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"All legal norms that govern society must be born from a higher legal norm. This legal norm for Indonesia is embodied in the Pancasila which prescribes the basic principles underlying the 1945 Constitution. The unifying function of the Pancasila is operationalized in the agreement to form a Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) whose motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" expressly recognizes unity in diversity. The Pancasila has four pillars which in the constitutional history of Indonesia have become the subject of varying political interpretations to justify policies of incumbents. This paper will explore the normative concept of the four pillars and their influence on indonesia as a nation."

"Postmodern criminology promotes successful crime control through fulfillment of basic human rights of citizens. For Indonesia, the legal framework to realize and fulfill civil rights are already guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and supported by the state philosophy of Pancasila. However, despite such framework, structural adjustments are still necessary to ensure Indonesian society achieves full protection of these constitutionally recognized civil and political rights. This paper analyzes the constitutive criminology tradition which discourse attempts to ensure social structures are developed and institutionalized to create conditions to deter illegal acts and breach of laws. It posits that in this respect, crime should be seen as a result of the workings of Indonesian society which must be enabled to ensure equal opportunities for all Indonesians to freely and socially interact without harming others. "