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"The Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, written at the invitation of the Centre by an independent International Group of Experts, is the result of a three-year effort to examine how extant international law norms apply to this new form of warfare. The Tallinn Manual pays particular attention to the jus ad bellum, the international law governing the resort to force by States as an instrument of their national policy, and the jus in bello, the international law regulating the conduct of armed conflict (also labelled the law of war, the law of armed conflict, or international humanitarian law). Related bodies of international law, such as the law of State responsibility and the law of the sea, are dealt within the context of these topics. The Tallinn Manual is not an official document, but instead an expression of opinions of a group of independent experts acting solely in their personal capacity. It does not represent the views of the Centre, our Sponsoring Nations, or NATO. It is also not meant to reflect NATO doctrine. Nor does it reflect the position of any organization or State represented by observers."

"Pada zaman sekarang, teknologi terus berkembang agar dapat membantu manusia melakukan kegiatannya sehari-hari. Dengan adanya tekonologi yang dapat membuat informasi menjadi digital, terbuka serta meluas maka masyarakat semakin bergantung pada jaringan dan tekonologi informasi. Tidak hanya pada masyarakat, teknologi informasi sangat diperdaya oleh pemerintahan untuk dapat membangun negaranya. Suatu negara dapat menggunakannya untuk kegiatan militer dan bahkan melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas dengan menggunakan cyber. Suatu cyber operation dapat membantu militer, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa hal ini dapat mempengaruhi keamanan negara. Terdapat kasus-kasus dimana negara menuduh negara lain untuk melakukan cyber operation terhadap negaranya dan telah terbukti memberikan dampak-dampak terhadap infrastruktur negara. Cyber operation dan aktivitas cyber merupakan hal yang baru dan belum terdapat pengaturan khusus yang mengaturnya. Dengan demikian, skripsi ini melihat bagaimana penerapan hukum internasional ( khususnya dari segi jus ad bellum) yang ada pada perkembangan cyber, khususnya terhadap cyber operation. Skripsi ini akan menganalisa tiga kasus yakni kasus pada Estonia (2007), Iran (2010) dan Ukraina (2015).

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In the current era, technology continues to evolve and develop in order to help humans perform its daily activities. With the technology and digital information, it has made the public?s reliability towards them for its lives. Not only the people, information technology is being deceived by the government to be able to build and develop the country. A country can use them for military activities and even perform various activities using cyber. A military cyber operation can be a positive thing, however, it be denied that this could affect the security of the state. There have been cases where a state has been accused by other countries to conduct cyber operations against its country and has likely provide the effects on the country's infrastructure. Cyber operations and cyber activity is new and there are no specific law which govern them. Thus, this thesis seek to see how the current international law (from the perspective of jus ad bellum) applies towards the development of cyber particularly against cyber operation. This thesis will analyze three cases of the case in Estonia (2007), Iran (2010) and Ukraine (2015)."