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"In compliance with government regulations, mining companies in Indonesia are obliged to reclaim and return a post-mined area into its pre-mining condition. Revegetation, as part of reclamation activity, performs a significant role in the rehabilitation of degraded post-mined areas to restore their productive land uses. Hence, this study aimed to assess tree growth on the reclamation sites across four mining companies in East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, South Sumatra, and West Java in Indonesia and to evaluate whether the companies have met the legal requirements set for site revegetation. The success parameters were based on the applicable regulations of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and tree growth parameters (stem diameter, total height and basal area). The parameters set by MOEF included revegetation realization, survival rate, tree density, tree health, species composition and rotation length. The four mining companies applied the two-phase planting method that included the planting of Enterolobium cyclocarpum for the first phase; and in the second phase, the slow growing native species, such as Intsia palembanica, Sycygium polyanthum, Shorea spp. and Elmerrillia tsiampaca. The tree growth parameters showed different performances over species and reclaimed sites. An extremely high growth of stem basal area of 57.6 m2/ha in 11 years, was recorded in the E. tyclocarpum stand of the Mining Company in South Sulawesi. All four mining companies strived to comply with the regulation with scores of revegetation success ranging from 15 to 25 out of 25 possible points. However, these favorable results may not be representative of all the mining companies, as the ones assessed were only those voluntarily supporting this research. Moreover, each of the four companies made some distinct efforts in implementing post-mining revegetation, such as by establishing plots of Melaleuca cajuputi trees producing cajuput oil and polycultures of native species."

"Anak usia sekolah merupakan generasi penerus bangsa yang rentan tertular penyakit infeksi. Perilaku cuci tangan dapat menurunkan lebih dari setengah insidensi penyakit infeksi seperti ISPA dan diare, namun kelompok usia anak sekolah masih memperoleh capaian terendah untuk perilaku cuci tangan yang benar. Saat ini di Indonesia belum ada penggunaan peer-led approach yang secara spesifik ditujukan untuk meningkatkan perilaku cuci tangan pada anak dalam rentang usia sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh dari peer-led approach terhadap perilaku cuci tangan anak usia sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pre post control group. Sampel sebanyak 393 orang anak usia sekolah pada kelompok intervensi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Jawa 2 Martapura dan sebanyak 393 orang anak usia sekolah pada kelompok kontrol di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Jawa 5 Martapura yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Mann Whitney test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh peer-led approach terhadap perilaku cuci tangan anak usia sekolah (p value 0,001). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlu adanya perawat komunitas untuk melaksanakan kegiatan peer-led approach serta memantau keberlanjutan kegiatan peer leader yang terintegrasi dalam pelayanan Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah.

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The health status of school-age children is important since they are the future generation of a country. School-age children still get the lowest achievement for washing their hands so that they are at risk of communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any influence of peer-led approach on hand washing behaviour of school-age children. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a pre post control group involving 786 students. The intervention is given by educating the leader in the child`s group, then the peer leaders transfer the information to the member of the peer group within one month period. The result showed that there is a difference between intervention and control group in hand washing behaviour following the intervention (p: 0.001)."