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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Halitosis atau bau mulut adalah masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang banyak dikeluhkan dan dapat menjadi persoalan kesehatan yang serius. Penyebab halitosis terutama dan terbanyak adalah bakteri yang hidup dalam rongga mulut terutama bakteri anaerob gram negatif yang menghasilkan sulfur. Keseluruhan senyawa sulfur yang dihasilkan disebut Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC) dan inilah yang menyebabkan bau pada mulut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas oral hygiene menggunakan chlorhexidine dan normal saline terhadap skor halitosis. Metode dalam peneltian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan subjek penelitian pasien dengan penyakit kritis sebanyak 28 orang yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok, 14 responden dilakukan oral hygiene dengan menyikat gigi dan lidah dengan chlorhexidine glukonate 0,1% dan 14 responden dilakukan oral hygiene dengan menyikat gigi dan lidah dengan normal saline. Pengukuran skor halitosis dilakukan sebelum dan 15 menit sesudah oral hygiene. Gas VSC diukur menggunakan alat Tanita BreathChecker . Hasil menunjukkan terjadi penurunan skor halitosis sebelum dan sesudah oral hygiene dengan memperlihatkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Jumlah responden dengan nilai 0 pada skor halitosis sebanyak 10 responden (72%) pada kelompok pertama dan pada kelompok kedua sebanyak 4 responden (29%). Kesimpulan penggunaan chlorhexidine glukonate 0,1% lebih efektif terhadap penurunan skor halitosis dibandingkan menggunakan normal saline.

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ABSTRACT
Halitosis or bad breath is a dental health problem that mainly complaint and can be a serious health problem. The cause of halitosis mainly and mostly bacterias which live in the oral cavity, especially anaerob negatif gram bacteria that produce sulfur. The whole sulfur component that was produced called Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC) and this is the cause of bad breath. The purpose of this study was to know the comparison of effectiveness oral hygiene using chlorhexidine and normal saline on halitosis score. This study used Quasy experiment with subjects consisted of 28 patients with critically ill, divided into two groups, 14 subjects conducted oral hygiene to brush their teeth and tongue with chlorhexidine glukonate 0,1% and 14 subjects conducted oral hygiene to brush their teeth and tongue with normal saline. The measurement of Volatile Sulfur Compounds level used Tanita BreathChecker, conducted before and 15 minutes after oral hygiene. The result showed significant differences in reducing VSC components in both groups (p<0,05). Number of subjects with score halitosis 0 by 10 subjects (72%) in first group and 4 subjects (29%) in second group. In conclusion, chlorhexidine glukonate 0,1% is more effective decreased score halitosis than normal saline on patients with critically ill.

Abstrak :
Stelechocarpus Burahol buah asli nusantara penghilang bau mulut dan bau badan diketahui turun temurun di gunakan masyarakat ,sumber bahan alami pembuatan larutan kumur penghilang bau mulut. Tujuan : Mengetahui daya hambat bakteri ekstrak buah kepel, serta efikasi larutan kumur ekstrak buah kepel dibanding larutan komersial dalam mengontrol halitosis fisiologis. Metode : Cross-over 30 subyek penelitian, single blind,dua kelompok. Pengujian organoleptik test serta pengukuran VSCs dengan Oralchroma?. Hasil: uji daya anti bakteri Phyromonas ginggivalis ATCC 33277, Metode dilusi, kepel KBM 75%, KHM (-), larutan komersial KBM 25%, KHM 25%. Metode difusi,kepel;daya hambat konsentrasi 50%:8mm, 75%:8mm, 100%:10mm, larutan komersial;25%:10mm, 50%:11mm, 75%:14mm, 100%:14mm,signifikan larutan komersial ,P-value 0.034,alpha 5%. Analisa crossover;H2S kepel 0.05, komersial 0.25,P-value 0.0349 ,alpha 1%,nilai R-square sebesar 69.1%. Nilai CH3SH kepel 0,24,komersial 0.17 P-value 0.324,alpha 1%. Nilai (CH3)2S kepel 0.246, komersial 0.238, P-value 0.338 alpha 1%. P-value nilai tengah H2S , CH3SH, dan (CH3)2S, diatas alpha 1%. Kesimpulan : Kemampuan daya hambat bakteri larutan kumur komersial lebih baik secara bermakna, namun kemampuan larutan kepel dan komersial dalam menghambat H2S , CH3SH dan (CH3)2S tidak beda bermakna.

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Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) an nusantara's fruit of origin, well known as oral and body anti mallodour for a long time ago specialy in javanish heritage, its become natural promising source for develope natural mouthwash in controling fisiologic halitosis. This research aimed in testing efficacy betwen kepel and commercial mouthwash containing green tea extract as oral anti mallodour in fisiologic halitosis. Method: A randomized, single blind, two-group ,Cross-over design with 30 subject. Using organoleptic test and Oralchroma ?. Result : anti bacterial test against Phyromonas ginggivalis ATCC 33277, diluted methode ; kepel KBM 75%, KHM (-), comercial mouthwash KBM 25%, KHM 25%. Difused methode kepel mouthwash positive in concentration 50%:8mm, 75%:8mm, 100%:10mm, comercial moutwash 25%:10mm, 50%:11mm, 75%:14mm, 100%:14mm, better result in commercial mouthwash ,P-value 0.034 alpha 5%. Crossover analytic H2S kepel 0.05, commercial 0.25,P-value 0.0349 alpha 1%, R-square 69.1%. Result for CH3SH kepel 0,24,commercial 0.17 Pvalue 0.324 alpha 1%. Result (CH3)2 kepel 0.246, commercial 0.238, P-value 0.338 alpha 1%. P-value for H2S , CH3SH and (CH3)2S above alpha 1% . Conclusion : Anti bacterial ability of commercial mouthwash better than kepel's, thougt both kepel and commercial mouthwash had almost same resulted in reducting levels H2S , CH3SH and (CH3)2S.

Abstrak :
Halitosis is a general term denoting unpleasant breath arising from mouth, where odorous breath components could be originated from intraoral and/or extraoral. Classification includes genuine halitosis, pseudo-halitosis and halitophobia. Local and systemic factor play role in the process of halitosis. Diagnosis of halitosis can be made by analysing the degree and type of the presence of volatile compounds, as well as the identification of microbial components. Currently available treatments of halitosis includes local (mechanic and chemical) and systemic (probiotic) approaches. Probiotic is a new therapeutic approach for halitosis. Development of available probiotic-based halitosis treatments is significantly progressing and is overviewed herein.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Latar belakang budaya merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pendidikan seseorang, termasuk pendidikan kesehatan gigi. Siwak (Salvadora persica) dikenal sebagai alat pembersih mulut yang berasal dari Arab kuno dan memiliki nilai budaya agama Islam. Selain itu, menurut beberapa penelitian, siwak memiliki kandungan antibakteri yang berfungsi untuk membunuh bakteri yang menyebabkan bau mulut (halitosis). Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk menganalisis perubahan parameter halitosis yaitu kadar Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) dan tongue coating setelah penggunaan siwak pada santri usia 11-13 tahun di pesantren Tapak Sunan Jakarta. Material dan Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental research dengan subjek penelitian santri usia 11-13 tahun sebanyak 25 orang. Pengukuran parameter halitosis dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemakaian siwak selama 10 hari melalui pendidikan kesehatan gigi. Gas VSC diukur menggunakan alat “Oralchroma” dan skor organoleptik. Pengukuran BOP dilakukan dengan probing pada sulkus gingiva di 6 permukaan pada semua gigi. Pengukuran tongue coating dilakukan dengan menilai area lapisan putih pada permukaan lidah lalu diklasifikasikan. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara statistik dengan uji Paired T Test ( p< 0,05 sebagai level signifikan). Hasil: Terjadi penurunan kadar rata-rata VSC total sebanyak 75% setelah pemakaian siwak. Jumlah subjek yang memiliki skor 1 organoleptik meningkat menjadi 36% yang disertai dengan penurunan jumlah subjek dengan skor 4. Terjadi penurunan nilai rata-rata BOP dan skor tongue coating berurutan sebanyak 57,7% dan 26% setelah penggunaan siwak. Analisis statistik terhadap seluruh parameter halitosis sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan siwak dengan paired-t-test memperlihatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan parameter halitosis sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan siwak pada santri usia 11-13 tahun di pesantren Tapak Sunan Jakarta.

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The Halitosis Parameter Change After Using Siwak (Salvadora Persica) At 11-13 Year Old Students in Tapak Sunan Boarding School. Introduction: Cultural background is one of important factors that influences education, including dental health education. Siwak (Salvadora persica), an oral cleansing tool which came from ancient Arab has Islamic cultural values. Many researches concluded that siwak contains antibacterial agent which has function to kill bacteria causing oral malodor (halitosis). Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze halitosis parameters change which consisted of Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and tongue coating after using siwak at 11-13 year old students in Tapak Sunan Boarding School. Materials and methods: This study used experimental research method and 25 students in the age group of 11-13 year old became subjects of this study. Halitosis parameters measurements were taken before and after using 10 days siwak usage and through dental health education. OralChroma and organoleptic score were used to measure the VSC. Probing on six sites of gingival sulculs of each tooth was used to measured BOP. Classification of tounge coating was performed by observing the presence of white coating on the tongue surface. Statistical analysis was performed using Paired-t Test with p<0.05 as the level of significance. Results: Approximately 75% reduction of total VSC concentration was observed after siwak usage. Number of subjects with score 1 in organoleptic assessment for halitosis was also increased by 36%. Followed by reduction of BOP and tongue coating score by 57.7% and 26% respectively. Statistical analysis of those parameters showed significant differences before and after siwak usage. Conclusion: Siwak usage sucessfully decreased all halitosis parameters of the 11-13 years old students in Tapak Sunan Boarding School.