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Abstrak :
Kopolimerisasi onggok-polivinil alkohol (PVA)-akrilamida (AAm) dibuat dengan teknik iradiasi sinar gamma. Campuran bahan-bahan tersebut dibuat menjadi suatu kopolimer yang ramah lingkungan bersifat biodegradable sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam bidang pertanian sebagai bahan untuk modifikasi pupuk fosfat yang memiliki sifat pelepasan lambat. Kopolimer dibuat dengan jumlah onggok tetap, serta volume PVA 10% w/v dan akrilamida 3% w/v divariasikan. Selain itu, variasi dosis iradiasi (5, 10, 15, dan 20 kGy) dilakukan pada pembuatan kopolimer. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kopolimer yang paling baik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan modifikasi pupuk fosfat adalah sampel (I). Sampel (I) merupakan kopolimer onggok-polivinil alkohol-akrilamida dengan komposisi 3 gram onggok, 45 mL PVA 10% w/v, dan 105 mL Akrilamida 3% w/v. Terjadinya kopolimerisasi onggok-PVA-akrilamida pada sampel (I) ditunjukan oleh hasil karakterisasi FTIR. Pengaruh penambahan onggok terhadap kestabilan termal dan terbentuknya pori pada kopolimer sampel (I) di tunjukan oleh hasil karakterisasi TGA dan SEM. Pengamatan dan pengujian terhadap nilai persen fraksi gel, rasio swelling, dan persen pelepasan fosfat pada kopolimer sampel (I) diperoleh hasil sebesar 48.71%, 321.63 %, 18.13%. Pengukuran sifat pelepasan lambat dilakukan dengan metode absorbsi-desorbsi. Dalam penelitian ini terlihat bahwa sifat kopolimer dipengaruhi oleh komposisi PVA dan akrilamida dan dosis iradiasi.

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Copolymerization of tapioca waste-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-acrylamide was made with gamma irradiation techniques. Mixtures of these materials made into an copolymer that have environmentally-friendly with biodegradable properties so that it can be applied in agriculture as a material for the modification of phosphate fertilizers that have slow release properties. Copolymer was made with fixed amount of tapioca waste and the volume of PVA 10% w/v and acrylamide 3% w/v was varied. In addition, the variation of irradiation dose (5, 10, 15, and 20 kGy) was done on making of the copolymer. In this study was obtained the best copolymer to be used as material for the modification of phosphate fertilizers was sample (I). Sample (I) was the copolymer of tapioca waste-polyvinyl alcohol-acrylamide with 3 gram tapioca waste, 45 mL PVA 10% w/v, and 105 mL acrylamide 3% w/v as the composition. The occurrence of copolymerization tapioca waste-PVA-acrylamide on sample (I) was shown by the results of FTIR characterization. Effect of tapioca waste on the thermal stability and the formation of pores in the copolymer sample (I) was shown by the results of TGA and SEM characterization. Observation and testing the yield of percent gel fraction, swelling ratio, and percent release of phosphate in the copolymer sample (I) was obtained respectively 48.71%, 321.63 %, 18:13%. Measurement of slow release properties was done by absorption-desorption methode. In this study shows that the properties of copolymer is influenced by the composition of the PVA and acrylamide and irradiation dose.

Abstrak :
The process of irradiation with gamma rays on agricultural products can rise to ozone. Ozone is harmful to the environment because the smell is strong. Ozone must be removed from the room by force of radiation, for it required a tool that can suck to be discharged into the atmosphere....

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan sintesis hidrogel metilselulosa dari 5 tipe berat molekul menggunakan radiasi berkas elektron pada dosis 10 kGy hingga 100 kGy. Film hidrogel dengan ukuran 16cm x 16 cm x 1,2mm dilakukan pengamatan terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik yang meliputi, persen pengembangan, fraksi gel, kekuatan tarik dan perpanjangan lurus. Pengukuran dengan viscometer ubbelohde, diperoleh berat molekul (Mv)m metilselulosa berurutan dari rendah ke tinggi adalah sebagai SM-4

Abstrak :
Konsep penyinaran radiasi pada kasus kanker paru-paru menggunakan teknik perencanaan IMRT umumnya dikendalikan otomatis oleh komputer. Suatu perencanaan IMRT masih melibatkan langkah-langkah non intuitif, iteratif menyesuaikan keputusan subjektif perencana berdasarkan pendekatan trial and error. Guna mempermudah seorang perencana radioterapi melakukan optimasi suatu perencaan IMRT pada kasus kanker paru-paru, digunakan metode neural network untuk memprediksi distribusi dosis berdasarkan data perencanaan sebelumnya. Tujuan dari penggunaan metode neural network ini yakni untuk memprediksi distribusi dosis pada volume PTV dengan validasi pada perencanaan sebelumnya, juga memprediksi distribusi dosis untuk dosis yang mencover 95% volume target. Sehingga hal ini dapat mempermudah seorang perencana mengambil keputusan secara objektif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perencanaan yang dihasilkan berdasarkan pemodelan neural network memiliki tingkat homogenitas (HI) yaitu 0,09 ± 0,02 dan tingkat konformitas (CI) yaitu 1,2 ± 0,27. Dengan mempertimbangkan rata-rata distribusi dosis rata-rata yang diterima OAR seperti paru-paru kanan sebesar 0,20 ± 0,15, paru-paru kiri 0,18 ± 0,15, Jantung 0,16 ± 0,09 dan Spinal Cord 0,17 ± 0,09 ......The concept of irradiation in lung cancer cases using IMRT planning techniques is generally controlled automatically by a computer. An IMRT plan still involves non-intuitive steps, iteratively adjusting the planner's subjective decisions based on a trial-and-error approach. The neural network method was used to predict the dose distribution based on the prior planning data to make it simpler for a radiotherapy planner to decide on an IMRT plan in cases of lung cancer. The goal of applying this neural network method is to predict the dose distribution for doses that cover 95% of the target volume as well as the dose distribution in the PTV volume with validation in the prior plan. As a result, a planner may find it simpler to make decisions that are objective. The results obtained indicate that the quality of planning produced based on neural network modelling has a homogeneity index (HI) of 0,09 ± 0,02, and the conformity index (CI) of 1,2 ± 0,27. Since the average dose received by OAR is taken into consideration, the right lung receives 0,2 ± 0,15, the left receives 0,18 ± 0,15, the heart receives 00,16 ± 0,09, and the spinal cord receives 0,17 ± 0,09.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Pada penelitian sebelumnya, iradiasi menggunakan iradiasi pulsa LCU cenderung diikuti dengan suhu cahaya yang relatif rendah sehingga aman untuk pulpa gigi dan telah diaplikasikan untuk polimerisasi resin komposit nanofil dalam waktu 20 detik. berdenyut melawan kekuatan kompresi selama 5, 10, 20 detik. Metode : 60 spesimen resin komposit isi curah silinder diameter 3 mm dan tebal 6 mm, diiradiasi dengan LCU eksperimental iradiasi pulsa dan LCU komersial iradiasi kontinyu sebagai kontrol selama 5, 10, 20 detik. Kemudian direndam dengan air suling selama 24 jam. Spesimen kemudian diuji kuat tekannya menggunakan mesin uji universal (Shimadzu AGS-X 5kN, Jepang) dengan kecepatan crosshead 0,5m/s. Hasil: terjadi peningkatan kuat tekan resin komposit isian curah iradiasi dengan LCU eksperimental selama 5, 10, 20 detik, memiliki hasil berturut-turut sekitar 209,43 hingga 241,80 MPa. Kemudian dengan iradiasi kontinyu LCU komersial memiliki hasil berturut-turut sekitar 210,69 hingga 261,72 MPa. Analisis one-way ANOVA dan post hoc bonferroni menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) nilai kuat tekan antara kedua metode penyinaran pada lama waktu yang sama. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada masing-masing metode iradiasi pada durasi yang berbeda. Sementara itu, mendeteksi perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada kekuatan tekan resin komposit pengisian curah dengan penyinaran antara 5 dan 10 detik dan 5 dan 20 detik dengan metode penyinaran kontinu. Kesimpulan: kuat tekan resin komposit bulk fill baik dengan iradiasi pulsa maupun kontinyu selama 5, 10, 20 detik meningkat dengan bertambahnya lama iradiasi, dan iradiasi menggunakan metode pulsa dan kuat tekan kontinyu menghasilkan resin komposit bulk fill yang tidak berbeda nyata.
Background : In previous studies, irradiation using LCU pulse irradiation tends to be followed by a relatively low light temperature so that it is safe for dental pulp and has been applied to polymerize nanofil composite resins within 20 seconds. pulse against the force of compression for 5, 10, 20 seconds. Methods : 60 specimens of cylindrical bulk-filled composite resin with a diameter of 3 mm and a thickness of 6 mm, were irradiated with pulse irradiation experimental LCU and continuous irradiated commercial LCU as control for 5, 10, 20 seconds. Then soaked with distilled water for 24 hours. The specimens were then tested for compressive strength using a universal testing machine (Shimadzu AGS-X 5kN, Japan) with a crosshead speed of 0.5m/s. Result: there was an increase in the compressive strength of the irradiated bulk filled composite resin with the experimental LCU for 5, 10, 20 s, had successive yields of about 209.43 to 241.80 MPa. Then with continuous irradiation commercial LCU has successive yields of about 210.69 to 261.72 MPa. One-way ANOVA and post hoc bonferroni analysis showed that the results were not significantly different (p>0.05) in the compressive strength between the two irradiation methods at the same time. There was no significant difference in each irradiation method at different durations. Meanwhile, detecting a significant difference (p<0.05) in the compressive strength of composite resin bulk filling with irradiation between 5 and 10 seconds and 5 and 20 seconds with the continuous irradiation method. Conclusion: the compressive strength of bulk fill composite resins both with pulse and continuous irradiation for 5, 10, 20 seconds increased with increasing irradiation time, and irradiation using pulse and pulse irradiation methods continuous compressive strength resulted in bulk fill composite resin which was not significantly different.

Abstrak :
Keberadaan limbah antibiotik di berbagai sumber air menimbulkan bahaya lingkungan yang besar, karena limbah tersebut tetap utuh dan tahan terhadap dekomposisi, sehingga menimbulkan tantangan bagi ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan berfokus pada penetapan muatan optimal g-C3N4 dalam komposit g-C3N4-TiO2. g-C3N4 diproduksi dari beberapa prekursor seperti melamin, disiandiamida, dan urea. Tujuan utama komposit baru ini adalah berfungsi sebagai fotokatalis yang sangat efisien untuk degradasi ciprofloksasin di bawah pengaruh pencahayaan yang berbeda. Fotokatalis yang dihasilkan akan dikarakterisasi secara menyeluruh menggunakan berbagai teknik termasuk XRD, UV-Vis DRS, SEM, dan FTIR. Degradasi ciprofloksasin akan dipantau secara cermat dengan mengumpulkan sampel larutan secara berkala dan melakukan analisis menyeluruh menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Uji degradasi akan dilakukan menggunakan reaktor foto yang dibangun secara khusus, yang akan memanfaatkan iradiasi internal dari lampu UV 20 W dan lampu tampak 23 W. Metode yang digunakan untuk percobaan ini adalah kalsinasi untuk sintesis g-C3N4, dan impregnasi untuk pencampuran komposit. Setelah melakukan percobaan, jenis komposit yang paling efektif ditemukan yaitu (5)U-CN- TiO2, dengan laju degradasi 82%, yaitu 29% lebih besar dari TiO2 murni di bawah Iradiasi sinar UV dan laju degradasi 31%, yaitu 15% lebih besar dari TiO2 murni di bawah cahaya tampak. Oleh karena itu, penambahan g-C3N4 ke TiO2 dapat meningkatkan laju degradasi fotokatalitik. ......The presence of antibiotic waste in different water sources poses a substantial environmental hazard, as it remains intact and resistant to decomposition, hence posing a challenge to the ecosystem. This study aims to address this problem by focusing on establishing the optimal loading of g-C3N4 within g-C3N4-TiO2 composite. The g-C3N4 is produced from several precursors such as melamine, dicyandiamide, and urea. The primary objective of these new composites is to function as exceptionally efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of ciprofloxacin under the influence of different lighting. The generated photocatalysts will be thoroughly characterized using a range of techniques including XRD, UV-Vis DRS, SEM, and FTIR. The degradation of ciprofloxacin will be carefully monitored by periodically collecting samples of the solution and doing thorough analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The degradation trials will be carried out using a specifically built photo reactor, which will utilize internal irradiation from a 20 W UV light and 23 W visible light. The methods used for this experiment were calcination for the synthesis of g-C3N4, and impregnation for mixing the composite. After conducting the experiment, the most effective type of composite was discovered to be (5)U-CN-TiO2, with a degradation rate of 82%, which is 29% greater than pure TiO2 under UV light Irradiation and 31% degradation rate, which is 15% greater than purê TiO2 under visible light. Therefore, the addition of g-C3N4 to TiO2 can increase the photocatalytic degradation rate.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Salah satu reaksi transfusi lambat yang bersifat fatal adalah TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). Kejadian TA GVHD pada pasien immunocompromised diperkirakan sebesar 0,1- 1,0% dengan angka kematian sekitar 80- 90%.7 Upaya radiasi komponen darah seluler saat ini merupakan cara yang paling efisien dan dapat diandalkan untuk mencegah TA-GVHD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek berbagai dosis radiasi terhadap sel darah merah selama penyimpanan. Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik pada 72 sediaan sel darah merah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sediaan sel darah merah dibagi menjadi 4 grup, yaitu grup yang mendapat dosis 2500,3000,5000 cGy dan kontrol. Dilakukan pengujian OFT dan kadar kalium pada hari pertama, ketiga dan kelima penyimpanan. Hasil : Terjadi peningkatan kadar kalium yang bermakna secara statistik mulai dari hari pertama setelah dilakukan radiasi pada semua dosis. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ketahanan membran sel darah merah terhadap semua dosis radiasi selama penyimpanan sampai hari kelima. Simpulan : Radiasi pada dosis 2500-5000 cGy dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadarkalium dan tidak menyebabkan perubahan fragilitas sel darah merah yang disimpan selama 5 hari setelah radiasi. Perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai mutu sediaan sel darah merah selama penyimpanan setelah dilakukan radiasi seperti melihat tingkat hemolisis (hemolisis rate).

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ABSTRACT
Background: One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage. Method: This study used a descriptive analytic design at 72 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage. Results: An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. Found no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Conclusion: Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate).;Background: One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage. Method: This study used a descriptive analytic design at 72 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage. Results: An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. Found no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Conclusion: Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate)., Background: One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage. Method: This study used a descriptive analytic design at 72 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage. Results: An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. Found no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Conclusion: Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate).]

Abstrak :
Iradiasi gamma banyak digunakan oleh beberapa industri obat herbal sebagai metode pengawetan yang efisien dalam mengurangi kontaminasi mikroorganisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh iradiasi gamma (0; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) pada ekstrak etanol H. sabdariffa (EEHS) terhadap uji total mikroorganisme, total kandungan fenol dan flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan, TLC profiling, total kuersetin dan bobot molekul, aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim α-glukosidase dan in-vitro analisis terhadap galur sel kanker manusia (A-549,HUT-78, dan MCF-7). Iradiasi dosis 5 kGy menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya kapang yang tumbuh dan terjadi penurunan jumlah total bakteri, lebih lanjut iradiasi pada dosis 10 kGy tidak terjadi pertumbuhan bakteri. Analisis total fenol, dan flavonoid, serta aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan adanya penurunan sebesar 5-11% setelah diiradiasi pada dosis 5 kGy. Analisis profil TLC dan HPLC menunjukkan bahwa salah satu senyawa dalam EEHS adalah kuersetin yang ditunjukan dengan adanya [M+H]+ pada m/z 303,04 dari hasil analisis LC-Ms/Ms. EEHS juga memiliki penghambatan terhadap aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dengan nilai penghambatan 4,75-7,55%. Uji aktivitas anti kanker terhadap galur sel kanker manusia menunjukkan bahwa EEHS memiliki kemampuan menginhibisi sel kanker sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 < 20 µg/mL. Lebih lanjut, khasiat anti kanker paling kuat terhadap HUT-78, dengan nilai IC50 10,51 µg/mL, diikuti terhadap MCF-7 (IC50 13,39 µg/mL), dan  A-549 (IC50 14,19 µg/mL). Diketahui pula bahwa iradiasi dosis 5-10 kGy mampu menurunkan aktivitas anti kanker, namun penurunan tersebut tidak menghilangkan aktivitasnya yang ditandai nilai IC50 < 20 µg/mL. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa iradiasi gamma dapat digunakan sebagai pengawetan pada ekstrak etanol H. sabdariffa Linn. ......Gamma irradiation is widely used by many herbal medicine industries as an efficient preservative method in reducing microorganism contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) on the ethanol extract of H. sabdariffa (EEHS) toward the total microorganism test, total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, TLC profile, total quercetin and its molecular weight, inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme , as well as in-vitro bioassay against human cancer cell lines (A-549, HUT-78, and MCF-7). Irradiation at a dose of 5 kGy showed that no mold grew and there was a decrease in the total number of bacteria, moreover at a dose of 10 kGy there was no bacterial growth. Analysis of total phenols and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant activitiy showed a decrease of 5-11% after irradiation at a dose of 5 kGy. TLC and HPLC profile analysis showed that one of the compounds in the H. sabdariffa extract was quercetin which was indicated by the presence of [M+H]+ at m/z = 303.04 from the LC-MS/MS analysis. EEHS also had inhibitoty  activity against α-glucosidase enzyme with the inhibition value of 4.75-7.55%. Bioassay anticancer against human cancer cell lines showed that EEHS had a very strong ability to inhibit cancer cells with the IC50 value < 21 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-cancer properties were strongest against HUT-78 with the IC50 value of 10.51 µg/mL, followed by MCF-7 (IC50 13.39 µg/mL), and A-549 (IC50 14.19 µg/mL). It is also known that irradiation doses of 5-10 kGy could reduce anti-cancer activity, however the decrease did not eliminate its activity which was the IC50 values still lower than 20 µg/mL. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that gamma irradiation can be used as a preservative method for ethanol extract of H. sabdariffa Linn.