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"ABSTRAKPasir besi merupakan komoditi yang penting pada pengolahan industri besi dan bajadidunia. Saat ini Indonesia masih mengimpor bahan baku industri besi dan baja darinegara luar seperti China, Brazil, Swedia, dan lainnya. Padahal, sumber daya pasir besidi Indonesia mampu untuk menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam pengembangan industriini. Namun, dalam prosesnya pengembangan industri pengolahan pasir besi memilikibanyak hambatan, baik dari segi teknis maupun non-teknis. Kekurangan penelitiantentang teknologi pengolahan pasir besi yang mumpuni masih menjadi faktorpenghambat. Selain itu kandungan titanium yang ada pada pasir besi yang umumnyadi Indonesia juga menjadi masalah yang teknis bagi pengembangan industri ini. Untukitu diperlukan suatu penelitian tentang pengolahan pasir besi. Pada penelitian dilakukansuatu metode penggunaan ukuran partikel serta proses magnetik untuk melakukanpreparasi awal suatu proses peningkatan kadar titanium dari pasir besi. Sampel awalpasir besi yang digunakan berasal dari daerah Tasikmalaya. Pada awalnya, pasir besiakan diberikan proses pengeringan selama 30menit untuk mengurangi kadar air dalampasir besi tersebut. Setelah pengeringan selesai sampel dianalisis komposisi denganmenggunakan EDS. Kemudian sampel akan melalui tahapan pengayakan. Pada prosesini, pasir besi akan terpisah menjadi beberapa ukuran partikel, diantaranya 80#, 100#,120#, 140#, 170#, dan 270#. Setelah itu sampel dilakukan uji EDS untuk melihat kadartitanium tertinggi. Kemudian sampel diberikan proses pemisahan secara magnetikdengan 3 variabel, yakni 0.5T, 1.3T, 1.8T. Setelahnya sampel dianalisis kembalikadarnya untuk kemudian memperoleh hasil peningkatan kadar titanium setelahproses-proses tersebut. Pada awal pengeringan, sampel memiliki kadar Ti sebesar4.43%. Setelah melalui proses pengayakan, sampel dengan kadar titanium tertinggiadalah sampel yang memiliki ukuran partikel 270#, yakni sebesar 11.87%. Sampel inikemudian menjadi sampel utama pada proses pemisahan magnetik. Pada prosespemisahan magnetik didapatkan terjadi penurunan kadar titanium pada penggunaaninduktansi sebesar 0.5T dan 1.3T. Namun, pada saat penggunaan induktansi 1.8T,sampel mengalami peningkatan kadar Ti menjadi 14.22%.

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ABSTRACTIron sand is an important commodity in the processing of iron and steel industry in theworld. As we know, Indonesia still import raw materials of this industry from foreigncountries, for example, China, Brazil, Sweden, etc. In fact, iron sand resources inIndonesia is able to be one of the alternatives resources in the development of thisindustry. However, the development of the iron sand processing industry has muchbarriers, both technical and non-technical. We can developed iron sand to be a potentialsource for titanium processing industry. Titanium processing industry in Indonesiaitself is still rarely developed. This is because of some difficulties in the process.Shortage of research on developed technologies that capable and friendly toenvirontment is still a limiting factor. In addition the content of titanium in the ironsand is also being a technical problem for the development of this industry. Thisrequires a deep study of the iron sand processing. In this research carried out a methodusing magnetic and particle size as well as the process of preparation of titaniumextraction. Initial sample of iron sand used comes from Tasikmalaya region. First ofall, the iron sand will be given the drying process for 30 minutes to reduce the watercontent in the iron sand. After that, the samples were analyzed its composition by usingEDS. Then the sample will be sieving through 6 stages. In this process, iron sand willbe separated into several particle sizes, such as 80 #, 100 #, 120 #, 140 #, 170 #, and270 #. After that, the samples tested with EDS to see which sample has the highestlevels of titanium content. Then the sample is given by the magnetic separation processwith 3 variables, 0.5T, 1.3T, 1.8T.Last process is the samples were analyzed EDS forsecond time. At the beginning of drying, the samples had levels of 4.43% Ti. Aftergoing screening process, samples with 270# has highest titanium content, which isequal to 11.87%. Than this samples then become the main sample in the magneticseparation process. In the process of magnetic separation there are some decreasedlevels of titanium content in the use of an inductance of 0.5T and 1.3T. Howe"

"Work Breakdown Structure WBS adalah perincian deliverable dan pekerjaan proyek menjadi komponen yang lebih kecil sehingga dapat dikelola lebih baik. Pada kenyataannya, proyek konstruksi jembatan di Indonesia masih banyak yang tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan dalam segi penjadwalan. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan Standarisasi WBS berbasis risiko diusulkan untuk perencanaan penjadwalan pekerjaan Jembatan Baja. Penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari beberapa tahap dengan metode analisis risiko kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan WBS standar terdiri dari 6 level, dengan variabel risiko dominan terhadap kinerja waktu proyek,yang akan di rekomendasi sebagai respon-respon risiko untuk pengembangan WBS standar.

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Work Breakdown Structure WBS is a breakdown of deliverables and project work into smaller components that can be better managed. In fact, bridge construction projects in Indonesia are still many that are not in accordance with the planning in terms of scheduling. Therefore, the development of risk based WBS Standardization is proposed for planning schedule of Steel Bridge work. The research consists of several stages with qualitative risk analysis method. The results show that WBS standard consists of 6 levels, with the dominant risk variable on project time performance, in which risk responses are recommended to develop standardized WBS."

"In recent years, bridge engineers and researchers are increasingly turning to the finite element method for the design of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges. However, the complexity of the method has made the transition slow. Based on twenty years of experience, Finite element analysis and design of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges provides structural engineers and researchers with detailed modeling techniques for creating robust design models. The book?s seven chapters begin with an overview of the various forms of modern steel and steel?concrete composite bridges as well as current design codes. This is followed by self-contained chapters concerning: nonlinear material behavior of the bridge components, applied loads and stability of steel and steel?concrete composite bridges, and design of steel and steel?concrete composite bridge components."

"ABSTRAKPada perkembangan desain moderen, aspek arsitektural dari jembatan harus di ekspresikan dalam desain struktur. Rangka pada jembatan akan lebih menarik secara visual jika tidak memiliki rangka diagonal, sehingga jembatan dengan sistem balok menerus atau sitem rangka vierendeel merupakan pilihan yang tepat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada respon seismik dari struktur jembatan balok menerus dan jembatan vierendeel dengan memvariasikan kekakuan elastomeric rubber bearing, kekakuan pilar, panjang bentang jembatan, dan jenis pilar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem rangka vierendeel lebih efisien dibandingkan sistem balok menerus.

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ABSTRACTIn the development of modern design, the architectural aspects of the bridge must be expressed in the design of the structure. The frame on the bridge will be more visually appealing if it does not have any diagonal frame, so a bridge with a continuous beam system or vierendeel system is the right choice. This study focuses on the seismic response of the continuous bridge beam structure and vierendeel bridge by varying elastomeric rubber bearing stiffness, pillar rigidity, the span of the bridge, and pillar type. The results showed that the vierendeel frame was more efficient than continuous beam system. "