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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita dengan tujuan untuk membentuk keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan keTuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Penulis berasumsi bahwa salah satu tujuan perkawinan adalah untuk mendapatkan keturunan atau anak. Dalam penelitian ini pokok permasalahan yang penulis angkat adalah mengenai kedudukan anak luar kawin ditinjau dari Pasal 43 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan analisis terhadap Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor : 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Pasal 43 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan menyatakan bahwa anak luar kawin hanya memiliki hubungan hukum dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya. Tindakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan anak luar kawin memiliki hubungan hukum dengan ayah dan keluarga ayahnya adalah melalui pengakuan terhadap anak luar kawin dan pengesahan anak luar kawin pada saat perkawinan kedua orangtuanya. Dalam Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor : 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim orang tua dari anak luar kawin tidak melakukan pengesahan terhadap anak luar kawin mereka pada saat perkawinan, sehingga meminta penetapan pengadilan negeri. Pengakuan dan Pengesahan Anak yang telah melebihi jangka waktu yang telah ditetapkan Pasal 49 dan Pasal 50 Undang-Undang Nomor 24 tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan harus melalui Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri. Penulis setuju dengan pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Nomor : 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim.

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ABSTRACT
Marriage is born inner bond between a man and a woman with the aim to a form a happy family and eternal based on one supreme divinity. The authors assume that one of purposes of marriage is to obtain offspring or children. The issue that i use is on the position of illegitimate child in view of Article 43 of Law Number 1 year 1974 concerning marriage and analysis to determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM. The autor uses the methode of normative legal research. Article 43 of Law number 1 year 1974 on marriage states that an illegitimate child only has a legal relationship with mother and her family. Legal actions that can be done to an illegitimate child has a legal relationship with his father and his father?s family is throught the recognition and validation of an illegitimate child at the time of his parents marriage. If parents of an illegitimate child negligent conduct agains an illegitimate child endorsement, can be done in state court determination as described in Article 32 paragraph 2 of Law number 26 year 2006 concerning administration of residence. In determination of district court number: 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim an illegitimate child?s parents do not approve of the marriage of their children at the time of marriage, so requast a court warrant. Recognation and validation of child who has exceeded a predetermined time period Article 49 and Article 50 of Law Number 24 year 2013 concerning changes to the Law number of 2006 concerning administration of residence must go through a court warrant. Autors agrees with the legal considerations in determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM.;Marriage is born inner bond between a man and a woman with the aim to a form a happy family and eternal based on one supreme divinity. The authors assume that one of purposes of marriage is to obtain offspring or children. The issue that i use is on the position of illegitimate child in view of Article 43 of Law Number 1 year 1974 concerning marriage and analysis to determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM. The autor uses the methode of normative legal research. Article 43 of Law number 1 year 1974 on marriage states that an illegitimate child only has a legal relationship with mother and her family. Legal actions that can be done to an illegitimate child has a legal relationship with his father and his father?s family is throught the recognition and validation of an illegitimate child at the time of his parents marriage. If parents of an illegitimate child negligent conduct agains an illegitimate child endorsement, can be done in state court determination as described in Article 32 paragraph 2 of Law number 26 year 2006 concerning administration of residence. In determination of district court number: 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim an illegitimate child?s parents do not approve of the marriage of their children at the time of marriage, so requast a court warrant. Recognation and validation of child who has exceeded a predetermined time period Article 49 and Article 50 of Law Number 24 year 2013 concerning changes to the Law number of 2006 concerning administration of residence must go through a court warrant. Autors agrees with the legal considerations in determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM.;Marriage is born inner bond between a man and a woman with the aim to a form a happy family and eternal based on one supreme divinity. The authors assume that one of purposes of marriage is to obtain offspring or children. The issue that i use is on the position of illegitimate child in view of Article 43 of Law Number 1 year 1974 concerning marriage and analysis to determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM. The autor uses the methode of normative legal research. Article 43 of Law number 1 year 1974 on marriage states that an illegitimate child only has a legal relationship with mother and her family. Legal actions that can be done to an illegitimate child has a legal relationship with his father and his father?s family is throught the recognition and validation of an illegitimate child at the time of his parents marriage. If parents of an illegitimate child negligent conduct agains an illegitimate child endorsement, can be done in state court determination as described in Article 32 paragraph 2 of Law number 26 year 2006 concerning administration of residence. In determination of district court number: 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim an illegitimate child?s parents do not approve of the marriage of their children at the time of marriage, so requast a court warrant. Recognation and validation of child who has exceeded a predetermined time period Article 49 and Article 50 of Law Number 24 year 2013 concerning changes to the Law number of 2006 concerning administration of residence must go through a court warrant. Autors agrees with the legal considerations in determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM., Marriage is born inner bond between a man and a woman with the aim to a form a happy family and eternal based on one supreme divinity. The authors assume that one of purposes of marriage is to obtain offspring or children. The issue that i use is on the position of illegitimate child in view of Article 43 of Law Number 1 year 1974 concerning marriage and analysis to determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM. The autor uses the methode of normative legal research. Article 43 of Law number 1 year 1974 on marriage states that an illegitimate child only has a legal relationship with mother and her family. Legal actions that can be done to an illegitimate child has a legal relationship with his father and his father’s family is throught the recognition and validation of an illegitimate child at the time of his parents marriage. If parents of an illegitimate child negligent conduct agains an illegitimate child endorsement, can be done in state court determination as described in Article 32 paragraph 2 of Law number 26 year 2006 concerning administration of residence. In determination of district court number: 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.Jkt.Tim an illegitimate child’s parents do not approve of the marriage of their children at the time of marriage, so requast a court warrant. Recognation and validation of child who has exceeded a predetermined time period Article 49 and Article 50 of Law Number 24 year 2013 concerning changes to the Law number of 2006 concerning administration of residence must go through a court warrant. Autors agrees with the legal considerations in determination of district court number 55/Pdt.P/2014/PN.JKT.TIM.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Anak yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat dari suatu perkawinan yang dilakukan secara sah dan dicatatkan menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, hukum dapat memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan atas hak-haknya. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah ketika anak yang dilahirkan tidak dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan yang sah, maka negara tidak dapat memberikan kepastian dan perlindungan terhadapnya. Dengan begitu, persoalan hubungan keperdataan ayah dan anak menjadi bermasalah. Pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dan anak luar kawin menjadi sulit. Mahkamah Konstitusi mengeluarkan sebuah putusan yang pada intinya mengatakan bahwa ayah biologis dari anak luar kawin dapat mempunyai hubungan keperdataan dengan anak tersebut, sepanjang dapat dibuktikan dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang ada, oleh karenanya penulis mengangkat pokok permasalahan dalam tesis ini yaitu bagaimana kedudukan anak sah yang kemudian dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan Tes DNA bahwa si suami bukan ayah biologisnya dalam pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dengan anak dan bagaimana kedudukan tes DNA dan penerapan hukumnya pada pembuktian hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dan anak tersebut dalam Putusan No. 66/Pdt.G/2012/PTA.Sby dan Putusan No. 1484/Pdt.G/2012/PA.Bms. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan keperdataan yang dimaksud dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah ayah biologis dari anak luar kawin tetap memiliki kewajiban hukum untuk memberikan nafkah kepada anak luar kawin. Mengenai kedudukan tes DNA sebagai salah satu alat bukti yang dapat membuktikan hubungan keperdataan antara ayah dan anak luar kawin dapat diterapkan, karena tes DNA mempunyai hasil akurasi yang tepat, namun dalam memerintahkan suatu tes DNA, hakim harus memeperhatikan fakta-fakta hukum yang ada dan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

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ABSTRACT
Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force.;Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force.;Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force., Children who were born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage and recorded in accordance with the legislation in force, law can provide certainty and protection of their rights. The problem is when a child is not born in or as a result of a legitimate marriage, then the state can not provide certainty and protection against him. That , the issue of civil relationship of father and son became problematic. Proof of civil relationship between father and son outside marriage becomes difficult. The Constitutional Court issued a ruling that essentially says that the biological father of a child outside of marriage can have a civil relationship with the child, as long as can be proved by science and technology exist, therefore the authors raise the issue in this thesis is how the position of the legitimate child then it can be proven by DNA testing that the husband is not the biological father in the proof of civil relationship between the father and son and how the position of DNA testing and application of the ruling on evidentiary civil relationship between the father and the child in Decision No. 66 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PTA.Sby and Decision No. 1484 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PA.Bms. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the civil relationship referred to in the Decision of the Constitutional Court is the biological father of a child outside of marriage still has a legal obligation to provide maintenance to a child outside marriage. Regarding the position of DNA testing as one type of evidence that can prove the civil relationship between father and son outside of marriage can be applied, because the accuracy of the results of DNA tests have the right, but in order a DNA test, the judge must consider the facts existing and regulations legislation in force.]

Abstrak :
Perkawinan merupakan salah satu peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan manusia.Tujuan dari perkawinan adalah membentuk keluarga yang bahgia dan kekal. Namun pada kenyataannya banyak terjadi permasalahan dalam pelakasanaannya. Salah satunya adalah perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan. Jika suatu perkawinan dilakukan maka tentunya perlu disertai dengan buktibukti autentik yang sifat bukti itu dapat dipedomani untuk membuktikan tentang kedudukan hukumnya. Dalam hal perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan maka anak-anak yang lahir dalam perkawinan tersebut mendapatkan status sebagai anak luar kawin atau tidak dianggap sebagai anak sah. Dalam tesis ini akan dibahas mengenai pengertian anak sah dan anak luar kawin yang diatur dalam undang-undang perkawinan nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan dan juga engenai keabsahan perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan serta akibat hokum yang timbul terhadap anak-anak yang lahir dalam perkawinan tersebut. Metode penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan jenis data sekunder yaitu bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini bahwa perkawinan yang telah dilakukan secara agama dan kepercayaan adalah sah menurut hhukum agama namun belum sah menurut hokum negara. Pencatatan perkawinan menajdikan suatu perkawinan yang telah sah secara agama tersebut menjadi sah dan diakui juga di mata hukum negara. Apabila suat perkawinan adalah sah menurut hokum negara maka anak yang ahir dari perkawina tersebut adalah anak sah, namun apabila perkawinan itu tidak dicatatkan sehingga tidak sah menurut hokum negara maka anak -anak yang lahir dari perkawinan demikian menjadi anak luar kawin. Anak-anak ini tidak bisa mendapatkan hak layaknya anak-anak lain yang lahir dalam perkawinan yang sah dan dicatatkan. Anak-anak dalam perkawinan tersebut tidak dapat menuntut hak atas nafkah, hak atas biaya hidup, serta tanggung jawab terhadap biaya pendidikan, juga kelak di kemudian hari tidak berhak atas warisan dari pihak ayahnya. ......Marriage is one of the key events in the human life.The purpose of a marriage is a build a happy family that will last for a lifetime. But in reality many problems occur in the marriage. One of the problemis a marriage that is not recorded by the goverment. A marriage must have evidence that can be guided to prove their legal status. In the case of a marriage that is not listed then the children born in such marriages not considered as a legitimate child. This thesis will discuss the definition of legitimate children and children outside of mating regulated in marriage law no. 1 of 1974 on marriage and also about validity of a marriage that is not recorded and the consequences arising out of the law that children born in the marriage. The research method in this thesis is a normative juridical using secondary data types, namely primary legal materials and secondary law. The conclusion from this study that the marriage was performed religiously and trust are valid according to religion law but not legal under state law. Registration of marriages makes a marriage that already valid by religion law also to be valid and recognized in the eyes of state law. If divulging marriage is valid according to the state law then the children that orn in the marriage is considered as a legitimate child, but if the marriage was not registered so then it is not legal under state law, the children becomes a child outside of marriage. These children can not get the right like other children born in a marriage that is valid and registered. Children in this kind of marriage can not claim the right to livelihood, the right to the cost of living, as well as the responsibility for the cost of education, but also later in life is not entitled to inheritance from his father's side.

Abstrak :
Anak luar kawin lahir akibat dari suatu hubungan di luar perkawinan yang sah, baik menurut agama maupun negara. Setiap anak, tanpa memandang statusnya, memiliki hak atas identitas yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk akta kelahiran. Perbedaan status antara anak luar kawin dengan anak sah menjadikannya memiliki kedudukan yang berbeda dalam memiliki hubungan perdata dengan orang tuanya. Dalam akta kelahiran anak luar kawin hanya tertulis nama ibu saja, sehingga anak luar kawin hanya memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibunya. Pada praktiknya, banyak ayah yang merasa tidak memiliki kewajiban untuk menafkahi maupun memenuhi hak-hak anak luar kawin lainnya karena tidak dicantumkan namanya pada akta kelahiran anak luar kawin. Padahal, setiap anak juga berhak untuk dibesarkan oleh kedua orang tuanya. Tidak adanya hubungan perdata antara ayah dengan anak luar kawin menyebabkan hak-hak anak tersebut berkurang ataupun hilang, salah satunya ialah hak waris. Sehingga, apabila ingin memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ayah kandungnya, maka ayah tersebut harus melakukan pengakuan anak luar kawin yang diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 96 Tahun 2018, yakni dengan mengajukan permohonan ke pengadilan dengan menyertakan bukti yang menunjukkan kebenaran adanya hubungan darah yang umumnya dilakukan dengan tes DNA atau deoxyribonucleic acid. Permohonan pengakuan anak luar kawin dapat pula diajukan oleh ibu kandung dari anak maupun anak itu sendiri. Pencantuman nama ayah pada akta kelahiran anak luar kawin merupakan hasil penetapan pengadilan dari permohonan pengakuan anak luar kawin. Permasalahan yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah mengenai akibat hukum yang akan terjadi terhadap anak maupun ayahnya dengan dicantumkannya nama ayah pada akta kelahiran anak luar kawin. Selain itu, dengan timbulnya hubungan perdata dengan anak luar kawinnya akankah menimbulkan dampak bagi keluarga lain dari ayah apabila ayah tersebut memiliki istri maupun anak sah. Penelitian ini akan menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan menganalisis kasus pada Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Utara Penetapan Nomor 726/Pdt.P/2022/PN Jkt.Utr. ......Children out of wedlock are born as a result of a relationship outside of marriage that deemed according to religion and state. Every child, regardless of their status, has the right to identity which manifested in the form of a birth certificate. The difference of status between children out of wedlock and legitimate children makes them have a different position in having civil relations with their parents. In the birth certificate of a child out of wedlock only the mother's name is written, so that a child out of wedlock only has a civil relationship with his mother. In practice, many fathers feel they have no obligation to support or fulfill the rights of their children out of wedlock since their names are not listed on the birth certificates of children out of wedlock. In fact, every child also has the right to be raised by both parents. The absence of a civil relationship between father and child out of wedlock causes the child's rights to decrease or even disappear, one of which is the inheritance rights. However, if someone wants to have a civil relationship with their biological father, the father must acknowledge an illegitimate child as stipulated in Presidential Regulation Number 96 of 2018, namely by submitting an application to the court and showing evidence of a blood relationship which is generally carried out by blood test DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. An application for acknowledgement of a child out of wedlock can also be submitted by the biological mother of the child or even the child himself. The inclusion of the father's name on the birth certificate of a child out of wedlock is the result of a court determination on an application for the acknowledgement of a child out of wedlock. The problems that underlies this research is regarding the legal consequences that will occur to both the child and the father by including the father's name on the birth certificate of a child out of wedlock. Moreover, the emergence of a civil relationship with illegitimate child will have an impact on other families from the father if the father has a wife or legitimate children. The research will answer these problems by analyzing the case at the North Jakarta District Court Determination Number 726/Pdt.P/2022/PN Jkt.Utr.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini Membahas mengenai Kewenangan Bertindak dari Orang Asing sebagai Pihak dalam Akta Perjanjian Mengulangsewakan. Penting bagi Notaris untuk memperhatikan dan mengetahui Kewenangan bertindak bagi Orang Asing yang berkedudukan di Indonesia sebagai Pihak dalam Akta. Hal ini disebabkan kelalaian atau ketidaktahuan Notaris terhadap hal tersebut akan mengakibatkan kewenangan Orang Asing sebagai pihak dalam Akta menjadi tidak sah, sehingga membuat Akta Perjanjian tersebut dapat dibatalkan dan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Adapun Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam Penelitian ini adalah mengenai Kewenangan bertindak Orang Asing sebagai Pihak dalam Akta Perjanjian Mengulangewakan Tanah. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam Penelitian ini, peneliti akan meninjau dari Peraturan Perundang-Undangan terkait beserta menganalisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2099 K/Pdt/2017. Hasil Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pentingnya Notaris untuk mengetahui Kewenangan Bertindak Orang Asing sebagai Pihak dalam Pembuatan Perjanjian Mengulangsewakan Tanah dengan melihat kegiatan dari Orang Asing tersebut berada di Indonesia serta memperhatikan Hukum Pertanahan dan Izin Tinggal Keimigrasiannya. Akibat Hukum dari ketidakwenangan Orang Asing sebagai Pihak dalam Perjanjian yang merupakan pelanggaran terhadap syarat subyektif sahnya suatu perjanjian maka dari itu Perjanjian tersebut dapat dibatalkan. Berkaitan dengan Hubungan Hukum antara Pemilik Tanah dengan Penyewa dari Perjanjian Mengulangsewakan sebagai akibat dari lahirnya Perjanjian Mengulangsewakan, bahwa keduanya tidak ada hubungan dalam perjanjian tersebut.  ......This research discussed the issue of Competence to take action from a foreigner as the party in the deed re-rent agreement. Important for a Notary to consider and knows competence the act for foreigner when domiciled in Indonesia as parties in the deed. This caused forgetfulness or ignorance to this will result in a notary and the competence to foreigner as parties in the deed to be illegitimate, so as to make the agreement can be undone and do not have the force of law. As for the problems raised in this research was regarding the Competence to act foreigner as parties in deed re-rent agreement the land. The problems raised in this research, researchers will review of laws and regulations related to and analyze decisions of the supreme court number 2099 K/Pdt/2017. The result of this research explained that the importance of notary to know competence to act foreigners as parties in making re-rent agreement the land with see activity and purposes of foreigner is domiciled in Indonesia  to notice law of land and imigration a residence permit. That as a consequence the law of not competence for foreigner as parties in the agreement which is a violation of the validity of the subjective requirements an agreement therefore that the agreement can be undone. And legal relationship between the landowner and  the tenant of the re-rent agreement as a result of the re-rent agreement is do not have a legal relationship.

Abstrak :
Dengan dikeluarkannya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 terhadap penambahan ketentuan dari Pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perkawinan, kini anak luar kawin dapat mempunyai hubungan keperdataan dengan ayah biologisnya apabila dapat dibuktikan dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi atau alat bukti hukum lainnya yang dapat membuktikan bahwa anak tersebut memang memiliki hubungan darah atau biologis dengan laki-laki sebagai ayah kandungnya. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sudah amat maju dan berkembang. Pembuktian anak luar kawin dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi ialah menggunakan metode tes DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid). Dalam hukum Islam, mengenai pembuktian menggunakan tes DNA terhadap penentuan nasab seorang anak terdapat berbagai pendapat berbeda yang dilontarkan oleh ahli hukum Islam. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai pandangan hukum Islam terhadap pembuktian anak luar kawin dalam penentuan nasab dengan menggunakan pembuktian melalui tes DNA serta akibat hukumnya apabila anak tersebut dapat dinasabkan kepada ayah biologisnya. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan suatu metode berbentuk yuridis normatif dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka maupun data sekunder. Hasil analisis adalah, bahwa pembuktian anak luar kawin dengan menggunakan tes DNA dalam hukum Islam diletakan pada “maqasid asy-syariah” yang memiliki arti “segala sesuatu perbuatan tergantung pada tujuannya”, karena maksud dan tujuan dari tes DNA untuk mengetahui pertalian darah seorang anak terhadap ayah kandungnya, maka hal tersebut memberikan suatu manfaat kepada anak itu sendiri, dan apabila tujuan tes DNA tersebut melenceng dari suatu ketentuan atau perintah yang telah ditentukan hukum Islam, maka eksistensinya tentu akan dilarang. ......With the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 on the addition of Article 43 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law, now illegitimate child can have a civil relationship with their biological father if it can be proven by science and technology or other legal evidence that can prove that the child does have a blood or biological relationship with a man as his biological father. As time goes by, science and technology are very advanced and developed. Now proving illegitimate children with science and technology, using the DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) testing method. In Islamic Law, regarding proof using a DNA test to determine nasab of a illegitimate child there are various different opinions expressed by Islamic jurists. The problem raised in this study is the view of Islamic law on proving illegitimate children in determining of nasab using proof through DNA testing and the legal consequences if the child can serve his biological father. To answer these problems, legal research was carried out using a normative juridical method by examining library materials and secondary data. The results of the analysis are, that proving the child outside of marriage using DNA testing in Islamic law is placed in the “maqasid asy-sharia”, which means "all actions depend on their purpose". Because the purpose of DNA testing is to determine the relationship of a child's blood to his biological father, then it provides a benefit to the child himself, and if the purpose of the DNA test deviates from a provision or order stipulated by Islamic law, then its existence will certainly be prohibited.

Abstrak :
Tentang keabsahan seorang anak, Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dalam Pasal 42 dikatakan bahwa anak yang sah adalah anak yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan yang sah. Selanjutnya ketentuan Pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan telah mengatur bahwa anak yang dilahirkan di luar perkawinan hanya mempunyai hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. Akan tetapi berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 yang dikeluarkan pada tanggal 13 Februari 2012 tersebut, hubungan perdata anak dengan ayahnnya dan keluarga ayahnya didasarkan atas adanya hubungan darah secara nyata antara anak dengan ayahnya, sebagaimana hubungan darah dengan ibunya, meskipun antara ayah dan ibunya belum tentu ada ikatan perkawinan. Ketiadaan dan/atau ketidaksempurnaan hubungan nikah antara ayah dengan ibunya tidak menghapuskan adanya hubungan darah dan hubungan perdata antara anak dengan ayah kandungnya sebagaimana hubungan perdata antara anak dengan ibu kandungnya. Permasalahan dalam tesis ini adalah mencari tahu bagaimana kedudukan hukum anak zina menurut peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan bagaimana implikasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam perkara Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 terhadap kedudukan anak zina di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian tesis ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan yang bersifat yuridis-normatif, dengan data utama yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder. Sedangkan kesimpulan berdasarkan permasalahan di atas dapat diketahui bahwa kedudukan hukum anak zina di Indonesia berdasarkan KUHPerdata, anak zina tidak memiliki kedudukan hukum apapun, mengingat anak zina termasuk dalam kategori anak luar kawin yang tidak dapat diakomodir dalam lembaga pengakuan dan pengesahan anak luar kawin, sehingga tidak dapat mewaris. Mengingat bahwa dalam UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 kedudukan anak hanya dibedakan menjadi anak sah dan anak luar kawin dan sehubungan dengan fakta bahwa anak zina tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai anak sah, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak zina termasuk di dalam kategori anak luar kawin dalam UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Akan tetapi setelah Mahkamah Konstitusi mengabulkan uji materiil atas Pasal 43 ayat (1), maka sejak tanggal dikeluarkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tanggal 13 Februari 2012, maka anak zina memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ayahnya. ......About the validity of a child, The Act No.1 of 1974 concerning Marriage in article 42 says that a legitimate child is a child who was born legitimately in or as a result of a legitimate marriage. Then the provisions of article 43 paragraph 1 Act No.1 of 1974 on Marriage has been set up that children whom born outside marriage has only a civil relationship with her mother and her family. However, based on Constitutional Court Desicion No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 is that a civil relationship with the father and the father's family is based on the actual blood relationship between the child and his father, even between father and the mother do not necessarily have the bond of marriage. The absence of imperfections relationship between the father and mother marriage didn't abolish the blood and the civil relationship between the child and the birth mother. The problems in this thesis is to find out how the legal status of natural child according to the legislatin in Indonesia and what is the implications of the Constitutional Court No.46/PUUVIII/ 2010 to the position of natural child in Indonesia. In this thesis studies the author use the research methods literature that is juridical-normative, with the main data used are secindary data. The conclusion is based on the above problems can be seen that the legal status of natural child in Indonesia based on The Book of Civil Law, natural child doesn't have any legal status, given the natural child included in the category of children outside of marriage that can not be accomodated in the institution of recognition and validation of the child outside marriage, so they can not be inherited. Given that The Marriage Law only place can be devided into legitimate children and children outside marriage and children due to the fact that adultery can not be categorized as a legitimate child, it can be concluded that the natural child included in the category of children ourside marriage in The Marriage Law. However, after The Constitutional Court to grant judicial review of Article 43 Paragraph 1, then from the date issued desicion number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 dated February 13 2012, the natural child has a civil relationship with the father.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Pada saat ini, seiring dengan perkembangan zaman yang ada, semakin sering terjadi hubungan antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang terjadi di luar pernikahan, sehingga melahirkan seorang anak yang dikenal juga dengan istilah anak luar kawin. Pengaturan mengenai anak luar kawin ini tersebar ke dalam beberapa peraturan, di antaranya KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Perkawinan, dan juga Undang-Undang Adminstrasi Kependudukan. Masalah yang timbul adalah apabila terhadap anak luar kawin tersebut, demi kesejahteraannya, ingin diakui dan disahkan sebagai anak sah. Dalam beberapa kasus, orang tua dari anak luar kawin tersebut melakukan pernikahan dengan tujuan untuk melakukan pengakuan agar anak luar kawinnya diakui dan disahkan oleh Pengadilan. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengetahui dampak dan akibat hukum yang terjadi setelah adanya pernikahan tersebut. Penelitian ini juga akan membahas mengenai Penetapan No. 37/Pdt.P/2015/PN.BDG sebagai salah satu contoh kasus. Metode penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan kedua orang tua biologis akan mengubah status anak luar kawin menjadi sah demi hukum selama sebelum pernikahan atau dalam akta pernikahan dilakukan pengakuan terhadapnya. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa amar penetapan Hakim dalam Penetapan No. 37/Pdt/P/2015/PN.BDG kurang tepat. Sebaiknya dilakukan peninjauan terhadap Undang-Undang Perkawinan, khususnya terhadap pengaturan mengenai pengakuan dan pengesahan anak, dan hendaknya hakim lebih cermat dan teliti dalam memutus perkara pengenai pengakuan dan pengesahan anak.

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ABSTRACT
During the recent times, there has been more cases in which a man and a woman are having a pre-marital sex. This results into a child born outside of a marriage, as known as illegitimate child. In Indonesia, the regulation regarding illegitimate child is spread into several regulations, including the Civil Code, Marriage Law, and also the Population Administration Law. The problem is that if the illegitimate child, for the sake of his welfare, wants to be recognized and ratified as a legitimate child. In some cases, the parents decide to have a marriage with the aim of acknowledging the child and authorized by the Court. This study tries to find out the legal effects and consequences that occur after the marriage. This study will also analyze the Court Determination No. 37/Pdt.P/2015/PN.BDG as one case example. This research method is normative juridical with a type of analytical descriptive research. The result of the study indicates that the marriage of the two biological parents will change the status of the illegitimate child to be legally valid if a child acknowledgement is done before the marriage or during the marriage. The result of the study also shows that the Judge is not accurate in granting the verdict of the Court Determination No. 37/Pdt.P/2015/PN.BDG. It`s adviseable for the government to conduct a review of the Marriage Law, particularly on the child acknowledgement rules, and the judge should be more careful and conscientious in deciding on the acknowledgment and confirmation of the child.

Abstrak :

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan dan hak waris yang dimiliki oleh anak luar kawin menurut hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam yang tertuang dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia, serta berdasarkan putusan-putusan pengadilan umum dan agama. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder, yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan dan buku. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa anak luar kawin yang terbukti memiliki hubungan darah dengan ayah biologisnya, menurut hukum perdata barat, akan mempunyai hak yang sama seperti anak sah sebagaimana dalam Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Sedangkan menurut hukum Islam, anak luar kawin atau anak hasil zina hanya memiliki nasab dengan ibunya namun berhak untuk dicukupi kebutuhan hidupnya oleh ayah biologisnya dan berhak menerima harta warisan ayah biologisnya melalui wasiat wajibah sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Fatwa MUI No. 11 tahun 2012. Berdasarkan putusan-putusan pengadilan umum dan agama, masih terdapat perbedaan penerapan Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 dan Fatwa MUI No. 11 tahun 2012 dalam pertimbangan Majelis Hakim, sehingga, praktisi hukum disarankan untuk lebih memperhatikan keberadaan kedua ketentuan ini dan pemerintah disarankan untuk membuat peraturan yang lebih rinci terkait penentuan status dan kedudukan serta hak-hak yang dimiliki anak luar kawin.

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This research aims to determine the position and inheritance rights of illegitimate child by western civil and Islamic law as stipulated in the applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia, and based on the decisions of general and religious courts. This research is normative juridical by examining library materials or secondary data, namely legislation and books. From this research, it was concluded that an illegitimate child who was proven to have blood relations with his biological father, according to western civil law, would have the same rights as a legitimate child as in the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Meanwhile, according to Islamic law, an illegitimate child only has a nasab with his mother but has the right to be fulfilled by his biological father and is entitled to receive the inheritance of his biological father through the wajibah testament as specified in MUI Fatwa No. 11 of 2012. Based on the decisions of the general and religion court, there are differences application of Constitutional Court's Decree No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 and MUI Fatwa No. 11 of 2012 in the consideration of the Panel of Judges, therefore, legal practitioners are advised to pay more attention to the existence of these two provisions and the government is advised to create detailed regulation related to determining the status and position as well as the inheritance rights of the illegitimate child.

Abstrak :
Salah satu akibat hukum dari perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan adalah status dan kedudukan hak waris terhadap anak yang lahir dari perkawinan tersebut atau selanjutnya disebut sebagai anak luar kawin. Hak waris akan timbul apabila seseorang telah dinyatakan meninggal dunia. Anak yang lahir dari perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan termasuk ke dalam anak luar kawin dalam arti sempit dan mereka tidak memiliki status dan kedudukan yang sama dalam pembagian warisan. Masalah mengenai pembagian waris antara anak sah dan anak luar kawin ada kalanya terjadi di masyarakat yang tidak bisa diselesaikan dengan kekeluargaan, maka dari itu biasanya berakhir di Pengadilan dimana Putusan dari Pengadilan akan menjadi jalan keluar untuk memutuskan dan memberikan keadilan bagi perkara kewarisan anak luar kawin. Penulis dalam melakukan penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang datanya dikumpulkan dari studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan Penulis, anak luar kawin dapat menjadi ahli waris apabila adanya pengakuan dahulu dari Pewaris, tetapi bagian yang didapatkan tidak sama dengan anak sah dimana besar bagian anak luar kawin bergantung pada dengan siapa anak luar kawin tersebut mewaris bersama. Kemudian, status dan kedudukan anak luar kawin hanya diatur dalam KUHPerdata padahal dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan ada satu pasal yang menyinggung anak luar kawin dan diatur lebih lanjut dalam Peraturan Pemerintah tetapi dalam Peraturan Pemerintah tidak ditemukan mengenai anak luar kawin, sehingga menimbulkan kesimpangsiuran dan permasalahan. Maka dari itu, Penulis menyarankan untuk membentuk suatu peraturan khusus untuk status dan kedudukan anak luar kawin dan juga memberi saran kepada Majelis Hakim yang berperan dalam memutus perkara ini untuk memeriksa dan mengadili secara teliti sengketa status dan kedudukan hak waris anak luar kawin dengan pertimbangan yang seadil-adilnya bagi anak luar kawin tersebut. ......One of the legal consequences of an unregistered marriage is the status and position of inheritance rights for children born from the marriage or hereinafter referred to as children out of wedlock. Inheritance rights will arise if someone has been declared dead. Children born from unregistered marriages are included as children out of wedlock in a narrow sense and they do not have the same status and position in the distribution of inheritance. Problems regarding the distribution of inheritance between legitimate children and illegitimate children sometimes occur in society which cannot be resolved by kinship, therefore it usually ends in court where a decision from the court will be the way out to decide and provide justice for cases of inheritance of illegitimate children. In doing this writing, the author used a juridical-normative research method with a qualitative approach in which the data was collected from literature studies. According to the author, children out of wedlock can become heirs if there is prior recognition from the heir, but the portion obtained is not the same as legitimate children where the size of the child out of wedlock depends on who the out of wedlock child jointly inherits. Then, the status and position of children out of wedlock are only regulated in the Civil Code even though in the Marriage Law there is one article which alludes to children out of wedlock and is further regulated in Government Regulations but in Government Regulations there is no mention of children out of wedlock, giving rise to confusion and problems. Therefore, the author suggests establishing a special regulation for the status and position of illegitimate children and also advises the panel of judges who play a role in deciding this case to examine and adjudicate carefully disputes over the status and position of inheritance rights for illegitimate children with the fairest considerations for children out of wedlock.