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"DPR fullflled mandate of the people, one of its way is through legislation function, namely formedAct with an agreement with the President. Expectations of the people filled with less than optimalby DPR caused by the performance of the parliament in the field of legislation which was lessthan satisfactory because did not fulfill the Prolegnas target which they had made themself. Thiscondition caused the functions of DPR as parliament not fully carried out in encouraging peopleprosperity and developing the country. Hence, it is important to do a series of policy and concretesteps to minimize problems that involve parliament as well as to promote better performancelegislation function in the House of Representatives.DPR melaksanakan amanat rakyat antara lain melalui fungsi legislasi, yakni membentuk UUdengan kesepakatan bersama Presiden. Harapan rakyat kurang dipenuhi secara optimal oleh DPRdisebabkan kinerja parlemen di bidang legislasi yang kurang memuaskan karena tidak memenuhitarget Prolegnas yang dibuatnya sendiri. Kondisi ini menyebabkan fungsi-fungsi DPR sebagaiparlemen kurang maksimal dalam mendorong kesejahteraan rakyat dan kemajuan negara.Untuk itu penting dilakukan serangkaian kebijakan dan langkah konkret guna meminimalisirpermasalahan yang membelit parlemen sekaligus mendorong peningkatan kinerja DPR dalamfungsi legislasi."

"One of important mechanisms considered effective to protect civil and political rights of thecitizens in Indonesia is constitutional review. This mechanism was created after the constitutionalreform by establishing the new Constitutional Court in 2003 as an independent and separatecourt from the Supreme Court. This article examines the development of human rights guaranteedin the Indonesian Constitution. It also provides a critical analysis of the Constitutional Court?srole in protecting civil and political rights in Indonesia through its landmark decisions on fivecategories, namely: (1) freedom of assembly and association; (2) freedom of opinion, speech andexpression; (3) freedom of religion; (4) right to life; and (5) due process of law. This researchwas conducted based on qualitative research methodology. It used a non-doctrinal approach byresearching the socio-political impacts of the Constitutional Court?s decisions. Although there arestill inconsistencies in its decisions, the research concludes that the Constitutional Court has takena step forward for a better protection of civil and political rights in Indonesia that never existedprior to the reform.Salah satu mekanisme yang dianggap efektif untuk melindungi hak sipil dan politik warga negaradi Indonesia adalah pengujian konstitusional. Mekanisme ini dibentuk pasca reformasi konstitusidengan mendirikan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada 2003 sebagai peradilan yang independen danterpisah dari Mahkamah Agung. Artikel ini menganalisa perkembangan hak asasi manusiayang dijamin di dalam UUD 1945. Selain itu, artikel ini juga memberikan analisa kritis terhadapperan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam perlindungan hak sipil dan politik di Indonesia melaluiputusan-putusan pentingnya (landmark decisions) pada lima kategori, yaitu: (1) kebebasanuntuk bekumpul dan berserikat; (2) kebebasan berpendapat, berbicara, dan berekspresi; (3)kebebasan beragama; (4) hak untuk hidup; dan (5) proses peradilan yang adil. Penelitian inidilakukan berdasarkan pada metodologi penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatannon-doktrinal dengan meneliti dampak sosio-politik dari putusan-putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.Meskipun masih terdapat inkonsistensi di dalam putusannya, penelitian ini menyimpulkanbahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi telah memberikan kontribusi satu langkah ke depan yang lebih baikterhadap perlindungan hak sipil dan politik di Indonesia yang tidak pernah terjadi sebelum erareformasi."

"Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers are vulnerable and thus, provided special international law protections. However, in reality, they are being mistreated as illegal immigrants and on the receiving end of ethnic violence, discrimination, restrictions in enjoyment of their rights duly recognised by international human rights law. This article identifies legislative, policy and support mechanisms which encompass the minimum UMAS guardianship standards at international law and which are evidence-based from best practice models for the provision of guardians for UMAS internationally. It presents situation of UMAS in relation to human rights violations with emphasis on the legal framework and practices in Australia and five ASEAN State Members. This article also highlights the various stands taken by various countries providing better legal framework and practices regarding the terms for protection and enforcement of human rights for UMAS. Finally, this article provides recommendations for Australia and ASEAN Member States to adopt in order to realise the international human rights of UMAS with respect to guardianship.

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Pencari suaka di bawah umur (Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers (UMAS)) berada dalam keadaan rentan dan karenanya mendapat perlindungan hukum internasional khusus. Namun demikian, atas dasar ras, mereka seringkali diperlakukan sebagai imigran ilegal di banyak dan menjadi korban tindak kekerasan, diskriminasi dan hambatan menerima hak-hak mereka sebagaimana yang telah dijamin dalam hukum hak asasi manusia internasional. Artikel ini mengidentifikasi peraturan legislatif, mekanisme kebijakan dan dukungan, yang memenuhi standar minimum perwalian dalam hukum internasional dan yang terbukti menjadi model praktik terbaik terkait peraturan perwalian UMAS secara internasional. Artikel ini juga menjelaskan situasi yang dialami UMAS dalam kaitannya dengan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dengan penekanan pada kerangka hukum dan praktik di Australia dan lima negara ASEAN. Selain itu, artikel ini juga menyoroti pandangan negara-negara dalam menyediakan kerangka hukum dan pelaksanaan yang lebih baik terkait persyaratan perlindungan dan penegakan hukum hak asasi manusia bagi UMAS. Pada bagian akhir, artikel ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi Australia dan negara anggota ASEAN untuk mengakui hak asasi manusia internasional UMAS terkait perwalian."

"The adoption of Law Number 22 Year 1999 led to the expansion of regional governments? autonomy,applying autonomy in the broadest sense of the word, by focusing merely on ?decentralization?,while disregarding the principle of de-concentration. Governmental affairs submitted based ondecentralization refer to authority by attribution, whereas de-concentration refers to authority bydelegation. Prior to the reform era, the management of mining was based on Law Number 11 Year1967, whereby the basis of management authority was the classification of excavated materialsnamely category a, category b, and category c. Subsequently, with the implementation of thereform era, Law Number 11 Year 1967 was negated by the adoption of Government RegulationNumber 75 Year 2001, granting mining management authority to the Minister, Governor, Regentor Mayor concerned in accordance with their authority respectively. As a result of the above, theconcept as provided for in Law Number 11 Year 1967 became inapplicable. This continued to be thecase up to the adoption of Law Number 4 Year 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, which inprinciple adopts the concept which has been adjusted to the concept of granting autonomy to theregional government as set forth in Law Number 22 Year 1999.Berlakukannya Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999, membawa dampak pembesaran otonomipemerintah daerah, terutama pada Kabupaten dan Kota, dengan diterapkannya otonomi seluasluasnya,dimana asas yang diterapkan hanya ?desentralisasi? semata, tanpa penerapan asasdekonsentrasi. Urusan pemerintahan yang diserahkan berdasarkan desentralisasi merujukpada kewenangan atribusian, sedangkan dekonsentrasi merujuk pada kewenangan delegasian.Sebelum era reformasi pengelolaan pertambangan didasarkan pada Undang-undang Nomor 11Tahun 1967, dimana kewenangan pengelolaan didasarkan pada penggolongan bahan galiangolongana, golongan b, dan golongan c. Kemudian setelah berlangsungnya era reformasi, UndangundangNomor 11 Tahun 1967 ternegasikan dengan dibentuknya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor75 Tahun 2001, yang memberikan kewenangan pengelolaan pertambangan kepada Menteri,Gubernur, Bupati atau Walikota sesuai kewenangan masing-masing. Dengan demikian konsepsebagaimana diatur Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1967 menjadi tidak dapat diterapkan. Halini berlangsung sampai terbitnya Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang PertambanganMineral dan Batubara, yang pada dasarnya menganut konsep yang disesuaikan dengan konseppemberian otonomi kepada pemerintah daerah sebagaimana diatur Undang-undang Nomor 22Tahun 1999."

"One of the most observable achievements in the development of liberal democracy in Indonesia after the fall of the Soeharto?s New Order is the flourishing freedom of the press. One notable case was the Indonesian Playboy magazine and court decisions pertaining to it, which was successful in drawing massive public and even international attention. By thoroughly describing thoughts, feelings, values, and beliefs of various actors involved, this article explains the impacts of liberal democracy experimentation in Indonesia after the amendment of 1945 Constitution. This case has provided an excellent opportunity in observing the rule of law in enforcing the freedom of the press in Indonesia facing social cultural elements strongly adhered to by Indonesian people.

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Salah satu pencapaian yang terlihat dalam perkembangan demokrasi liberal di Indonesia pasca runtuhnya Orde Baru Soeharto adalah berkembangnya kebebasan pers. Kasus yang kemudian cukup krusial adalah majalah Playboy Indonesia dan putusan pengadilan yang berkaitan dengannya, yang mana berhasil menarik perhatian publik yang masif dan bahkan perhatian dunia internasional. Dengan benar-benar mendeskripsikan pemikiran, perasaan, nilai, dan kepercayaan dari berbagai pelaku yang terlibat, artikel ini menjelaskan dampak-dampak dari percobaan demokrasi liberal di Indonesia pasca amandemen UUD 1945. Kasus ini telah membuka kesempatan yang sangat baik dalam mengamati rule of law dalam melaksanakan kebebasan pers di Indonesia menghadapi elemen sosial budaya yang sangat ditaati oleh masyarakat Indonesia."

"Every government operates secrecy as one of mechanism to protect thestate, the people, and the assets from threats. There is lack of clarity ofrules for the secrecy system in Indonesia. Ultimately, there is no uniformconception among government officials, because each agency makes itsown policy and system. This condition brings disadvantage to society,because there is no clear guidance on this subject and it will not beable to push the government to act more responsible in managing theinformation. The rules about ?closed archives? in Law No. 43 of 2009about Archives and the term of ?security classification? that mentionedin Government Regulation No. 28 of 2012 about the Implementationof Law No. 43 of 2009 about Archives, do not help at all in solving thatproblems. To get the accountability in the management of closed archive,the government does not have any other option than establishing a setof rules that describe a clear secrecy system. The secrecy concept canbe framed within the concept of records life cycle, in order to be moreadjustable to the existing system."

"A new property right known as the coastal waters commercial use right (Hak Pengusahaan Pengairan Pesisir (HP-3)) introduced by Law No. 27 of 2007 regarding the Management of Coastal and Small Island Areas has been ruled inoperative by the Constitutional Court. The decision raises a question as to whether the door has been closed to marketbased instruments that rely on property rights as a policy tool in natural resources management. This concern is relevant as legal developments in natural resources law internationally have moved away from traditional forms of regulation to focus on the creation of new statutory property rights such as fisheries rights, water use rights and rights associated with carbon sequestration. An exploration of theConstitutional Court?s decisionsuggests that a similar line of reasoning would not, and should not,arise in relation to other forms of property rights that the Government of Indonesia may seek to introduce in the future."