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Abstrak :
Ruminants are herbivorous mammals that have special digestive tract, rumen, where digestion of cellulose and polysaccharides can be carried out by rumen microorganisms. Methanogenic bacteria in the rumen using H2 compounds results from anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates to form methane. Methane production in the rumen is an energetically wasteful process, since the feed intake will be converted to methane and eructated as gas (Bunthoen, 2007). Rumen protozoa have a potential role in the process of digestion and breakdown of organic material. Hydrogen (H2) as one of the protozoa fermentation products are used by methanogenic bacteria to form methane. This causing methanogenic bacteria often found living attached to the surface of protozoa to keep a constant supply of hydrogen. The purpose of this study is to enumerate the number of methanogenic bacteria and protozoa with different diet and after the addition of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10 in vitro. This report consist of two parts, which are (1) Effect of Feeding Composition on Total Methanogenic Bacteria and Protozoa Rumen, and (2) Influence of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10 on Total Methanogenic Bacteria and Protozoa In Vitro. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology? Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Bogor, from September 2008 ? May 2009. The treatment are diet A with ratio of grass : concentrate (30 : 70) and diet B with ratio of grass : concentrate (70 : 30). The probiotic L. plantarum TSD-10 dose are 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% v/v. The number of methanogenic bacteria obtained from diet A ranges between (0,74 ? 0,89) x 107 cfu/ml, whereas in diet B ranged from (1,71 ? 2,58) x 107 cfu/ml. Methanogenic bacteria average on feed B ((2,19 ± 0,44) x 107 cfu/ml) higher than the feed A ((0,82 ± 0,07) x 107 cfu/ml). Based on the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), different composition of diet A and B, significantly affect the number of methanogenic bacteria ( 5%), with the best diet composition in suppressing the growth of methanogenic bacteria is diet A. The number of methanogenic bacteria in diet B are higher since the value of a more alkaline pH (8). According to Mirzaei-Aghsaghali et al. (2008), methanogenic bacteria are sensitive to changes in pH. Decrease in pH value will decrease the number of methanogenic bacteria and cause less methane gas produced. The low number of methanogenic bacteria on diet A, can also be caused by the ratio of acetate : propionate obtained lower than in diet B, and it also causes a lower pH of the diet A (Lana et al., 1998). The ANOVA showed the methanogenic bacteria average between diet A and B in the morning and afternoon sampling significantly different between treatments ( 5%), with the best treatment in suppressing methanogenic bacteria from each sampling were diet A. Increased methanogenic bacteria after feeding may be associated with the presence of protozoa in the rumen cilliata that serves as a producer of hydrogen and bacterial attachment to methanogen. Composition diet B low in fiber and high in starch are preferred by the protozoan (Leedle and Greening, 1988). The number of protozoa obtained from the diet A ranges between (1,93 ? 3,95) x 105 cells/ml, whereas the diet B ranged from (2,81 ? 4,35) x 105 cells/ ml. Protozoa average on diet B ((3,76 ± 0,83) x 105 cells/ml) higher than the diet A ((3,08 ± 1,04) x 105 cells/ml). Based on the ANOVA, differences composition diet A and B, not significantly different between treatments (5%). Diet B with a higher pH value causes no influential ration of protozoa, which does not cause a decrease in the number of protozoa. The ANOVA indicate that the average range of protozoa between diet A and B are significantly different (5%) in the morning sampling, with the best treatment in suppressing the number of protozoa are diet A. The afternoon sampling, ANOVA showed that the treatment was not significantly different (5%). Protozoa observed in treatment diet A and B are families of, Ophryoscolecidae, Isotrichidae and Blepharocorythidae. Most number obtained from each diet is Ophryoscolecidae, while the less is Blepharocorythidae. This is due to Ophryoscolecidae a part of the Order Entodiniomorphida who compiled most of rumen cilliata. In the contrary, Family Isotrichidae and Blepharocorythidae are part of the order Trichostomatida which is rarely found in rumen (Ogimoto and Imai, 1981). Decreasing in the number of methanogenic bacteria in the diet B (56,8%) higher than diet A (29,8%), while the decrease in the number of protozoa in the diet B (64,9%) higher than diet A (62,7% ). Diet B with a higher concentrate composition can provide a change in the pattern of rumen fermentation. These changes make the environment less suitable for methanogenic bacterial growth. One of the unfavorable change is a reduction of rumen pH values (Moss et al., 2000). On the addition of probiotics in vitro, the ANOVA showed the range of the number of methanogenic bacteria was not significantly different ( 5%) on the variations of diet A and B but significantly different (5%) on the number of protozoa, with the best in suppressing the growth of protozoa are diet A. Variations doses of probiotic significantly different (5%) on the number of methanogenic bacteria and protozoa, with the best dose 5% v/v to suppress methanogenic bacteria and 15% v/v to suppress protozoa in vitro. Feed Digestibility Coefficient (FDC) shows the FDC from 27,99 ? 31,95%, while the diet B ranged from 25,85 to 31,3%. In diet A, the value FDC obtained tended to increase (8,5%) along with increasing concentration of probiotic L. plantarum TSD-10. Increasing FDC value expected to suppress the growth of methanogenic bacteria by altering the rumen fermentation pattern which results in volatile fatty acids produced. Diet A shows the value of higher acetate than propionate, because diet A high on fiber that will support the growth of the acetate-producing bacteria species, diet B rich in starch that supports the growth of propionic-producing bacteria species, and marked by increasing propionate than acetate (France and Dijkstra, 2005).

Abstrak :
Sebanyak enam strain Lactobacillus plantarum diteliti untuk menguji kemampuan antifungi terhadap kapang yang tumbuh pada silase. Suspensi sel L. plantarum strain DSK3, DR162, dan DP142 yang diisolasi dari dadih, strain 1A2 diisolasi dari tapai, strain TSD10 diisolasi dari kotoran sapi dan strain 1BL2 diisolasi dari buah strawberi memiliki kemampuan antifungi terhadap Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.(1), dan Penicillium sp.(2), namun tidak memiliki kemampuan antifungi terhadap jamur merah dan jamur putih dengan metode double layer agar well diffusion. Supernatan L. plantarum yang diendapkan dengan amonium sulfat 60% pada pengujian paper disc assay menunjukkan kemampuan antifungi pada L. plantarum strain DSK3, 1A2, DR162, TSD10, dan 1BL2 terhadap A. fumigatus, namun tidak menunjukkan kemampuan antifungi terhadap Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.(1), dan Penicillium sp.(2). Suspensi sel semua strain L. plantarum menghasilkan zona hambat total terhadap A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.(2) dan zona hambat parsial terhadap Penicillium sp.(1). Ekstrak supernatan L. plantarum strain DSK3, 1A2, DR162, TSD10, dan 1BL2 menghasilkan zona hambat parsial terhadap A. fumigatus. ......Six strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were assayed to detect anti-fungi against moulds in silage. Cell suspension of L. plantarum strains DSK3, DR162, and DP142 which were isolated from dadih, strain 1A2 isolated from tapai, strain TSD10 isolated from dung and strain 1BL2 isolated from strawberry showed anti-fungi against A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.(1), Penicillium sp.(2), but there was no anti-fungi against red and white moulds in double layer agar well diffusion method. Supernatant of L.plantarum was precipitated with 60% ammonium sulfate. Supernatant extract of L. plantarum strain DSK3, 1A2, DR162, TSD10, and 1BL2, assayed with paper disc method, showed anti-fungi against A. fumigatus. There was no anti-fungi against Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.(1) and Penicillium sp.(2). Cell suspension of L. plantarum produced a total inhibition zone of A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.(2) and a partial inhibition zone of Penicillium sp.(1), whereas the supernatant extract of L. plantarum produced partial inhibition zone of A. fumigatus.

Abstrak :
Karakterisasi isolat Lactobacillus plantarum strain AKK30 telah dilakukan. Data penelitian menguatkan dugaan L. plantarum strain AKK30 mengandung gen plantarisin dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif antibiotik pada pakan ayam. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DNA sequencing untuk meneliti gen plantarisin dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serta ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) untuk mengetahui profil asam amino strain tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki kandungan gen plantarisin, antara lain gen plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, dan plnO. Dendrogram dikonstruksi dengan membandingkan gen plantarisin L. plantarum AKK30 dan gen plantarisin L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2), dan V90 (FJ809773.1). Dendrogram menunjukkan bahwa gen plantarisin pada L. plantarum AKK30 berkerabat dekat dengan beberapa gen penyandi plantarisin yang berkaitan dengan sistem induksi plantarisin (gen plnA) dan imun (gen plnE, plnF, plnJ, dan plnK) dari L. plantarum. Hasil kromatografi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga asam amino dengan kadar lebih dari 1.500 mg/kg dari L. plantarum AKK30, yaitu glisin (Gly), prolin (Pro), dan asam glutamat (Glu). Asam amino tertinggi dari sampel ialah Gly (2.480,42 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kadar asam amino Gly dan alanin (Ala), diindikasikan isolat tersebut mampu memproduksi plantarisin. Isolat L. plantarum AKK30 juga diindikasikan memiliki kemampuan proteolitik dan produksi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yang penting dalam probiotik. Oleh karena itu, L. plantarum AKK30 dianggap mampu menjadi probiotik sebagai pengganti antibiotik untuk ayam. ......Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 has been characterized. Research was carried out in order to investigate plantaricin genes by using DNA sequencing. In addition amino acid profiling of the strain was conducted using by chromatography methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the sample has plantaricin genes, particularly plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, plnO genes. Dendrogram was constructed to compare plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 and plantaricin genes of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2) and V90 (FJ809773.1). It showed that plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 are closely related to plantaricin-encoding genes which responsible to plantaricin induction (plnA gene) and immune system (plnE, plnF, plnJ and plnK genes) of L. plantarum bacteria. Chromatography results showed that L. plantarum AKK30 produces three amino acids with levels of more than 1,500 mg/kg, i.e., glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and glutamic acid (Glu). The highest amino acid was glycine (2,480.42 mg/kg). Based on the amino acid levels of Gly and alanine (Ala), it indicates that L. plantarum AKK30 can produce plantaricin. Thus, the data strengthened the hypothesis that L. plantarum AKK30 plantaricin genes and is recognized to be a potential probiotic to substitute antibiotic for chicken broiler.

Abstrak :
Pengembangan penghantaran tertarget kolon bertujuan agar pelepasan obatnya mencapai target terapetik yang selektif sehingga dapat memaksimalkan efeknya baik dengan tujuan pengobatan secara sistemik maupun lokal. Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0461 yang telah dikembangkan dalam bentuk sediaan pelet dapat menjadi alternatif dalam terapi diare yang menjadi salah satu target penyakit dengan pengobatan tertarget kolon. Optimasi formula penyalut dilakukan untuk mendapatkan profil pelepasan obat yang lebih baik berdasarkan parameter persen kumulatif pelepasan probiotik melalui uji disolusi dengan medium yang menyerupai kondisi saluran pencernaan. Pelet yang dilapisi Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) dengan konsentrasi 5% menunjukkan profil pelepasan obat yang lebih baik dibandingkan konsentrasi 7,5% dan 10% selama pengamatan 24 jam dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 50,5%; 24,3% dan 18,0%. Nilai tersebut sebanding dengan jumlah sel viabelnya dimana CAP dengan konsentrasi 5% > 7,5% > 10% dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 3,45±0,520x107; 1,5±2,598x107 dan 1,05±2,598x107. Hasil uji secara in vivo menggunakan hewan uji tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley menunjukkan bahwa kelompok hewan uji yang mendapat perlakuan sediaan pelet tertarget kolon yang mengandung L.plantarum FNCC-0461 mengalami perbaikan setelah dilakukan induksi E. coli dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Efektivitas ini dinilai berdasarkan parameter farmakodinamiknya, terutama nilai rata-rata intensitas BAB sebesar 4,67±0,52 kali dengan konsistensi feses berada pada skala 0 (bentuk padat) diakhir pengamatan serta kandungan kadar air sekum rata-rata sebesar 43,52±2,177%. Keberhasilan lain juga terlihat dari perubahan berat badan yang lebih stabil, nafsu makan yang meningkat, nilai total BAL yang lebih tinggi, dan total E. coli yang lebih rendah dari kelompok lainnya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formulasi sediaan pelet tertarget kolon dengan konsentrasi CAP 5% yang mengandung L. plantarum FNCC-0461 memiliki efektivitas sebagai antidiare. ......The development of colon-targeted delivery aims to ensure that the drug release reaches selective therapeutic targets so that it can maximize its effects for both systemic and local treatment purposes. Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0461 which has been developed in pellet dosage form can be an alternative in diarrhea therapy which is one of the disease targets with colon-targeted treatment. Optimization of the coating formula was carried out to obtain a better drug release profile based on the cumulative percent parameter of probiotic release through a dissolution test with a medium that resembles the conditions of the digestive tract. Pellets coated with CAP (Cellulose Acetate Phthalate) with a concentration of 5% showed a better drug release profile than concentrations of 7.5% and 10% during 24-hour observation with a value of 50.5% each; 24.3% and 18.0%. This value is proportional to the amount of cell viability where CAP with a concentration of 5% > 7.5% > 10% with respective values of 3.45 ± 0.520x107; 1.5±2.598x107 and 1.05±2.598x107. In vivo test results using male Sprague Dawley rat test animals showed that the group of test animals treated with colon- targeted pellets containing L. plantarum FNCC-0461 experienced improvements after E. coli induction compared to other groups. This effectiveness was assessed based on pharmacodynamic parameters, especially the average defecation intensity value of 4.67 ± 0.52 times with fecal consistency being on a scale of 0 (solid form) at the end of the observation and an average cecum water content of 43.52 ± 2.177 %. Other successes were also seen from more stable weight changes, increased appetite, higher total BAL values, and lower total E. coli than the other groups. This research shows that a colon- targeted pellet formulation with a CAP concentration of 5% containing L. plantarum FNCC-0461 has been proven to be effective as an antidiarrheal.

Abstrak :
Penelitian penapisan beberapa Lactobacillus plantarum dan optimasi produksi protease serupa tripsin (PST) dilanjutkan dengan pemekatan dan karakterisasi parsial telah dilakukan. Tripsin memiliki peran penting dalam pencernaan protein di usus kecil namun produksi tripsin komersial saat ini masih terbatas oleh masalah sertifikasi halal dan risiko penularan penyakit yang bersumber dari babi atau sapi. Penelitian bertujuan menyeleksi koleksi isolat L. plantarum yang menghasilkan aktivitas PST tertinggi dan menentukan kondisi optimum dalam produksi PST dari L. plantarum terpilih menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) diikuti dengan pemurnian dan karakterisasi parsialnya. Tujuh isolat L. plantarum yang diperoleh dari makanan tradisional Indonesia diseleksi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Semua isolat L. plantarum menunjukkan aktivitas proteolitik, terlihat adanya zona bening di sekitar koloni. Zona bening menunjukkan adanya potensi L. plantarum sebagai sumber PST secara kualitatif. Hasil pengujian kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa isolat dengan kode B6 (L. plantarum WBM-4) menghasilkan PST dengan aktivitas tripsin tertinggi sebesar 0,16 mU/mL. Lactobacillus plantarum WBM-4 diisolasi dari buah Menteng Banjarmasin paling berpotensi untuk menghasilkan PST. Selanjutnya, L. plantarum WBM-4 dioptimalisasi produksi menggunakan Respon Surface Methodology (RSM) dan karakterisasi PST. Kondisi optimal ditentukan pada komposisi medium dengan 1,96% glukosa, 0,39% yeast extract, 1,97% skim milk, dan pH 6,62, menghasilkan aktivitas PST sebesar 0,303 mU/mL. Pemekatan enzim kasar di bawah kondisi optimum menggunakan viva spin 5000 MWCO meningkatkan kemurnian hingga 11,08 kali lipat, dengan aktivitas sebesar 2,47 mU/mL. Karakterisasi parsial menunjukkan berat molekul PST sekitar ~19 kDa dan ~29 kDa, stabilitas dalam rentang suhu 30 - 40°C, dan aktivitas optimal pada pH 7,0 - 8,0. Penambahan ion logam EDTA, Ca2+, dan Zn2+ memengaruhi aktivitas PST. Penyimpanan PST selama 30 hari pada suhu 4°C aktivitas tersisa PST masih 65% sedang pada suhu 24-28°C aktivitas hanya tersisa 15%. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang potensi PST yang berasal dari L. plantarum untuk aplikasi suplemen pencernaan dan memberikan alternatif sumber tripsin yang halal dan aman. ......Research on screening of several Lactobacillus plantarum and optimization of trypsin-like protease production (TLP) followed by concentration and partial characterization has been carried out. Trypsin has an important role in protein digestion in the small intestine, but commercial trypsin production is currently limited by halal certification issues and the risk of transmission of diseases sourced from pigs or cattle. The study aimed to select a collection of Lactobacillus plantarum isolates that produced the highest TLP activity and determine the optimum conditions in TLP production from selected L. plantarum using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) followed by purification and partial characterization. Seven isolates of L. plantarum obtained from traditional Indonesian food were selected qualitatively and quantitatively. All L. plantarum isolates exhibited proteolytic activity, with clear zones around the colony. The clear zone shows the potential of L. plantarum as a qualitative source of TLP. The results of quantitative testing showed that isolates with code B6 (L. plantarum WBM-4) produced TLP with the highest trypsin activity value 0.16 mU/mL. L. plantarum WBM-4 isolated from Banjarmasin Menteng fruit has the most potential to produce TLP. Furthermore, L. plantarum WBM-4 optimized production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and TLP characterization. Optimal conditions were determined in the composition of the medium with 1.96% glucose, 0.39% yeast extract, 1.97% skim milk, and pH 6.62, resulting in TLP activity of 0.303 mU/mL. Crude enzyme concentration under optimum conditions using viva spin 5000 MWCO increases purity up to 11.08-fold, with an activity of 2.47 mU/mL. Partial characterization shows TLP molecular weights of approximately ~29 kDa and ~19 kDa, stability in the temperature range of 30 - 40 °C, and optimal activity at pH 7.0 - 8.0. The addition of EDTA, Ca2+, and Zn2+ metal ions affect TLP activity. TLP storage for 30 days at 4°C the remaining activity of PST is still 65% while at 24-28°C the activity is only 15%. The results of this study provide an overview of the potential of PST derived from L. plantarum for digestive supplement applications and provide an alternative source of trypsin that is halal and safe.

Abstrak :
Pengaruh suplementasi probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 rerbadap respon imun anak usia di bawah dua tahun Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius terutama di negara berkembang sebagai konttibutor malnutrisi dan penyebab morbiditas serta mortalitas anak usia bawah lima tahun. Penggunaan antibiotika tidak efektif bohkan biasanya menyebabkan efek samping yang merngikan. Penelitian ini akan menggali manfaat bakterl indigenous Lactobacillus plantarnm IS-I 0506 isolasi dari dadih susu fermentasi spontan asal Sumatra Barat. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai pre post randomized double--blind placebo clinical trial. Dua puluh anak usia 1-2 tahun diberikan suple:mentasi dan dibagi atas dua perlakuan yairu probiotik dan placebo. Dilaksanakan di Larangan, Cileduk, Tangerang Banton. Subyek diberikan suplementasi selama 90 bari dan setiap 30 hari dilakukan perneriksaan fisik oleh seorang dokter umum. Terdapat kenaikan persentase subyek yang mengalami kenaikan slgA , TGF-~1 dan penurunan TNF-a: namun uji statistic chi square tidak memmjukkan signifikansi dan juga tidak ditemukan korelasi antara titer slgA, TGF-P:l, TNF~a. Di sisi lain suplementasi probiotik tidak cukup signifikan untuk dapat menekan insiden diare. Kecilnya jumlah sample sangat mempengaruhi kesimpulan statistik yang didapat ......Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum [S-10506 supplementation on children younger than two year immune response Diarrheal disease remains a serious public health problem in developing world~ is wen known as a significant contributor to malnutrition and one of the major causes of the annual morbidity and mortality among under-five children in the developing world. The use of antibiotics had not been effective and often followed by serious side effect. We investigated the benefit of indigenous bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 18-10506 isolated from dadih, spontaneous fermented milk from West Sumatra. This study was designed as pre post randomized double-blind placebo clinical trial. Twenty chrildren I - 2 years old were supplemented and divided into 2 treatment, probiotic and placebo groups. This in Larangan, Ciled~ Tangerang Banten provice were recruited and involved in this study. They were supplemented for 90 days and every 30 days physically clinical examination by physician. There are an enhancement of presentation subject who get a increasement titer of sigA dan TGF-Pl and supprestion of TNF~ a but not significant and there are no correlation significant between titer slgA, TGF-P1 and TNF a. Supplementation probiotik is not enough to suppress the diarrhea insidents lower than placebo. Very little sample quantity influences the statistic conclusion.

Abstrak :
Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 merupakan bakteri probiotik yang mampu menurunkan kolesterol. Salah satu syarat produk probiotik adalah jumlah sel hidup minimal 106 CFU/g produk. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas L. plantarum Mar8 yang dimikroenkapsulasi dengan teknik spray drying menggunakan bahan penyalut berupa campuran dekstrin 10% (b/v) dan sari buah markisa (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) (1:6) (v/v). Hasil menunjukkan L. plantarum Mar8 yang telah dimikroenkapsulasi dengan dekstrin 10% (b/v) dan sari buah markisa (1:6) (v/v) memiliki viabilitas yang tinggi sebagai probiotik setelah penyimpanan dua minggu dan empat minggu pada suhu simpan 4º C dengan presentase kemampuan hidup sebesar is 92,8% dan 100%. Viabilitas L. plantarum Mar8 yang telah dimikroenkapsulasi pada penyimpanan di suhu ruang dan 37º C setelah penyimpanan dua minggu memiliki viabilitas yang lebih rendah daripada mikrokapsul yang disimpan pada suhu 4º C dengan persentase kemampuan hidup 68,6% dan 67,8%. ......Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 is a probiotic bacteria that has the ability to reduce cholesterol. In order to be categorized as probiotic, the number of living cells needs to be at least 106 CFU/g product. The aim of this research was to assess the viability of L. plantarum Mar8 microencapsulated with the mixture of dekstrin 10% (b/v) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) juice (1:6) (v/v) by spray drying technique. The result showed that the viability of L. plantarum Mar8 encapsulated with dextrin 10% (b/v) and passion fruit juice (1:6) (v/v) stored for two and four weeks in the temperature 4º C is high with the percentage of survival rate are 92,8% and 100% respectively. However, the viability of encapsulated L. plantarum Mar8 stored in room temperature and in the temperature 37º C after two weeks of storage were lower than at 4º C with percentage of survival rate are 68,6% and 67,8%.

Abstrak :

Latar Belakang. Konstipasi fungsional disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, faktor luminal (disbiosis mikrobiota) merupakan salah satu faktor tersebut. Mikrobiota saluran pencernaan memegang peranan penting sebagai dasar aspek kesehatan maupun terjadinya penyakit. 

Metode. Desain penelitian randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial   untuk mengevaluasi suplementasi  susu fermentasi yang mengandung probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 (1.2x10¹⁰ cfu/hari) dan plasebo pada saluran pencernaan dari 73 perempuan dengan konstipasi fungsional setelah 21 hari suplementasi. Profil fekal mikrobiota dan profil fekal SCFA (asetat, propionat dan butirat), dianalisa dengan menggunakan NGS dan GC-MS. Hasil analisa tersebut akan dikorelasikan dengan score PAC-Sym sebagai parameter  gejala konstipasi fungsional.

Hasil. Data baseline menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan (disbiosis) komposisi mikrobiota, rasio Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes; rasio lebih tinggi ditemukan pada subyek konstipasi. Selain itu  dua parameter konsentrasi SCFA secara bermakna lebih rendah pada subyek konstipasi, asetat (p=0.023) dan propionat (p=0.005). Setelah 21 hari suplementasi ditemukan korelasi negatif yang kuat antara asetat dengan skor PAC-Sym, secara bermakna meningkatkan taksa Lactobacillus sp., dan Lachnospiraceae.other meningkat setelah intervensi yang juga berkorelasi  memperbaiki  gejala konstipasi fungsional  (rho 0.5). Lachnospiraceae.other menekan Roseburia sp., Ruminococacceae.g., Bilophila sp. Penekanan dari Roseburia sp. secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan peningkatan SCFA dan signifikan berkorelasi dengan perbaikan gejala konstipasi fungsional (rho 0.4)

Simpulan. Suplementasi susu fermentasi yang mengandung probiotik  Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 dengan dosis 1.2x10¹⁰ cfu/hari selama 21 hari, terbukti menjaga keseimbangan profil mikrobiota mengarah pada eubiosis dan meningkatkan konsentrasi SCFA (asetat, propionat dan butirat) sebagai dasar mekanisme molekuler perbaikan  gejala perempuan dengan konstipasi fungsional.

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Background. Functional constipation is caused by various factors, and a luminal factor (dysbiosis of microbiota) is one of those factors. The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in several aspects of host health and diseases. 

Methods. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented milk containing probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 (1.2x10¹⁰ cfu/day) and placebo on gut microbiota profile and activity of 73 women with functional constipation after 21 days supplementation. Profile of fecal microbiota and fecal SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) was assessed by next generation sequencing (NGS) and GC-MS, respectively, and then correlated with the PAC-Sym score as a functional constipation symptom.  

Results. Baseline data showed that there was dysbiosis of microbiota composition in terms of Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio: a higher ratio was found in constipated subjects. Also, two of the SCFA concentrations were significantly lower in constipated subjects, acetate (p=0.023) and propionate (p=0.005). After 21 days supplementation there was a strong negative correlation between acetate and PAC-Sym score, significantly increased taxa Lactobacillus sp. and Lanchospiraceae.other increase after intervention as ell as significantly improved the functional constipation symptom (rho 0.5). Lachnospiraceae.other seemed to suppress Roseburia sp,  Ruminococcaceae.g_, Bilophila sp. Suppresion of Roseburia sp,  significantly correlated with increased SCFA,  and significantly correlated with improvement of constipation symptom (PAC-Sym) (rh0 0.4).

Conclusion. Supplementation of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 at a dose of  1.2x10¹⁰ cfu/day for 21 days improved the balance of microbiota towards eubiosis, increased SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate) concentration as an underlying molecular mechanisms of the functional constipation symptom improvement in women.