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Abstrak :
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family. It acts as a defense in host animals against microbes and viruses, since it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activities. This title explores research in the field.

Abstrak :
The effects of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the growth of Candida species and on inflammatory cytokine production in gingival keratinocytes, NDUSD-1 co-cultured with Candida strains were investigated. The results showed that bLF at 10 and 100 μg/mL significantly inhibits the growth of two C. albicans strains and two C. glabrata strains isolated from the saliva of elderly people requiring nursing care, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in NDUSD-1 co-cultured with each of these four Candida strains were measured. C. albicans tend to have a more potent capacity than C. glabrata to induce the production of the inflammatory cytokines in NDUSD-1. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in NDUSD-1 co-cultured with each of Candida species were measured after addition of bLF. bLF at concentrations from 1 to 100 μg/mL significantly inhibited the production of these cytokines in NDUSD-1 co-cultured with Candida species. These findings suggest that bLF may be useful in reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia among elderly people requiring care for whom oral care is difficult.

Abstrak :
Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit menular kronis yang paling umum pada anak-anak usia prasekolah. Bentuk agresif karies gigi pada gigi sulung anak di bawah, sampai dengan usia 71 bulan disebut dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesia melaporkan prevalensi dan keparahan ECC yang tinggi hingga mencapai angka 90%. DKI Jakarta memiliki prevalensi sebesar 81,2%. Faktor risiko utama ECC yaitu host (gigi dan saliva), mikroorganisme kariogenik, dan karbohidrat (substrat). Mikroorganisme kariogenik yang berperan yaitu Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian di Jakarta pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies, menunjukkan bahwa serotipe f merupakan jenis yang paling banyak di temukan (85,5%), diikuti dengan serotipe c (74,2%), serotipe e (22,6%) dan serotipe d (19,4%). Penelitian lainnya di Jakarta menemukan bahwa kombinasi serotipe c dan f lebih tinggi pada anak yang memiliki karies. Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan f berperan dalam patogenesis karies gigi, hal tersebut sesuai dengan tingginya tingkat karies gigi di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor host yaitu saliva, merupakan cairan tubuh yang kompleks yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur organik dan anorganik yang penting untuk kesehatan rongga mulut. Komposisi protein saliva seperti Lactoferrin sangat penting karena memiliki kemampuan antibakteri serta berperan dalam sistem imun bawaan dan adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kadar Lactoferrin saliva antara anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dan bebas karies pada usia 3-5 tahun. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang analitik secara laboratorik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 14 anak dengan ECC dan 14 anak bebas karies. Saliva didapat dari seluruh subjek dan kadar LF diukur menggunakan metode ELISA sandwich. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann Whitney U menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Lactoferrin anak ECC dan anak bebas karies dengan nilai p=0,006 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar Lactoferrin saliva anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) lebih tinggi dari anak bebas karies yang menunjukkan bahwa Lactoferrin dapat menjadi indikator peningkatan risiko Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Backgrounds: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in preschool children. The aggressive form of dental caries in the primary teeth of children under and up to the age of 71 months is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesia reports a high prevalence and severity of ECC (90%). DKI Jakarta has a prevalence 81.2%. The main risk factors for ECC are hosts (teeth and saliva), cariogenic microorganisms, and carbohydrates (substrates). The cariogenic microorganisms that play a role are Streptococcus mutans. Research in Jakarta on children aged 3-5 years who had caries, showed that serotype f was the most common type (85.5%), followed by serotype c (74.2%), serotype e (22.6%) and serotype d (19.4%). Another study in Jakarta found that the combination of serotypes c and f was higher in children with caries. Streptococcus mutans serotypes c and f play a role in the pathogenesis of dental caries, which is consistent with the high level of dental caries in Indonesia. One of host factor, saliva, is a complex body fluid consist of organic and inorganic elements that are important for oral health. Salivary protein such as Lactoferrin is very important because it has antibacterial ability and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune system. The purpose of this study is to analyze Lactoferrin levels between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and caries-free children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional analytical laboratory. This study was conducted on 14 children with ECC and 14 caries-free children. Saliva were taken from all subjects and the Lactoferrin levels were measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysis using the Mann Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences between the levels of salivary Lactoferrin in children with ECC and caries-free children with pvalue 0,006 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Salivary Lactoferrin levels in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) were higher than caries-free children which indicate that Lactoferrin can be an indicator of an increased risk of Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian awal lni adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian laktoferin sapi terbedap jumlah limfosit CD4+ penderita HIV positif dewasa. Penelitian dilakukan di POKDISUS AIDS RSUPNCM Jakarta, mulai bulan Februari 2010 sampai dengan bulan April2010. Dua puluh delapan subyak yang diseleksi dari pasien HIV positif dengan metode consecutive sampling mengikuti penelitian ini dari awal sampai akhir. Semua subyek diberi kapsul berisi 200 mg laktoferin sapL Kapsul diminum setiap hari satu butir selama enam minggu. Data dikumpulkan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian kapsul laktoferin melalui wawanoara, pengukuran antropometrik, dan pemerikarum laboratorium darah untuk penentuan jumiah limfosit CD4'. Data asupan makanan direntukan dengan menggunakan metode food recall lx24 jam dan food record 3x24 jam pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Nilai rerata jumlah limfosit CD4+ sebelum pemberian laktoferin adalah 231,85 ± 122,89 seVL (50,00-731,00 seVf!L) sesudah enam minggu perlakuan. Uji Wilcoxon terhadap kadua nilai tersebut, tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,22). Sahelum diberikan laktoferin, nilai rerata jumlah limfusit CD4+ subyek yang belum mendapat ARV adalah 302,33 ± 132,79 seV tL dan meningkat menjadi 345,33 ± 202,33 sell tL pada akhir penelitian. Respon serupa ditemukan pula pada subyek yang telah mendapat ARV di mana jumiah limfosit CD4' sebelum pemberian laktoferin adalah 178,00 ± 84,77 seii L, 122,66 seV tL. Uji t be!pasangan terhadap peningkatan jumlah Jimfosit CD4+ antara subyek yang sudah dan belum mentiapat ARV, temyata tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,12). Perbaikan jumlah limfosit CD4+ sesudah pemberian laktoferin terjadi pada 7 (58,33%) dari 12 subyek yang belum mendapat ARV dan pnda 9 (56,25%) dari 16 subyek yang mendapat ARV. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan jumlah limfosit CD4+ pada kedua kelompok. ......The aim of this preliminary study is to find out the effect of bovine lactoferin administration on CD4+ lymphocyte count of adult H!V-infected patients. "!he study was conducted from February to April 2010, at POKDJSUS AIDS Department of Internal Medicine, Central District Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSUPNCM) Jakarta. Subjects were selected from HIV-positive patients and only 2& were fully participated in the study. Capsules containing 200 mg of bovine lactoferrin were taken orally by all subjects once a day fur six weeks. Data were collected before and after bovine lactoferrin administration by interview, anthropometric measurement, and laboratory examination of blood for determining CD4+ lymphocyte count. Daily dietary intake data were determined by using I x 24 hour food recall and 3 x 24 hour food record at the beginning and at the end of the study. Mean value of CD4.._ lymphocyte count before lactoferrin administration was 231.85 ± 122.89 cells/j.tL and increased to median value of 236.50 cells/j.tL (50.00-731.00 cellslj.tL) after six weeks intervention. Wilcoxon test on the above values showed no significant difference (IF0.22). Mean value of CD4+ lymphocyte count of untreated subjects with ARV before lactoferrin administration was 302.33 ± 132.79 cellsiJ.lL and increased to 345.33 ± 202.33 cells/j.!L at the end of study. 1he same response was also found in treated subjects with ARV where the mean value of CD4'" lymphocyte count increased from 78.00 ± 84.77 cells/).IL before lactoferrin administration to 204.38 ± 122.66 cells/J.tL, thereafter. Paired t-test on the increased CD4+ lymphocyte count between treated and untreated subjects with ARV showed no significant difference (JFO.I2). The improvement of CD4+ lymphocyte count after lactoferrin administration was seen in 7 out of 12 untreated subjects (58.33%) and in 9 out of 16 treated subject? with ARV (56.25%). Chi-Square's test showed that the improvement on both groups was not significant (p 0.91).