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Abstrak :
Using the intelligence evidence, the US with the UK as its main backup, had convinced UN Security Council's member states to decide on sending disarmament military forces to Iraq. Aside from the political reason which the two states might have as their real vest interest in Iraq, it is interesting to explore the condition of how could such proposed sophisticated intelligence might turn so wrong. There must be factors which caused that intelligence failure. Based on the thought that in principle intelligence product is heavily depended on input data and its analysis, the real failure factors of intelligence in assessing the real condition of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program is sought through examination on data collection and its analytical process. As the result it found that unavailability of information as the most common problem involving restrictions on the circulation of sensitive in-formation was one of the intelligence failure factors. The other factor is the systemic, systematic, idiosyncratic and communicative variables within analytical process employed by the intelligence community. Unavailability of information has been exacerbated by counterintelligence (deception and denial attempts) of Iraqi security apparatus and the absence of an intelligence collection in Baghdad with the capability to penetrate government, military and scientific establishment in the capital. Overestimation of Saddam Hussein's warfare capability is caused by mirror imaging of western method he would choose in nuclear and weaponry research, while conventional wisdom is indicated being use as the analytical bases and there were also subordination of intelligence to policy which not because of pressure but rather the insufficient evidence analyst could get.

Abstrak :
The story of Edward Snowden and his shocking surveillance revelations. Edward Snowden was a 29-year-old computer genius working for the National Security Agency when he shocked the world by exposing the near-universal mass surveillance programs of the United States government. His whistleblowing has shaken the leaders of nations worldwide, and generated a passionate public debate on the dangers of global monitoring and the threat to individual privacy. In a tour de force of investigative journalism that reads like a spy novel, award-winning Guardian reporter Luke Harding tells Snowden's astonishing story--from the day he left his glamorous girlfriend in Honolulu carrying a hard drive full of secrets, to the weeks of his secret-spilling in Hong Kong, to his battle for asylum and his exile in Moscow. For the first time, Harding brings together the many sources and strands of the story--touching on everything from concerns about domestic spying to the complicity of the tech sector--while also placing us in the room with Edward Snowden himself. The result is a gripping insider narrative--and a necessary and timely account of what is at stake for all of us in the new digital age.