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Abstrak :
Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0461 merupakan bakteri asam laktat yang diisolasi dari dadih, yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik. Probiotik menunjukkan manfaat jika memiliki viabilitas minimal 1 x 10⁷ CFU di ileum distal atau kolon. Namun, sebagian besar probiotik tidak tahan terhadap kondisi ekstrim selama melalui saluran cerna. Enkapsulasi probiotik menjadi sediaan pelet tertarget kolon menjadi solusi yang baik untuk menjaga viabilitas dan memberikan pelepasan probiotik ke lokasi spesifik di kolon. Pelet diformulasikan menggunakan metode ekstrusi-sferonisasi dengan eksipien berupa Microcrytalline Cellulose (MCC), laktosa, pektin, Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) dan shellac. Sediaan pelet yang telah dibuat dievaluasi karakteristik fisik, viabilitasnya hingga dilakukan uji disolusi selama 24 jam pada pH 1,2; 6,8 dan 7,4. Pelet yang dilapisi CAP menunjukan hasil yang paling optimum dengan karakteristik pelet yang berbentuk bulat dengan distribusi ukuran partikel 913,57 ± 8,28 μm dan persen perolehan kembali 88,71 ± 1,04 % yang memiliki sifat alir yang sangat baik, kekuatan mekanik yang baik, viabilitas 4,76 x10⁷ CFU/g dan hasil uji disolusinya menunjukan pelepasan sel tertinggi pada cairan simulasi kolon sebesar 1,38 x 10⁷ CFU/g setelah 24 jam. ......Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC-0461 is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from dadih which has potential as a probiotic. Probiotics show health benefits if they have viability at least 1 x 10⁷ CFU in the distal ileum or colon. However, most probiotics are not resistant to extreme conditions while passing through the digestive tract. Encapsulation of probiotics into colon-targeted pellets was a good solution to maintain the viability and provide release of probiotics to specific site in the colon. Pellets were formulated using extrusion-spheronization method with excipient such as Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC), lactose, pectin, Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) and shellac. The obtained pellets were evaluated for their physical properties, viability and dissolution study was carried out at pH 1.2; 6.8 and 7.4 for 24 hours. CAP-coated pelet provide the optimum formulation were spherical with particle size distribution was 913.57 ± 8.28 μm and yield was 88.71 ± 1.04 %, it’s have very good flow properties, good mechanical properties, viability was 4.76 x10⁷ CFU/g and it’s dissolution study showed the highest cell release in simulated colonic fluid of 1.38 x 10⁷ CFU/g for 24 hours.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Candida albicans merupakan penyebab utama infeksi mikroba oportunistik pada pasien kanker. Pasien Leukemia Limfositik Akut (LLA) yang menjalani kemoterapi memiliki risiko tinggi terkena kandidiasis karena imunosupresi dan melemahnya barier epitel. Penggunaan obat antifungal sistemik dibatasi oleh risiko efek samping yang lebih besar dan berkembangnya strain yang resisten, namun obat antifungal topikal yang tersedia saat ini masih dianggap kurang efektif untuk pasien imunosupresi termasuk pasien kemoterapi. Beberapa penelitian memberikan bukti kelayakan probiotik Lactobacillus casei untuk bertindak sebagai antifungal alternatif di berbagai sistem organ manusia. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh probiotik terhadap jumlah C. albicans di rongga mulut anak penderita LLA selama kemoterapi. Metode: Sampel saliva diambil dari 11 anak penderita LLA selama kemoterapi. Subyek diinstruksikan untuk berkumur dengan probiotik yang mengandung L. casei selama 60 detik, dua kali sehari, selama 14 hari. Sampel saliva tidak terstimulasi dikumpulkan secara berurutan pada 3 titik waktu (awal, 7 hari, dan 14 hari). Jumlah C. albicans dihitung dengan qPCR. Hasil: Perbedaan signifikan secara statistik ditemukan antara jumlah C. albicans pada awal (494.363+180.737 CFU/ml), setelah 7 hari (276.654+69.903 CFU/ml), dan setelah 14 hari (229.286+50.883 CFU/ml) berkumur dengan probiotik. Jumlah yang lebih rendah secara signifikan ditemukan setelah 7 dan 14 hari berkumur dengan probiotik (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Probiotik L. casei memiliki efek menurunkan jumlah C. albicans di rongga mulut anak leukemia selama kemoterapi. ......Background: Candida albicans is the leading cause of opportunistic microbial infections in patients with cancer. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) patients undergoing chemotherapy have high risk of candidiasis due to immunosuppression and weakened epithelial barriers. Systemic antifungal drugs’ usage is limited by the greater risk of side effects and developing resistant strains, yet currently available topical antifungal drugs are still considered ineffective for immunosuppressed patients including chemotherapy patients. Several studies provide evidence for the feasibility of probiotic Lactobacillus casei to act as alternative antifungal in various human organ systems. Objectives: To analyze the effects of probiotic L. casei on the number of C. albicans in oral cavity of children with ALL during chemotherapy.Methods: Saliva samples were taken from 11 children with ALL during chemotherapy. Subjects were instructed to do mouth rinse with probiotics contained Lactobacillus casei for 60s, twice daily, over the course of 14 days. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected sequentially at 3 time points (baseline, 7 days, and 14 days). The number of C. albicans was quantified by qPCR. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the number of C. albicans at baseline (494.363+180.737 CFU/ml), after 7 days (276.653+69.903 CFU/ml), and after 14 days (229.286+50.883 CFU/ml) mouth rinsing with probiotic L. casei. Significant lower number was found both after 7 and 14 days rinsing with probiotics (p<0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic L.casei has reducing effects on the number of C. albicans in oral cavity of children with ALL during chemotherapy.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Pada penderita Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) terdapat defek pada sel T regulator baik dalam hal jumlah maupun fungsi sel T regulator. Pemberian probiotik dalam hal ini pemberian Lactabacillus reuteri diharapkan mampu menstimulasi timbulnya respon imun yang bersifat imunoregulator dengan cara meningkatkan jumlah sel T regulator dan menurunkan produksi IL6. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap toleransi sistem imun penderita SLE melalui perubahan kadar T regulator (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) dan IL 6. Metode :30 subjek pasien SLE dengan manifestasi ringan yang datang ke poliklinik Alergi Imunologi RSCM, diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri (15 orang) dan placebo (15 orang) selama 8 minggu. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ dan IL 6 diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan flowcytometri dan pemeriksaan ELISA. Hasil : Pemberian Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu meningkatkan kadarCD4+CD25+FoxP3+secara bermakna (1,38+ 8,36% VS 3,71+3,17% ; P=0,007 ; CI =-3,91 ? -0,74) . Terdapat penurunan kadar IL 6 setelah perlakuan, baik pada kelompok yang diberikan Lactobacillus reuteri (4,76+5,75 pg/ml VS 3,7 +3,36 pg/ml ; P=0,25 ; CI -0,83- 2,9) maupun pada kelompok placebo ( 2,6+2,02 pg/ml VS 2,07+2,39 ; P= 0,35 ; CI = -0,57 ? 1,52). Namun begitu, pada akhir penelitian perubahan tersebut tidak menimbulkan perbedaan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+dan IL 6antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan :Terjadi peningkatan bermakna kadar CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ pada kelompok yang diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri selama 8 minggu.

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ABSTRACT
Backgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there are abnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory T cells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this case Lactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response to be more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing the IL6 production. Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune system of patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) and IL 6 Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy and Immunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri and ELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before and after exposure. Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statistically significant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs. 3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 in Lactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI - 0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = - 0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn?t make statistically significant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group. Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were found after 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration, Backgroud : In patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) there are abnormality on T lymphocytes, including the existence of a defect in the regulatory T cells both in terms of number and function. Giving probiotic, in this case Lactabacillus reuteri administration, is expected to stimulate the immune response to be more tolerance by increasing the number of regulatory T cells and decreasing the IL6 production. Aim : To know the effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri ) on the immune system of patients with SLE through changes in the levels of regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+) and IL 6 Method :Thirty ofSLE patients with mild manifestations, who came to Allergy and Immunology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, were given the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (15 people) and placebo (15 people) for 8 weeks. CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3+ and IL 6 were examined before and after exposure using flowcytometri and ELISA. We then analyzed the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + and IL6 before and after exposure. Result : Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri for 8 weeks brought statistically significant improvement on CD4+ CD25 + FoxP3 +level (1,38+ 8.36% + 3.17% vs. 3.71; P = 0.007; CI = -3.91 - -0.74). There were decreased level of IL 6 in Lactobacillus reuteri group (4.76 + 5.75 pg / ml VS3,71 + 3.36 pg / ml; P = 0.25; CI - 0,83- 2, 9) and the placebo group (2.6 + 2.02 pg / ml vs. 2.07 + 2.39; P = 0.35; CI = - 0.57 - 1.5). However,at the end of study, those changes didn’t make statistically significant difference of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and IL 6 level between two group. Conclusion : A significant increase of the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + were found after 8 weeks Lactobacillus reuteri administration]