Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Stroke merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang terjadi di daerah perkotaan. Klasifikasi stroke yang sering terjadi adalah stroke iskemik. Jika iskemik terjadi di basal ganglia, salah satu masalah keperawatan yang muncul adalah hambatan mobilitas fisik. Hambatan mobilitas fisik dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kekuatan otot. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis evidence based mengenai latihan range of motion (ROM) dalam mengatasi hambatan mobilitas fisik pada klien stroke iskemik. Hasil dari latihan ROM terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan fungsi otot. Untuk itu diperlukan secara mandiri dan/atau kolaborasi kepada klien stroke iskemik untuk menanggani penurunan kekuatan otot setelah fase krisis.

---

Stroke is one of the health problems that occur in urban areas. Classification often occur of stroke is ischemic stroke. If ischemia occurs in the basal ganglia, one of the nursing problems is impaired physical mobility. Impaired physical mobility can lead to decreased muscle strength.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evidence based on the exercise range of motion (ROM) in overcoming barriers to physical mobility client ischemic stroke.

Results of ROM exercises proven to be effective in improving muscle function. It is necessary to independently and / or collaboration to clients ischemic stroke to handle the decline in muscle strength after the crisis phase."

"Latar Belakang: kematian dan kecacatan diseluruh dunia dan mempunyai dampak yang sangat besar baik dari segi klinis maupun sosio-ekonomi. Pada stroke iskemik akut, terdapat peningkatan kadar IL-6 yang berkorelasi dengan defisit neurologis yang lebih berat, kerusakan otak yang lebih luas dan prognosis yang lebih buruk.Oleh karena itu IL-6 dapat digunakan sebagai pemeriksaan biomarker awal untuk identifikasi pasien stroke akut yang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami progresifitas defisit neurologis dan tingkat kematian yang lebih tinggi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar interleukin 6 dengan keluaran klinis jangka panjang menggunakan mRS (Modified Rankin Scale) pada pasien stroke iskemik akut. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan disain penelitian retrospective cohort, melanjutkan dari penelitian Al Rasyid. Semua sampel yang didapatkan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, dari bulan Februari 2013 sampai selesai dilakukan follow up dilakukan pemeriksaan interleukin 6 serta penilaian keluaran fungsional mRS 3 bulan dan 6 bulan. Hasil: Data sekunder yang berjumlah 135 subjek, diambil secara simple random sampling sebanyak 50 subjek. Masing-masing 25 subjek untuk kelompok interleukin 6 normal dan 25 subjek untuk kelompok interleukin 6 tinggi lalu dilakukan penilaian mRS 1 bulan dan 3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kedua kelompok IL-6 tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap mRS 1 bulan dan 3 bulan (p= 0.244; p=0.155). Namun penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada kelompok penelitian IL-6 normal dan tinggi dengan perubahan nilai mRS 1 bulan ke mRS 3 bulan (p=0.012; p=0.021) dengan perubahan nilai mRS yang membaik menunjukkan proporsi yang lebih besar. Faktor risiko stroke lain seperti hipertensi, penyakit jantung, DM, dislipidemia dan merokok tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna dengan perubahan nilai mRS (p=0.377; p=0.285; p=0.736; p=0.222; p=0.736). Simpulan: Penelitian saat ini menunjukkan pada pasien stroke iskemik akut sirkulasi parsial anterior, tidak didapatkan hubungan langsung yang bermakna antara keluaran fungsional stroke fase akut berdasarkan mRS 1 dan 3 bulan dengan kadar IL-6 namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara perubahan nilai mRS dengan IL-6 yang menandakan terdapat kecenderungan bahwa keluaran mRS buruk 1 dan 3 bulan dipengaruhi IL-6. Secara umum terdapat kecenderungan keluaran mRS buruk saat 1 maupun 3 bulan pada subjek dengan IL-6 tinggi.

---

Background: Stroke is one of the leading diseases that causes death and disability throughout the world. In acute ischemic stroke, there is an increase in IL-6 levels were correlated with more severe neurological deficit, brain damage is more extensive and a worse prognosis. Therefore, IL-6 can be used as an early biomarker screening for the identification of acute ischemic stroke patients who have a high risk of progression of neurological deficits and higher mortality rates.

Objective: To determine the relationship of interleukin 6 with functional outcome using mRS (modified rankin scale) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: The study was conducted using a retrospective cohort study design, this study is a part of main study from Al Rashid research. All samples were obtained at Cipto Mangunkusumo, from February 2013 until complete follow-up. Interleukin 6 examination performed in all samples as well as evaluating the functional outcome based on mRS 3 months and 6 months.

Results: Secondary data totaling 135 subjects, drawn by simple random sampling of 50 subjects. Each group of 25 subjects for high IL-6 and 25 normal IL-6 subjects were assesed with mRS 1 month and 3 months. The results showed in both groups that IL‐6 does not have a significant difference in mRS 1 month and 3 months (p = 0.244, p = 0.155). However, this study shows there is a significant correlation between IL‐6 changes in mRS score mRS 1 month to 3 months (p = 0.012, p = 0.021) with changes that improved mRS score indicates a greater proportion. Other stroke risk factors such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking did not show any significant correlation with changes in mRS score (p = 0.377, p = 0.285, p = 0736, p = 0.222, p = 0736).

Conclusions: The present study showed in patients with acute ischemic stroke partial anterior circulation there is no significant direct relationship found between the acute phase of stroke functional outcome based on mRS 1 and 3 months with the levels of IL‐6 but there is a significant correlation between changes in mRS score with IL-6 indicates there is a tendency that poor mRS outcomes 1 and 3 months influenced by IL‐6. In general there is a tendency of poor outcomes pf mRS 1 and 3 months in subjects with high IL‐6. "

"Latar belakang. Iskemia miokard sering terjadi karena efek klem silang aorta selama bedah jantung terbuka dengan pemakaian mesin pintas jantung paru. Kardioplegia sebagai metode kardioproteksi, dapat berupa kardioplegia darah maupun kristaloid. Telaah sistematik ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi semua uji acak yang membandingkan tingkat cedera miokard, kejadian fibrilasi atrial, infark miokard, penggunaan inotropik, lama perawatan intensif dan mortalitas pascabedah.Metodologi. Telaah sistematik dilakukan dengan melakukan pencarian literatur melalui database pada COCHRANE, PubMed, PMC, dan Google Scholar untuk mengidentifikasi semua uji acak yang membandingkan tingkat cedera miokard, kejadian fibrilasi atrial, infark miokard, penggunaan inotropik, lama perawatan intensif dan mortalitas pascabedah antara kardioplegia darah dan kristaloid pada seluruh prosedur operasi bedah jantung terbuka dewasa dengan mesin pintas jantung paru yang dipublikasikan dalam bahasa Inggris. Artikel sekunder yang bukan merupakan jurnal dan research article akan dieksklusi. Cochrane Risk of Bias digunakan untuk menilai potensi bias.Hasil penelitian. Kami mengidentifikasi 6 uji acak yang dengan total 796 pasien yang menjalani bedah jantung terbuka (CABG, bedah katup, transplantasi), 431 mendapatkan perlakuan kardioplegia darah, 365 lain mendapat perlakuan kardioplegi kristaloid. Subyek berkisar antara 60 hingga 297 pasien. Mayoritas membahas perbandingan kardioplegia darah dan kristaloid pada bedah jantung revaskularisasi koroner (CABG). Keseluruhan studi memiliki risiko bias rendah.Kesimpulan. Kardioplegia darah menunjukkan luaran yang lebih baik dibandingkan kardioplegia kristaloid. Namun, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait analisis dari hasil perlindungan miokard masing-masing larutan kardioplegia.

---

Background. Myocardial ischemia is commonly occured due to aortic cross-clamping during open-heart surgery using a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine. Cardioplegia, as cardioprotective method, can be divided into blood or crystalloid base. This systematic review aims to describe the effectiveness of two types of cardioplegic solutions in adult open-heart surgery procedures by focusing on their effects on cardiac enzyme, atrial fibrillation incidence, myocardial infarction, inotropic use, length of stay in ICU, and postoperative mortality

Methodology. We searched on several databases, including COCHRANE, PubMed, PMC, and Google Scholar to identify all randomized controlled trials published in English that compared levels of myocardial injury, atrial fibrillation incidence, myocardial infarction, inotropic use, intensive care length of stay, and mortality postsurgery between adults underwent CPB who received blood cardiolegia and crystalloid cardioplegia. Secondary publications were excluded. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess for potential biases.

Outcome. We identified 6 randomized trials with a total of 796 patients underwent open heart surgery (CABG, valve surgery, transplantation), 431 receiving blood cardioplegia, another 365 receiving crystalloid cardioplegia. Subjects ranged from 60 to 297 patients. Most studies discussed the comparison of blood cardioplegia and crystalloids in CABG. The entire study had a low risk of bias.

Conclusion. Blood cardioplegia provided better outcome compared to crystalloid cardioplegia. However, further analysis should be developed to facilitate the conduct of high quality trials.

Keywords. Cardiac surgery, cardiac enzyme, blood cardioplegia, crystalloid cardioplegia.

"

"Pendahuluan: Revaskularisasi segera jaringan yang telah iskemia, tidak selalu membuahkan hasil yang diharapkan. Berbagai reaksi yang timbul dari pembentukan reactive oxygen species dan aktivasi sistem komplemen menyebabkan cedera iskemia reperfusi. Ischemia preconditioning PRC dan hipotermia diduga dapat mengurangi efek dari cedera iskemia reperfusi. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini adalah lanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya, di mana dilakukan uji statistika terhadap kelompok kontrol dan tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu cedera reperfusi IRI, ischemia preconditioning PRC, dan hipotermia. Data kelompok kontrol dan IRI diambil dari penelitian sebelumnya. Kelompok PRC dan hipotermia masing-masing menggunakan enam hewan coba Oryctolagus cuniculus. Pada kelompok PRC dilakukan ligasi arteri femoralis komunis kanan selama dua menit, dilepaskan tiga menit sebanyak dua siklus. Pada kelompok hipotermia dilakukan pembungkusan ekstremitas bawah kanan dengan es. Kemudian kedua kelompok dilanjutkan dengan dilakukan pengikatan arteri femoralis komunis kanan selama empat jam, dan kemudian ikatan dilepaskan selama delapan jam. Kemudian dilakukan laparotomi, dan diambil organ gaster. Bagian antrum diambil untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi dan biokimia. Pemeriksaan biokimia dilakukan menggunakan malondialdehid MDA. Hasil: Uji hipotesis dari perbedaan histopatologi dan biokimia secara keseluruhan bermakna secara statistik. Derajat kerusakan secara histopatologi pada kelompok ischemia preconditioning lebih rendah dengan signifikan dibandingkan kelompok IRI; namun secara biokimiawi, lebih tinggi namun tidak signifikan. Derajat kerusakan secara histopatologi pada kelompok hipotermia lebih rendah namun tidak signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok IRI; namun secara biokimiawi, lebih tinggi dengan signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok IRI. Bila membandingkan PRC dan hipotermia, secara histopatologi, PRC lebih rendah dengan signifikan. Secara biokimia, rerata PRC lebih rendah namun tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Ischemia preconditioning memiliki efek protektif terhadap dampak destruktif yang yang dihasilkan oleh ischemia reperfusion injury terhadap organ jauh. terhadap organ jauh. Hipotermi juga memiliki efek protektif, namun tidak sebaik ischemia preconditioning.

---

Background: Immediate revascularization of ischemic tissue, does not always produce the expected results. Various reactions that arise from the formation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of the complement system cause ischemia reperfusion injury. Ischemia preconditioning PRC and hypothermia are thought to reduce the effects of ischemic reperfusion injury.

Methods: This experimental study was performed on the control group and three treatment groups, namely reperfusion injury IRI, ischemia preconditioning PRC, and hypothermia. Two experimental animals were used in control group and six experimental animals were used in IRI, PRC and hypothermia groups. In IRI group, right common femoral artery was ligated for four hours, and released for eight hours. In the PRC group, ligation of right common femoral artery was performed for two minutes and released for three minutes in two cycles. In the hypothermia group, right lower extremity was wrapped with ice. Subsequently, in the two groups, the right common femoral artery was ligated and released like IRI group. Then, laparotomy was performed and the stomach was taken. The antrum part is acquired for histopathology and biochemistry assay. Biochemical examination was performed using malondialdehyde MDA.

Results: The hypothesis test of histopathologic and biochemical differences in general was statistically significant. The degree of histopathological damage and MDA in IRI group was significantly higher than control group. The degree of histopathological damage in the PRC group was significantly lower than in the IRI group but biochemically, higher but not significant. The degree of histopathologic damage in the hypothermia group was lower, but not significant, compared to the IRI group but biochemically, significantly higher than the IRI group. When comparing PRC and hypothermia, histopathologically, PRC is significantly lower. Biochemically, the mean PRC is lower but not significant.

Conclusion: Ischemia preconditioning has a protective effect on the destructive impact of ischemia reperfusion injury in distant organs. Hypothermia also has a protective effect, but is not as good as ischemia preconditioning."

"Much has been written about reperfusion injury in the past decade but unfortunately the information has been generally presented in the form of original specialist papers and little if any integral publication exists on the topic, summarising and analysing the clinical impact of the condition and its management. The pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of reperfusion injury are complex and, regarding diagnosis, individual diagnostic techniques have been proposed but without a proper assessment of the relative values of these methods. A publication dealing with integral diagnostic strategies would be welcome by the managing physician. Management of the condition is also problematic, as strategies that appear to work in the experimental models do not translate into beneficial interventions in patients. There is a need for these issues to be addressed and discussed in a monographic fashion. Management of myocardial reperfusion injury will tackle these issues in a modern and systematic way and the information will be delivered in a fashion that will be appealing to the reader."