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Abstrak :
Kementerian Keuangan mulai mengalokasikan Tambahan Penghasilan bagi Guru tahun 2009 dan Tunjangan Profesi Guru tahun 2010. Tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan, kompetensi dan profesionalitas sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja siswanya. Namun, dalam tiga tahun terakhir, rata-rata hasil ujian nasional berbasis komputer (UNBK) siswa sekolah menengah pertama negeri sebagain besar masih mendapat nilai dalam kategori buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tunjangan guru terhadap kinerja siswa sekolah menengah pertama. Variabel dependen penelitian menggunakan data UNBK siswa SMP kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dari tahun 2018 hingga 2019. Sedangkan variabel independen utama adalah tunjangan profesi guru dan tambahan penhasilan guru diambil dua tahun sebelumnya untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran. Variabel kontrol independen menggunakan karakteristik sekolah dan sosial ekonomi, dimana karakteristik sekolah direpresentasikan oleh rasio siswa terhadap guru, rasio siswa terhadap rombongan belajar dan presentase guru yang berpendidikan minimal S1. Sedangkan karakteristik sosial ekonomi oleh persentase penduduk miskin, produk domestik regional bruto perkapita, dan angka harapan hidup. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan variabel dummy regional yaitu Jawa dan Bali. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan estimasi Fixed Effect Model (FEM) untuk regresi pada variabel independen utama saja dan Random Effect Model (REM) jika ditambah variabel independen kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi tunjangan profesi guru PNS SMP berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil UNBK siswa SMP negeri. Di mana peningkatan 1% realisasi tunjangan profesi guru akan meningkatkan hasil UNBK siswa SMP negeri sebesar 0,03%. Sedangkan realisasi tambahan penghasilan guru tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap hasil UNBK siswa SMP negeri. Variabel independen kontrol yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu rasio siswa terhadap guru, persentase guru berpendidikan minimal S1, PDRB perkapita dan angka harapan hidup. Sedangkan variabel independen kontrol yang tidak signifikan yaitu rasio siswa terhadap rombongan belajar dan presentase penduduk miskin. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung antara tunjangan profesi guru terhadap kinerja siswa melalui kompetensi dan kinerja guru. ......The Ministry of Finance has allocated additional income for teacher and professional teacher allowance since 2009 and 2010, respectively. The additional income and allowances are expected to improve welfare, competence, and professionalism to improve student performance. However, in the last three years, the average result of the computer-based national examination (CBNE) of state junior high school students, the majority of them still scored lower than adequate. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of teacher allowances on the performance of junior high school students. The research dependent variable uses CBNE data for district junior high school students in Indonesia from 2018 to 2019. At the same time, the main independent variable is professional teacher allowances and additional teacher income taken two years earlier to determine the effect of learning. The independent control variable uses school and socio-economic characteristics, where school characteristics are represented by the ratio of students to teachers, the ratio of students to classes, and the percentage of teachers with a minimum education of bachelor. Meanwhile, the socio-economic characteristics consist of the percentage of poor people, gross regional domestic product per capita, and life expectancy. This study also uses regional dummy variables, namely Java and Bali. The analysis technique used is panel data analysis with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) estimation for regression on the main independent variable only and Random Effect Model (REM) if the independent control variable is added. The results showed that the realization of the professional junior high school civil servant teacher allowances had a positive and significant effect on the CBNE results of state junior high school students. An increase of 1% of the realization of the professional teacher allowance will increase the CBNE results of state junior high school students by 0.03%. Meanwhile, the realization of additional teacher income did not significantly affect the CBNE results of state junior high school students. The independent control variables that significantly affect the ratio of students to teachers, the percentage of teachers with a minimum education of bachelor, GRDP per capita, and life expectancy. Meanwhile, the independent control variables that were not significant were the ratio of students to classes and the percentage of poor people. These results indicate an indirect effect between professional teacher allowances on student performance through teacher competence and performance.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan antara academic buoyancy dan adaptabilitas karier pada siswa kelas 9. Adaptabilitas karier adalah kesiapan individu dalam menghadapi tugas-tugas yang terprediksi untuk mempersiapkan dan turut berperan dalam pekerjaan, serta mampu mengatasi situasi tidak terduga yang mungkin muncul karena adanya perubahan dalam pekerjaan dan kondisi kerja. Pada siswa kelas 9, tantangan karier sebagian besar datang dari kehidupan akademiknya di sekolah, terlebih ketika akan menghadapi masa transisi karier dari siswa SMP menjadi siswa SMA. Kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap karier dapat membantu siswa mencapai kesuksesan karier di masa depan. Di samping itu, upaya siswa untuk menjadi adaptif terhadap perubahan dalam kariernya tersebut perlu diiringi dengan adanya kemampuan diri untuk terus berhasil mengatasi segala tantangan yang dihadapi. Terlebih dalam konteks akademik, istilah yang menggambarkan kesiapan siswa untuk berhasil mengatasi tantangan yang muncul di kehidupan akademiknya adalah academic buoyancy. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat ukur Academic Buoyancy Martin Marsh, 2008 yang dikembangkan oleh Nurafifah 2011 berdasarkan lima faktor academic buoyancy dan alat ukur Career Adapt-Abilities Scale Savickas Porfeli, 2012 yang diadaptasi oleh peneliti untuk mengukur academic buoyancy dan adaptabilitas karier. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 597 siswa kelas 9 dari dua SMP Negeri di Depok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara academic buoyancy dan adaptabilitas karir pada siswa kelas 9 r = 0,535 dan p = 0,000 pada LoS 0,01. Hasil mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi academic buoyancy siswa maka semakin tinggi pula adaptabilitas kariernya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penting bagi siswa kelas 9 untuk memiliki adaptabilitas karier dalam berespon secara adaptif menghadapi masa transisi karier dan melewati segala tantangan karier di sepanjang kehidupannya. ......The aim of this research is to find the relationship between academic buoyancy and career adaptability in 9th grader students. Career adaptability defined as readiness to cope with the predictable tasks of preparing for and participating in the work role and with the unpredictable adjustments prompted by the changes in work and work conditions. For 9th grader students, in near future of their career, they will face a transition from junior to senior high school students, and all the changes it brings. On the other side, the efforts student make to become adaptable in every change will best be put together with the ability to keep success in dealing with every challenge. Particularly in 9th grader students, challenges mostly come in academic setting. At this point, a term that reflects students rsquo ability to do such thing is academic buoyancy, refers to readiness to successfully deal with academic setbacks, named difficulties, obstacles, and challenges that occurs in academic context. In this research, Academic Buoyancy Scale from Martin and Marsh 2008 that has been developed by Nurafifah 2011 and Career Adapt Abilities Scale Savickas Porfeli, 2012 were used to measure academic buoyancy and career adaptability among students. Participants are 597 students of grade 9 from two junior high schools in Depok. Result shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic buoyancy and career adaptability r 0,535 p 0,000 LoS 0,01 . The results indicates that the higher the academic buoyancy of the students, the higher their career adaptability will be. Based on the results of this study, it is important for students in grade 9 to have career adaptability in responding adaptively to face a career transition period and all career challenges throughout their lives.