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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang upaya diplomasi yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam kerangka General Agreement on Trades in Service di sektor pendidikan tinggi. Berbeda dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang lebih fokus pada implementasi GATS dalam pendidikan tinggi, penelitian ini akan berfokus pada upaya diplomasi Indonesia dalam kerangka GATS terkait liberalisasi jasa pendidikan tinggi. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan proses yang Indonesia lalui dalam usahanya untuk mempertahankan kepentingan nasionalnya dalam sektor pendidikan tinggi di World Trade Organization. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, penulis menemukan bahwa selama putaran perundingan perdagangan dalam kerangka GATS di WTO, Indonesia berusaha cukup keras untuk mempertahankan kepentingannya dalam hal pendidikan tinggi, hal ini dilakukan melalui berbagai strategi, mulai dari koalisi yang dilakukan dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya dalam forum-forum GATS, hingga melalui sistem kualifikasi kualitas dalam negeri. Dalam penelitian ini juga dipaparkan seperti apa posisi Indonesia di tengah tekanan global terkait perdagangan bebas, utamanya di sektor jasa pendidikan tinggi.

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This research aims to explain the diplomacy efforts undertaken by Indonesia on the discussion of the General Agreement on Trade in Services in the higher education sector. Compared to previous studies that are more focused on the implementation of GATS in higher education, this research will be focused on Indonesia's diplomacy strategies in GATS in terms of the liberalization of higher education services. This research will explain the diplomacy process carried out by Indonesia to defend its national interests in the World Trade Organization. The result found that during trade negotiations of GATS at the WTO, Indonesia tried a variety of strategies to defend its national interests in terms of higher education, ranging from coalitions conducted with other developing countries in the ministerial conferences, until making a domestic quality qualification system. This study also explained the position of Indonesia in the midst of global pressure related to free trade, specifically, in terms of liberalizing the higher education service sector.

Abstrak :
Uniting International Aspirations: The Role of Adam Malik as the President UN’s General Assembly 1971-1972 ......This research discusses the role of Adam Malik during his tenure as President of UN General Assembly from 1971-1972. The discussion begins by explaining the factors behind the election of Adam Malik as President of UN General Assembly and his role in resolving the complicated agenda of the session during his tenure. In the years 1971-1972 was a historic year for the Indonesian people in the international world. Adam Malik was elected as the first Indonesian who succeeded in occupying the chair of the 26th UN General Assembly. Adam Malik is the 8th Asian person who succeeded in holding the position as President of UN General Assembly with 119 votes out of a total of 125 votes collected. The author argues that the support from Asian countries has also been a supporting factor in the success of Adam Malik as President of UN General Assembly. The leadership characteristic that Adam Malik applied in chairing the General Assembly was putting forward "Musyawarah" to resolve problems that occurred during his tenure. Different from previous research which discusses Adam Malik in full on his political career, this research focuses on the work of Adam Malik during his tenure at the United Nations. This research uses historical research methods using primary and secondary sources such as archives, newspapers, interview transcripts, books, and journals.