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Abstrak :
This two month iron supplementation was a community trial study conducted in Sambelia village in Sambelia subdistrict, East Lombok district, West Nusa Tenggara province during October-December 1996. The main objective of the study was to investigate religious leader or toga as distribution channel of iron tablets for women in child-bearing age. There were 187 women involved in this study, 94 received the tablets through religious leaders (Toga group) and 93 from cadre (Cadre group). Both groups of women received 8 tablets of 60 mg elemental iron (combined with 250 pg folic acid, 2500 IU vitamin A and 60 mg vitamin C) to be taken once weekly for two months. Coverage was defined as percentage of women in child-bearing age who received the tablets. The women's compliance was assessed by interview and stool test. Other methods of assessment included anthropometry measurements (weight, height, MUAC) and biochemical test (hemoglobin test with cyanmethemoglobin method). In addition, Focus Group Discussion on some women and personal interview with the distribution channels (toga and cadre) using Semi Structured Interview were also conducted. The women were comparable in socioeconomic condition and hemoglobin status. The distribution through toga and cadre could cover respectively 87.1% and 86.2% of the women. Compliance was better among women in toga group who in average took 6.8 tablets compared to 5.9 among women in cadre group (p < 0.10). There was however no difference in improvement of hemoglobin (after controlling for some confounders) nor in decrease of anemia prevalence between the two groups after 2 months period The Hb increased by 0.14 g/dL and 0.30 g/dL and anemia prevalence decreased by 13.9 % and 16.2 % respectively in toga group and cadre group. In the cadre group, predictors of non full compliers were social factors (ie. age, family income, education level) and frequency of contact with the cadre, whereas in the toga group, only side effects were predictive of non-full compliers. Combining both groups, 31% of non full compliers were identified by social factors (ie. age less than 20 and living in permanent house) and provider-user dynamics (iefrequency of contact with the distribution channels). Results suggest that toga was a potential channel of iron tablet for women in child-bearing age. With different nature of toga and cadre, their cooperation has potential for better achievement of iron supplementation program.

Abstrak :
Anemia gizi merupakan masalah gizi yang besar dan Iuas diderita oleh penduduk Indonesia. Anemia gizi biasanya disebabkan jumlah zat besi yang dikonsumsi tidak sesuai dengan jumlah yang dibutuhkan. Di samping itu berbagai faktor juga dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya anemia gizi yaitu, kurangnya konsumsi zat gizi antara lain protein, besi, vitamin C, energi, infeksi, menstruasi, sanitasi Iingkungan, status gizi, pengetahuan dan sosial ekonomi. Konsekuensi yang timbul akibat terjadinya anemia gizi adalah menurunnya aktifitas, produktivitas rendah, terhambatnya perkembangan mental dan kecerdasan (penurunan prestasi belajar), menurunnya kekebalan terhadap penyakit infeksi dan meningkatnya kesakitan. Prevalensi anemia gizi remaja putri berdasarkan beberapa hasil penelitian ternyata cukup tinggi. Hasil SKRT tahun 1995 sebesar 57,1% bahkan studi terhadap siswi SMU Padang tahun 1995 diketahui prevalensi anemia sebesar 80%. Prevalensi ini tergolong dalam masalah kesehatan masyarakat berat, sementara upaya penanggulangan anemia belum mengarah kepada sasaran remaja/mahasiswi ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran prevalensi anemia dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan serta faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan status anemia mahasiswi Akademi Kebidanan (Akbid) di Banda Aceh tahun 2002. Desain penelitian menggunakan crossectional. Populasi adalah seluruh mahasiswi Akbid di Banda Aceh sebanyak 836 orang dan yang menjadi sampel sebanyak 198 orang. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 Akbid yaitu Akbid Depkes Banda Aceh, Akbid Mona dan Akbid Muhammadiyah pads tingkat I, II dan III dari bulan Juli - Agustus 2002. Penetapan besar sampel berdasarkan alokasi sama rata yaitu 66 orang tiap akademi dan 22 orang pada tiap tingkat. Pengambilan sampel pada masing-masing tingkat dengan sistematic random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan beberapa cara yaitu status anemia dengan pemeriksaan kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) menggunakan metoda cyanmethemoglobin, wawancara untuk kebiasaan minum teh, frekuensi haid, lama haid, pengetahuan tentang anemia, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan status tempat tinggal, food recall 2x24 jam untuk konsumsi zat gizi, pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan untuk Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) dan pengukuran LILA. Variabel dependen penelitian ini adalah status anemia mahasiswi sedangkan variabel independen meliputi konsumsi zat gizi (energi, protein, besi dan vitamin C), status gizi (IMT dan LILA), kebiasaan minum teh, pola haid (frekuensi haid dan lama haid), pengetahuan tentang anemia, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan status tempat tinggal. Analisa data meliputi : univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi (semua variabel), mean, median, standart deviasi, minimum dan maksimum (variabel yang memiliki data numerik), analisis bivariat dengan chi square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian diketahui prevalensi anemia sebesar 88,9% (anemia ringan 57,1%, anemia sedang 29,8% dan 2% anemia berat). Pada analisis bivariat diperoleh variabel yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0.05) dengan status anemia adalah konsumsi besi, konsumsi vitamin C, kebiasaan minum teh, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan status tempat tinggal dan dalam analisis multivariat variabel yang berhubungan adalah konsumsi besi, konsumsi vitamin C, kebiasaan minum teh dan status ternpat tinggal, selanjutnya variabel yang berhubungan paling dominan dengan status anemia adalah konsumsi zat besi (OR = 6,565). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, disarankan agar penanggulangan anemia gizi mahasiswi/remaja putri; sudah harus diprioritaskan. Memasyarakatkan Gerakan membuat taman gizi dengan menanam pohon buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran sumber vitamin C dan zat besi. Penyuluhan kepada mahasisiwi/remaja putri dan ibu-ibu serta memotivasi mahasiswi untuk mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah harga murah secara mandiri. Pemeriksaan kadar Hb pada mahasiswi secara berkala yang dimulai sejak mahasiswa baru dan pengobatan bagi penderita anemia terutama anemia berat dan sedang serta memasukkan bahasan anemia pada mata ajaran tertentu. Penyuluhan kepada para pengelola makanan asrama tentang pentingnya variasi makanan terutama makanan sumber vitamin C dan zat besi yang murah dan mudah diperoleh disekitarnya serta cara pengoaahan makanan yang baik. Pada penelitian selanjutnya agar menggunakan desain yang lebih baik, variabel yang berbeda dan sampel pada kelompok rawan anemia lainnya.

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Nutritional anemia is a wide and huge nutrition problem suffered by many Indonesian people. Nutritional anemia usually caused by inadequate amount of iron consumption. Besides, other factors could influence the occurrence of nutritional anemia including inadequate nutrient consumption such as protein, vitamin C, energy, infections, menstruation, poor environmental sanitation, poor nutritional status, lack of knowledge, and poor socioeconomic conditions. As consequences, there is a decrease in activity, low productivity, occurrence of mental retardation, and Iow intelligence, decrease in immunity, and increase in morbidity. According to several studies, prevalence of anemia among teenage girls was high. SKRT result in 1995 showed prevalence of 57.1%. One study among high school girl student in Padang in 1995 showed prevalence as high as 80%. The problem could be categorized as severe public health problem, while the current existing intervention on anemia was not targeted to this segment of population. The aim of this study is to obtain a description on anemia prevalence and its related factors as well as the most associated factors on anemia status among female students of Midwife Academies in Banda Aceh in the year of 2002. The design of the study was cross sectional. Population was all female students in Midwife Academies in Banda Aceh (836 students), with 198 subjects as sample. There were 3 academies, that is, Midwife Academy of Depkes Banda Aceh, Mona Midwife Academy, and Muhammadiyah Midwife Academy including students of all grades in the period of July-August 2002. Sampling was equally distributed among three academies, resulted in 66 students for each academy and 22 students for each grade. Sample in each level was obtained through systematic random sampling. Data was collected using several methods including cyanmethemoglobin to examine Hb level as to determine anemia status, face-to-face interview to know the habit of drinking tea, frequency of menstruation, duration of menstruation, knowledge, mother's educational background and living condition status, 2 X 24 hours recall to predict nutrient consumption, weight and height measurements to calculate body mass index (BMI) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement. Dependent variable in this study was anemia status while the independent variables included nutrient consumption (energy, protein, iron, and vitamin C), nutritional status (BMI and MUAC), habit of drinking tea, menstruation pattern (frequency and duration), knowledge, mother's education level and living conditions status. Data analyses included univariate with frequency distribution (for all variables), mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum (for numeric variables), bivariate using chi square, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The result showed that prevalence of anemia was 89.4% (mild anemia 47.5%, moderate anemia 40.4%, and severe anemia 1.5%). Bivariate analysis showed that variables that statistically significantly (p

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas GPPH disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti genetik dan lingkungan. Zat besi berperan sebagai kofaktor enzim tirosin-hidroksilase dalam proses modulasi produksi dopamin dan epinefrin, yang berpengaruh pada kontrol perilaku motorik normal. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara risiko tinggi defisiensi besi dengan GPPH. Metode: Studi kasus kontrol menggunakan kuesioner untuk uji tapis pertama GPPH dan defisiensi besi, melibatkan 376 siswa SD 01, 03, dan 05 Kenari, Jakarta periode 2015/2016. Hasil: Melalui uji Chi-square, ditemukan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara risiko tinggi defisiensi besi dengan GPPH pada siswa dengan odds ratio 2,447 1,354 ndash; 4,422, IK 95 , p = 0,002. Kesimpulan: Risiko tinggi defisiensi zat besi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko GPPH pada siswa sekolah dasar di Jakarta. Kecukupan asupan zat besi pada anak perlu dijaga sejak dini. ...... Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD is caused by many factors, including genetics and environmental factor, e.g. iron. Iron acts as a cofactor in the modulation of dopamine and epinephrine production, affecting control in motoric behavior. Aim: of study To find the association between the high risk of iron deficiency and ADHD. Method: A case control study using questionnaire to screen ADHD and iron deficiency in 376 elementary students in SD Kenari Jakarta. Results: Positive correlation between the high risk of iron deficiency and ADHD, using Chi square method with odds ratio 2.447 1.354 ndash 4.422, IK 95 , p 0.002. Conclusion: High risk of iron deficiency is a risk factor of ADHD in elementary school students in Jakarta. Children should maintain adequate iron intake since early hood.