivity value 8.4 x 10-
5 S / cm at variations LiFePO4 addition of 80 wt.%, 5 wt.% Cu, 5 wt.% C. The addition
of CNTs is more effective in LiFePO4 conductivity increase, compared to the addition
of Nano-Cu due to the effects of oxidation on Cu are unavoidable. Cathode material
morphology and distribution of CNTs and Nano Cu analyzed using SEM / EDX,
showed mixed material on the variation of the addition of Nano Cu quite homogenous,
spherical grain structure, while the variation of the addition of Nano Cu and CNTs
structures polyhedral grains with a grain size in the range 100-500 nm. This affects the
grain structure results in a variation of Cole plot where the addition of Cu is formed
semicircle, while the addition of Nano C is not.]"
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T43699
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Christian Joshua Bagaskoro
"Litium-Ferrous-Fosfat, LiFePO4 (LFP) adalah kandidat yang menjanjikan sebagai bahan katoda baterai lithium ion. Dalam penelitian ini, LFP akan disintesis dengan menggunakan Fe2O3 melalui cara solid-state dengan bantuan H3PO4 and LiOH•H2O. Setelah itu, nikel akan ditambahkan ke LFP secara komposit. Penambahan konten glukosa sebagai sumber karbon akan dilakukan dengan tiga variasi, 6%, 8% dan 10%. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan XRD dan SEM untuk mengamati efek variasi konten karbon pada struktur dan morfologi sampel yang dihasilkan.

Lithium-iron-phosphate, LiFePO4 (LFP) is one of promising candidate in development of battery cathode. In this experiment, the LFP will be synthesize using Fe2O3, H3PO4 and LiOH•H2O as precursors through solid-state process. Nickel will be added to the LFP/C to improve the properties of LFP/C. The addition of varies glucose content as a carbon source will be done, 6%, 8% and 10%. Material characterization of the samples will be done by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the effect of glucose content on the material structure and morphology."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mohamad Farhan
"Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP - LiFePO4) adalah salah satu jenis katoda dalam baterai lithium-ion. LFP memiliki struktur olivine yang membuat katoda ini bersifat stabil. Bahan pembentuk LFP tergolong murah dan LFP dapat digunakan untuk jangka panjang berkat cycle rate yang tinggi. Namun, dalam aplikasinya katoda ini memiliki konduktifitas dan kapasitas yang rendah. Dalam penelitian ini, sintesis LFP akan menggunakan metode ball-milling yang dibantu dengan ultrasonic treatment yang akan mengurangi ukuran partikel dan mempercepat penguraian precursor Fe2O3, mengakibatkan peningkatan kapasitas pada siklus tinggi. Penambahan bubuk nikel dengan jumlah 7.5%wt merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan konduktifitas dan kapasitas LFP yang rendah. Selain itu, penggunaan bubuk nikel juga merupakan opsi yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan menggunakan bahan aditif lainnya. Penelitian ini akan membandingkan LFP/C, LFP/Ni, dan dua sampel yang sama dengan penambahan metode ultrasonic. Pengamatan SEM dan XRD membuktikan bahwa dengan ultrasonic treatment partikel menjadi lebih halus dan nikel berhasil masuk ke LFP sebagai reinforcing composite.

Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP - LiFePO4) is one type of cathode in a lithium-ion battery. LFP has an olivine structure which makes this a stable cathode. LFP precursors are relatively cheap and LFP can be used for the long term thanks to its high cycle rate due to the olivine structure. However, in its application this cathode has low conductivity and capacity. In this research, LFP synthesis will use a ball-milling method which is assisted by ultrasonic treatment which will reduce particle size and accelerate the dissolution of Fe2O3 precursors, resulting in increased capacity at higher cycles. The addition of 7.5%wt of nickel powder is one way to increase conductivity and low LFP capacity. In addition, the use of nickel powder is also a cheaper alternative compared to using other additives. This study will compare LFP/C, LFP/Ni, and the same two samples with the addition of the ultrasonic method. SEM and XRD observations has proven that ultrasonic treatment has made the particle size become smoother and nickel successfully enters the LFP as a reinforcing composite."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rakha Aditama Anjani
"Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LiFePO4) adalah kandidat yang menjanjikan sebagai bahan sumber energi elektrik yang ramah lingkungan. Penambahan Ni komposit dalam baterai berbasis Li-ion dapat meningkatan performa dari baterai LiFePO4. Dalam penelitian ini, LiFePO4 akan disintesis dengan menggunakan Fe2O3, H3PO4, dan LiOH melalui cara solid-state dan dilakukan perlakuan panas yaitu sintering. Setelah itu, prekursor dikompositkan dengan tiga variasi penambahan konten Nikel dalam % berat, yaitu 5, 7 dan 10% melalui metode solid-state dengan ball mill diberi label LFP/5-Ni, LFP/7.5-Ni dan LFP/10-Ni. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan XRD dan SEM untuk mengamati efek penambahan Nikel pada struktur dan morfologi sampel yang dihasilkan.

Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LiFePO4) is a promising candidate as an environmental friendly electric energy sources. The addition of Nickel composite in Lithium-ion battery based can enhance the performance of LiFePO4 batteries. In this experiment, LiFePO4 was synthesized using Fe2O3, H3PO4, and LiOH by solid-state method and heat treated with sintering process. After that, the precursor were composited with the various Nickel composition, in % wt, 5, 7.5 and 10% with solid-state method by using ball mill and labeled as LFP/5-Ni, LFP/7.5-Ni and LFP/10-Ni respectively. The characterizations were made using XRD and SEM testing. These were performed to observe the effect of Nickel addition on structure and morphology of the resulting samples."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mohammad Ridho Nugraha
"Litium Titanat, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) adalah kandidat yang menjanjikan sebagai bahan anoda baterai lithium ion. Dalam penelitian ini, LTO/C@ZnO disintesis dengan LTO nanorod dengan metode hidrotermal dari TiO2 xerogel yang dibuat dengan metode sol-gel, litium hidroksida (LiOH), Karbon aktif, dan Zinc Oksida (ZnO) nanorod. Tiga variasi penambahan konten ZnO dalam % berat, yaitu, 4, 7 dan 10%, diberi label sampel LTO/C@ZnO-4, LTO C@ZnO-7 dan LTO/C@ZnO-10. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan XRD, SEM, FE-SEM, dan BET. Ini dilakukan untuk mengamati efek penambahan ZnO pada struktur, morfologi, dan luas permukaan sampel yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas optimum dari masing- masing sampel adalah 32,84 mAh/g dalam LTO/C@ZnO-4 dengan ukuran kristal 11,86 nm dan luas permukaan 348,736 m2/g. Dalam pengujian cyclic voltametry, menunjukkan pergeseran dalam tegangan reaksi dan pengurangan kapasitas yang disebabkan oleh penambahan C@ZnO dan kurangnya Li4Ti5O12 yang terbentuk.

Lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising candidate as lithium ion battery anode material. In this investigation, LTO/C@ZnO was synthesized with LTO nanorod by hydrothermal method using TiO2 xerogel that prepared by the sol-gel method, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), Activated carbon, and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanorod. Three variations of ZnO content addition in weight% , i.e., 4, 7 and 10%, labelled as sample LTO/C@ZnO-4, LTO/C@ZnO-7 and LTO/C@ZnO-10, respectively. The characterizations were made using XRD, SEM, FE-SEM, and BET testing. These were performed to observe the effect of ZnO addition on astructure, morphology, and surface area of the resulting samples. Result showed that the optimum discharge capacity from each samples was 32.84 mAh/g in LTO/C@ZnO-4 with the crystallite size of 11.86 nm and the surface area of 348.736 m2/g. In cyclic voltammetry testing, it shows a shift in reaction voltage and reduction in capacity that caused by the addition of C@ZnO and the lack of Li4Ti5O12 that are formed.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Benedict, Hizkia Juan
"With the rapid growing of Lithium-ion battery (LIB) across the world and in Australia for multiple purposes, LIB presents several emerging challenges such as sourcing the critical minerals (e.g., lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese) and managing the end-of-life battery waste management. The purpose of this report is to design and develop a process that is able to recover lithium from end-of-life LIB. The proposed processing plant would be located at Townsville, Queensland. The feed that is introduced to the process plant would be 3000 t/y of cathode material. The objective of the process plant is to recycle lithium in the form of lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) and the plant is aim to produce 76.06 kg/hr of Li3PO4. The product is aim to have 99.9% of lithium. The crushing section comes following alkaline leaching through hydrometallurgy main process objective is to reduce the cathode sheets to 250 microns for further leaching processes downstream. 261.74 kg/hr of cathode sheets are entering from alkaline leaching and exit as black mass from the Node-200 at flowrate of 261.48 kg/hr. Main unit in the process is the hammer mill, which is used to reduce the sizes of the cathode sheets. Other units in the process consists of conveyor belts and compressors to transport solids and gas respectively into and exiting the hammer mill with the addition of a cyclone separator to collect black mass that is brought along when sending argon from the hammer mill out into the. The estimated cost of this plant section is 25,132,887 AUD with annual electricity usage of 52,488 kW/year.

Dengan pertumbuhan pesat baterai Lithium-ion (LIB) di seluruh dunia dan di Australia untuk berbagai tujuan, LIB menghadirkan beberapa tantangan baru seperti pengadaan mineral kritis (misalnya, lithium, kobalt, nikel, mangan) dan pengelolaan limbah baterai akhir masa pakai. Tujuan dari laporan ini adalah merancang dan mengembangkan proses yang dapat memulihkan lithium dari LIB akhir masa pakai. Pabrik pengolahan yang diusulkan akan berlokasi di Townsville, Queensland. Bahan baku yang dimasukkan ke pabrik pengolahan adalah 3000 ton per tahun material katoda. Tujuan pabrik pengolahan adalah mendaur ulang lithium dalam bentuk lithium fosfat (Li3PO4) dan pabrik ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan 76,06 kg/jam Li3PO4. Produk tersebut ditargetkan memiliki 99,9% lithium. Bagian penghancuran mengikuti proses pelindian alkali melalui hidrometalurgi dengan tujuan utama mengurangi lembaran katoda menjadi 250 mikron untuk proses pelindian lebih lanjut di hilir. Sebanyak 261,74 kg/jam lembaran katoda masuk dari pelindian alkali dan keluar sebagai massa hitam dari Node-200 dengan laju aliran 261,48 kg/jam. Unit utama dalam proses ini adalah hammer mill, yang digunakan untuk mengurangi ukuran lembaran katoda. Unit lain dalam proses ini terdiri dari sabuk konveyor dan kompresor untuk mengangkut padatan dan gas masing-masing ke dalam dan keluar dari hammer mill dengan tambahan pemisah siklon untuk mengumpulkan massa hitam yang terbawa saat mengirimkan argon dari hammer mill keluar. Perkiraan biaya bagian pabrik ini adalah 25.132.887 AUD dengan penggunaan listrik tahunan sebesar 52.488 kW/tahun."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Firdaus
"Pengembangan teknologi baterai di dunia saat ini menjadi salah satu alternatif sumber tenaga pada kendaraan otomotif. Perkembangan terkini teknologi baterai telah sampai pada penggunaan lithium karbonat (Li2CO3) sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan baterai Lithium Ion. Oleh karena itu, kebutuhan material baku Li2CO3 akan meningkat sejalan dengan perkembangan riset baterai Lithium Ion ini. Di sisi lain, Indonesia disinyalir memiliki sumber daya alam mineral spodumene (LiAl(SiO3)2) dalam jumlah besar dan potensial untuk diproses menjadi Li2CO3. Proses ekstraksi spodumene menjadi Li2CO3 sebenarnya telah banyak dilakukan peneliti dan industri. Namun demikian, teknologi proses ekstraksi yang ada memiliki tahapan proses yang panjang dan melibatkan reagen dalam jumlah besar. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan proses yang lebih sederhana dan efisien. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, diusulkan teknologi ekstraksi hidrometalurgi baru dengan bahan caustic (NaOH) sebagai pelarut dalam proses pelindian untuk mendapatkan Li2CO3 pada penelitian ini. Campuran senyawa SiO2-Al2O3-LiOH yang dipanggang pada suhu 12000C digunakan sebagai mineral sintetis pengganti spodumene. Karakterisasi material dilakukan untuk menguji dan mengamati sifat fisika, kimia dan komposisi bahan mineral dan hasil ekstraksi yang didapatkan. Didapatkan perolehan maksimum lithium sebesar 9 % pada pelindian dengan NaOH selama 70 menit dan 8 % pada karbonasi dengan CO2 selama 10 dan 20 menit.

The development of battery technology in the world today to be one of the alternative sources of energy in automotive vehicles. Recent developments in battery technology have come to the use of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as a raw material to produce Lithium Ion battery. Therefore, the raw material needs of Li2CO3 will increase in line with the development of the Lithium Ion battery research. On the other hand, Indonesia has natural resources allegedly spodumene (LiAl2SiO6) in bulk and potential for processing into Li2CO3. The spodumene into Li2CO3 extraction process has actually done a lot of research and industry. However, the existing extraction technology has a long process steps and involve large amounts of reagents. Therefore, it takes the process much simpler and efficient. With this background, the proposed new hydrometallurgical extraction technology with caustic material (NaOH) as a solvent in the leaching process to get Li2CO3 was performed. SiO2-Al2O3-LiOH mixture are roasted at a temperature of 12000C, which is used, as a synthetic mineral, to substitute spodumene. Material characterization performed to test and observe the physical, chemical and mineral composition and. It is obtained 9% lithium of leaching with NaOH for 70 minutes and 8% in carbonation with CO2 for 10 and 20 minutes."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S53368
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Alyamitha Nadiyah Syafitri Baud
"Milling and LFP synthesis section (node 400) is a mechanochemical process used to grind mainly feed from node 300 (from stream 303) and node 200 (from stream 203) into a fine powder. Subsequently, solid glucose is also added to the ball mill to carbon coated the surface of regenerated LFP crystals. The LFP crystals are made by mixing FePO4 and LiFePO4 solid mixture and LiOH and Li2CO3 solution mixture under argon atmosphere. Using electrical and thermal energy solids, the feed is being mixed for 4 h using ball milling to achieve a more uniform distribution of components within the materials. At 200o C decomposed glucose promotes the reduction conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+. After heating, LiFePO4/C is synthesised under 200 ºC. Due to the involvement of organic matter glucose in the reaction, CO2 is inevitably generated in this process. In addition to carbon dioxide, the exhaust gas also contains water vapor and argon gas. They are all transferred to be treated in the next step instead of emitting. The output from this process is the crystals solids of the regenerated LFP that has been coated with carbon, this is where the final product of the whole process produced. The objective of the final process is to create a regenerated carbon coated LFP at a rate of 1001.59 tonnes/yr.

Bagian penggilingan dan sintesis LFP (node 400) adalah proses mekanokimia yang digunakan untuk menggiling terutama umpan dari node 300 (dari aliran 303) dan node 200 (dari aliran 203) menjadi bubuk halus. Selanjutnya, glukosa padat juga ditambahkan ke ball mill untuk melapisi permukaan kristal LFP yang diregenerasi dengan karbon. Kristal LFP dibuat dengan mencampurkan campuran padat FePO4 dan LiFePO4 serta campuran larutan LiOH dan Li2CO3 di bawah atmosfer argon. Menggunakan energi listrik dan termal, umpan dicampur selama 4 jam menggunakan ball milling untuk mencapai distribusi komponen yang lebih seragam di dalam bahan. Pada suhu 200°C, glukosa yang terdekomposisi mendorong konversi reduksi Fe3+ menjadi Fe2+. Setelah pemanasan, LiFePO4/C disintesis di bawah suhu 200°C. Karena keterlibatan bahan organik glukosa dalam reaksi, CO2 tidak dapat dihindari dihasilkan dalam proses ini. Selain karbon dioksida, gas buang juga mengandung uap air dan gas argon. Semuanya dipindahkan untuk diproses pada langkah berikutnya daripada dilepaskan. Hasil dari proses ini adalah kristal padat dari LFP yang diregenerasi yang telah dilapisi dengan karbon, di sinilah produk akhir dari seluruh proses dihasilkan. Tujuan dari proses akhir ini adalah untuk menghasilkan LFP yang dilapisi karbon dengan laju 1001.59 ton/tahun."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Michael
"ABSTRAK
Baterai adalah komponen listrik yang digunakan untuk menyimpan listrik. Saat ini, baterai yang paling banyak digunakan adalah baterai Lithium Ion. Baterai lithium memiliki kepadatan energi yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan pendahulunya, tetapi sangat beracun dan berbahaya bagi organisme hidup dan memerlukan penanganan yang hati-hati dalam operasinya, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan sistem manajemen baterai. Dalam tesis ini, dirancang perlindungan overcharging dan sistem manajemen baterai balancing pasif untuk baterai Lithium seri terhubung. Pengujian prototipe dilakukan dengan menguji kemampuan perlindungan pengisian berlebih dengan memantau setiap tegangan sel dan nilai saat ini saat diisi. Pengujian kemampuan balancing pasif dilakukan dengan mengukur setiap tegangan sel saat diisi. Berdasarkan dari data pengujian prototipe sirkuit balancing overcharging dan pasif, disimpulkan bahwa prototipe mampu memberikan perlindungan pengisian daya yang berlebihan dan mampu menyeimbangkan secara pasif setiap seri sel baterai terhubung pada 3,75 Volt menggunakan 0,2 Ampere arus pengisian.

ABSTRACT
atteries are electrical components that are used to store electricity. Currently, the most widely used battery is a Lithium Ion battery. Lithium batteries have a relatively high energy density compared to their predecessors, but are highly toxic and dangerous to living organisms and require careful handling in their operations, one of which is to use a battery management system. In this thesis, designed overcharging protection and passive battery balancing management system for connected series Lithium batteries. Prototype testing is done by testing the overcharging protection capability by monitoring each cell voltage and current value when charged. Passive balancing capability testing is done by measuring every cell voltage when filled. Based on the prototype overcharging and passive balancing circuit testing data, it was concluded that the prototype is able to provide excessive charging protection and is able to passively balance each series of battery cells connected at 3.75 Volts using 0.2 Amperes of charging current.
"
2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wildan Nurasad
"Tahapan proses yang dilakukan untuk pengambilan kembali logam lithium adalah leaching, pembuatan membran emulsi, dan ekstraksi. Limbah baterai Li-Ion dikarakterisasi terlebih dahulu dengan XRD. Hasil XRD menunjukan bahwa terdapat kandungan logam lithium di limbah dalam bentuk LiCoO2. Kondisi optimum untuk proses leaching adalah menggunakan asam sitrat 1,5 M, rasio padatan/cairan: 20 gram/L, dan kecepatan pengadukan 400 rpm pada suhu 550C selama 50 menit dengan hasil 99,3% lithium berhasil ter-leaching. Lalu untuk kondisi optimum proses pembuatan membran emulsi adalah menggunakan 0,03 M Cyanex 921, 8% w/v SPAN 80, 0,05 M H2SO4, rasio volume fasa ekstraktan/fasa internal: 1/1, dan kecepatan pengadukan 1150 rpm selama 60 menit yang mampu menghasilkan membran emulsi dengan tingkat kestabilan diatas 90% setelah 4 jam. Selanjutnya pada proses ekstraksi dengan kondisi optimum pH 6 untuk fasa umpan, rasio volume fasa emulsi/fasa umpan: 1/2, dan kecepatan pengadukan 175 rpm selama 15 menit dengan hasil 63,4% lithium berhasil ter-ekstrak.

The process to acquire lithium metal are leaching, creation of emulsion membrane, and extraction. The spent Li-Ion battery was characterized first by XRD. Result of XRD showed that there is lithium in spent battery in the form of LiCoO2. The optimum condition for leaching process is using citric acid 1,5 M, solid/liquid ratio: 20 gram/L, and stirring speed 400 rpm in 550C for 50 minutes with result 99,3% lithium successfully leached. Then the optimum condition to make emulsion membrane is using 0,03 M Cyanex 921, 8% w/v SPAN 80, 0,05 M H2SO4, extractant phase/internal phase volume ratio: 1/1, and stirring speed 1150 rpm for 60 minutes able to produce emulsion membrane with stability level of above 90% after 4 hours. Next in extraction process with optimum condition pH 6 for external phase, emulsion phase/external phase volume ratio: 1/2, and stirring speed 175 rpm for 15 minutes with result 63,4% lithium successfully extracted."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2016
S63081
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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