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Abstrak :
This is a book about thermodynamics, not history, but it adopts a semi-historical approach in order to highlight different approaches to entropy. The book does not follow a rigid temporal order of events, nor it is meant to be comprehensive. It includes solved examples for a solid understanding. The division into chapters under the names of key players in the development of the field is not intended to separate these individual contributions entirely, but to highlight their different approaches to entropy. This structure helps to provide a different view-point from other text-books on entropy.

Abstrak :
Perpindahan panas dan massa yang terjadi pada bahan bakar cair, merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting untuk diketahui. Sehingga menjadi suatu hal yang penting untuk memahami elemen dasar dari semprotan yaitu droplet. Berbagai model dari persamaan analogi perpindahan panas dan massa telah dirumuskan guna menunjukkan karakteristik yang terjadi di dalam sistem tersebut. Model analogi yang pada umumnya digunakan untuk memperoleh nilai koefisien perpindahan panas dan massa adalah model analogi Ranz W. E. dan Marshall W. R. Analogi tersebut memiliki persyaratan, diantaranya adalah bilangan Lewis Le bernilai sekitar satu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hasil yang diperoleh dari model analogi persamaan Ranz-Marshall yang diterapkan pada tetesan zat murni yaitu 2-Butanol, n-Heksana, n-Heptana, yang memiliki bilangan Lewis yang lebih besar dari satu, dengan data eksperimen yang didapatkan. Pada penelitian ini, terjadi perubahan pada temperatur yang meningkat seiring perubahan pada diameter yang cenderung menurun. Dan untuk hasil bilangan Nusselts Nu dan bilangan Sherwoods Sh yang diperoleh dari setiap cairan menghasilkan penyimpangan yang cukup besar terhadap analogi Ranz-Marshall. Sehingga Re1/2 dinilai tidak dapat mewakili kecepatan. Dan oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu persamaan baru yang lebih umum yang mampu untuk menghitung perpindahan panas dan massa dari semua zat dengan kecepatan yang berbeda-beda. ...... Heat and mass transfer that occurs in liquid fuels, is a very important thing to know. It becomes an important thing to understand the basic elements of the spray droplet. Various models analogy of heat and mass transfer have been formulated to show the characteristics occurring within the system. The analogy model commonly used to obtain the value of heat transfer coefficient and mass is the analogy model Ranz W. E. and Marshall W. R. The analogy has requirements, such as the Lewis Le number is approximately one. The purpose of this study was to look at the results obtained from the analogy model of the Ranz Marshall equation applied to pure droplets of 2 Butanol, n Hexane, n Heptane, which have Lewis numbers greater than one, with experimental data obtained. In this study, there is a change in temperature that increases with the change in diameter that tends to decrease. And for the Nusselts Nu and Sherwoods Sh numbers obtained from each liquid yield considerable deviations from the Ranz Marshall analogy. So that Re1 2 is considered can not represent speed. Therefore, a new, more general equation that is capable in calculating heat and mass transfer of all substances at different speeds is required.

Abstrak :
This SpringerBrief presents a recent advancement in modeling and measurement of the effect of surface wettability on the defrost process. Carefully controlled laboratory measurements of the defrosting of cooled surfaces are used to reveal the effect of surface wetting properties on the extent and speed of frost removal by melting or slumping. The experiments are accompanied by visualization of frost removal at several defrosting conditions. Analysis breaks the defrost process into three stages according to the behavior of the meltwater. Surface wetting factors are included, and become significant when sufficient meltwater accumulates between the saturated frost layer and the surface. The book is aimed at researchers, practicing engineers and graduate students.

Abstrak :
Thermodynamics is a subject that all engineering students have to face and that most of them treat with great respect. This makes it all the more important to offer a good and easy-to-understand approach to the laws of energy conversion. This is what this textbook is intended to do: It covers the basics of classical technical thermodynamics as they are typically taught at universities: The first and second law of thermodynamics as well as equations of state are explained for idealized and real fluids which are subject to a phase change. Thermodynamic mixtures, e.g. humid air, are treated as well as chemical reactions. Components and thermodynamic cycle that convert energy are presented. The book attaches great importance to drawings and illustrations, which should make it easier to comprehend complex matter. Technical applications and apparatus are presented and explained. Numerous exercises and examples conclude the book and contribute to a better understanding of the theory.

Abstrak :
This authoritative reference presents a comprehensive review of the evolution of plasma science and technology fundamentals over the past five decades. One of this field’s principal challenges has been its multidisciplinary nature requiring coverage of fundamental plasma physics in plasma generation, transport phenomena under high-temperature conditions, involving momentum, heat and mass transfer, and high-temperature reaction kinetics, as well as fundamentals of material science under extreme conditions. The book is structured in five distinct parts, which are presented in a reader-friendly format allowing for detailed coverage of the science base and engineering aspects of the technology including plasma generation, mathematical modeling, diagnostics, and industrial applications of thermal plasma technology. This book is an essential resource for practicing engineers, research scientists, and graduate students working in the field.

Abstrak :
This Handbook provides researchers, faculty, design engineers in industrial R&D, and practicing engineers in the field concise treatments of advanced and more-recently established topics in thermal science and engineering, with an important emphasis on micro- and nanosystems, not covered in earlier references on applied thermal science, heat transfer or relevant aspects of mechanical/chemical engineering. Major sections address new developments in heat transfer, transport phenomena, single- and multiphase flows with energy transfer, thermal-bioengineering, thermal radiation, combined mode heat transfer, coupled heat and mass transfer, and energy systems. Energy transport at the macro-scale and micro/nano-scales is also included. The internationally recognized team of authors adopt a consistent and systematic approach and writing style, including ample cross reference among topics, offering readers a user-friendly knowledgebase greater than the sum of its parts, perfect for frequent consultation. The Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering is ideal for academic and professional readers in the traditional and emerging areas of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, aerospace engineering, bioengineering, electronics fabrication, energy, and manufacturing concerned with the influence thermal phenomena.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan serta teknologi yang kian pesat saat ini menuntut setiap individu untuk terus berkarya. Berbagai institusi juga berlomba-lomba untuk melakukan riset yang dapat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu fenomena yang sering dijumpai dalam menunjang keseharian kita adalah fenomena penguapan. Suatu proses penguapan yang terjadi pada bahan bakar cair, yang saat ini masih menjadi sumber energi utama di dunia. Pengujian tetesan merupakan salah satu langkah yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik yang dimiliki sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja yang efektif dan juga efisien. Salah satu parameter utama dari analogi perpindahan panas dan massa yang dimiliki pada pengujian tetesan adalah nilai dari bilangan Lewis yang dimiliki adalah sama dengan satu. Berbagai model telah dirumuskan guna memperoleh kesesuaian perhitungan perpindahan panas dan massa suatu zat. Berbagai peneliti juga telah melakukan percobaan menggunakan cairan yang berbeda. Permasalahan yang ditemukan adalah cairan yang memiliki nilai Lewis tidak sama dengan satu akan menunjukkan korelasi yang kurang baik. Pada penelitian kali ini, dilakukan analisis lebih mendalam mengenai fenomena yang dapat menyebabkan korelasi kurang baik tersebut. Didapatkan hasil bahwa korelasi yang kurang baik tersebut timbul karena pengaruh dari stagnan film model yang digunakan. Konsentrasi cairan pada stagnan film menuju lingkungan tampak patah dan hal tersebut dirasa tidak natural. ...... The development of science and technology which is rapidly increasing now requires each individual to continue working. Various institutions are also competing to conduct research that can benefit human life. One phenomenon that is often found in supporting our daily life is the phenomenon of evaporation. An evaporation process that occurs in liquid fuels, which is still the main energy source in the world. Drop test is one step that can be used to determine the characteristics possessed so as to improve effective and efficient performance. One of the main parameters of the analogy of heat and mass transfer in the droplet test is that the value of the Lewis number is equal to one. Various models have been formulated in order to obtain a suitable calculation of the heat transfer and mass of a substance. Various researchers have also conducted experiments using different liquids. The problem found is a liquid that has a Lewis value not equal to one will show a bad correlation. In this study, a more in-depth analysis of the phenomena that can cause such unfavorable correlations. The results show that the unfavorable correlation arises because of the influence of the stagnant film model used. The concentration of fluid in the stagnant film into the environment seems broken and this is not natural.

Abstrak :
Perpindahan panas dan massa tetesan bahan bakar cair penting untuk diketahui dalam memprediksi fenomena dalam pembakaran dan pengeringan semprot. Model analogi Ranz-Marshall merupakan salah satu model analogi yang sering digunakan untuk menghitung perpindahan panas dan massa suatu zat. Pada hasil perhitungan perpindahan panas dan massa zat yang memiliki nilai bilangan lewis lebih dari satu masih menunjukkan penyimpangan yang cukup besar antara model modifikasi film stagnan dengan model analogi Ranz-Marshall. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perpindahan panas dan massa pada penguapan tetesan etanol, metanol, dan 2-propanol, serta melihat kesesuaian model analogi Ranz-Marshall dengan meninjau nilai Re1/2Pr1/3 terhadap nilai bilangan Nusselt pada perhitungan perpindahan panas dan meninjau nilai Re1/2Sc1/3 terhadap nilai bilangan Sherwood pada perhitungan perpindahan massa. Penelitian ini menggunakan sebuah sistem pengujian yang mengalirkan udara panas ke sekitar tetesan yang menggantung di termokopel dengan variasi kecepatan dan temperatur pada udara yang mengalir disekitar tetesan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai bilangan Lewis senyawa yang diujikan lebih dari satu dan terdapat penyimpangan yang cukup besar antara hasil pengujian dengan hasil simulasi model analogi Ranz-Marshall untuk setiap senyawa yang diuji, dimana nilai Re1/2 kurang sesuai untuk perhitungan dengan nilai kecepatan udara berbeda-beda serta diperlukan persamaan baru sesuai untuk hal tersebut. ...... Heat and mass transfer of liquid fuel droplets is important in predicting phenomena in spray combustion and drying. Ranz Marshall analogy model is one of the most common analogy models used to calculate heat and mass transfer of a substance. In the calculation of heat and mass transfer of substances with Lewis number more than one still shows considerable deviations between stagnant film modification model and Ranz Marshall analogy model. This study aims to analyze heat and mass transfer in evaporation of ethanol, methanol and 2 propanol droplets, and to see the conformity of Ranz Marshall analogy model by reviewing Re1 2Pr1 3 value to Nusselt number on heat transfer calculation and reviewing Re1 2Sc1 3 value to Sherwood number on mass transfer calculation. This study uses a test system that drains hot air around droplets that hung in the thermocouple with variations in speed and temperature of the air flowing around droplets. The results showed that Lewis number of the compound tested was more than one and there was considerable deviation between the test results and the simulation results of the Ranz Marshall analogy model for each tested compound, where Re1 2 value was less suitable for calculation with different air velocity values and new equations are needed accordingly.