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Abstrak :
This paper introduces a holistic view to intelligent transport systems (ITS) by providing four different perspectives: the technological, economic, system performance and market views. These perspectives are essential for a thorough understanding of ITS systems, which extend beyond traditional transportation engineering. ITS require management tools related to systems engineering (i.e. architectures); unique features are related to transport economics, and they differ from traditional transport engineering solutions. ITS technologies can improve transport system performance in numerous ways; furthermore, ITS is an important business segment for many technology companies and an industry by its own right. Different types of expertise and management are required for this meta-system, which is comparable to the entire transport system in terms of organisational objectives.

Abstrak :
The spread of COVID-19 brings holistic and tough impacts to legal institutions. As the Roman proverb goes, necessity knows no law. This public health hazard has quickly developed into a state of emergency and an exception which must be admitted when discussing legal order, due to the disease’s strikingly rapid transmission and high fatality rate. To handle the lingering state of emergency caused by the pandemic in 2020, many states have either set up or altered their legal and procedural supervision mechanisms. This paper firstly examines the theoretical origins, developments, transformations and practices of the legal infrastructures with regard to state of emergency in the US and Taiwan. Based on such background, we further analyze the emergent preventive measures for COVID-19 in the two states, testing if their emergency legal systems are able to curb the pandemic while abiding by their constitutional principles. Our research shows that compared with Taiwan’s disease control model, the US federalism equips the federal and state governments with better legal frameworks to establish emergency safety nets. Despite this, the Trump administration failed to timely invoke the constitution-assigned presidential emergency order, engendering policy swings and incoordination between the federal and state authorities. The lack of coherence in the US leadership eventually led to the failure of the country’s pandemic governance. On the other hand, our comparative study indicates that in both nations’ approaches to inhibit COVID-19, the Presidential emergency power (decree) embedded in the Constitutions is replaced by the emergency legislation. The lawmaking-dependent inclination marked by the integration of laws for managing disasters and threats to public health not only highlights the decline of presidential emergency powers granted by constitutional laws, but also brings profound challenges to judicial review which aims to ensure human rights.

Abstrak :
Permasalahan yang muncul di dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia semakin hari semakin kompleks. Perkembangan teknologi dan kehidupan masyarakat seakan-akan berjalan sebagai sesuatu yang terpisah. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan paradigma baru di dalam pemecahan masalah-masalah yang ada. Berpikir desain (Design thinking) adalah cara berpikir holistik yang mampu menghasilkan gagasan dan ide kreatif bagi pemecahan persoalan yang ada di masyarakat. Design thinking yang dimaksud di sini adalah bukan cara berpikir desain yang khusus seperti di desain produk, desain interior, desain grafis, atau desain engineering. Akan tetapi, berpikir desain di sini adalah desain dengan domain yang lebih luas yang melibatkan pendekatan multidisiplin. Paradigma ini diharapkan dapat membuka peluang pemecahan masalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang holistik dan berbasis kelokalan Indonesia.