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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Penyembuhan luka kaki diabetik (LKD) memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga risiko infeksi, amputasi, dan kematian menjadi lebih tinggi. Salah satu parameter untuk menilai penyembuhan luka adalah pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi. Kadar Vitamin D diketahui terkait dengan risiko terjadinya LKD, infeksi, dan penyembuhan luka. Namun sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi LKD. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar vitamin D serum awal perawatan dengan kecnepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi luka kaki diabetik pada perawatan hari ke-21. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tersimpan berupa serum dan dokumentasi foto LKD dari penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis kadar 25(OH)D pada sampel serum darah awal perawatan menggunakan metode Elisa. Sedangkan analisis kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi dinilai berdasarkan hasil foto LKD pasien pada visit ke-4 dengan menggunakan program ImageJ. Hasil. Dari 52 sampel yang dianalisis, kadar 25(OH)D pada awal perawatan menunjukan nilai median = 8.8 ng/mL. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tidak didapatkan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi (p=0.815). Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar vitamin D serum awal perawatan dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi luka kaki diabetik pada perawatan hari ke-21. ......Background. Wound in diabetic foot ulcer need a long time to heal which increase risk of infection, amputataion and mortality. One of the criteria in wound healing is growth of granulation tissue. Vitamin D level is known to be related to increase incidence of diabetic foot ulcer, infection, and wound healing. But until now, the effect of vitamin D to the growth of granulation tissue is not clear. Objective. To know the Association between initial serum vitamin D level with granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer after 21 days of treatment. Methods. This research uses stored sample in form of serum and footage documentation. It is the initial blood sample from 52 patients with DFU before starting treatment. Vitamin D is calculated with 25 (OH) D level by using ELISA. Analysis of growth in granulation tissue is counted by comparing the footage documentation at initial treatment to the 21st day of treatment with the help of ImageJ software. Result. From 52 analysed sample, vitamin D level at initial presentation showed a median value of 8.8 ng/mL. The result of the analysis showed that there was no statistically significant association between vitamin D level with the granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer (p=0,815). Conclusion. There is no significant association between initial serum vitamin D level with granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer after 21 days of treatment.

Abstrak :
Aloe vera dan madu dianggap dapat mempercepat reepltelisasl Iuka sekalipun masih terdapat beberapa perbedaan pendapat. Penelltian ini hendak membandingkan khasiat aloe vera. madu, dan larutan garam lisiologis yang diberikan secara topikal dalam proses reepitelisasi dan pembentukan jarlngan granulasl pada proses penyembuhan Iuka eksisi kulit telinga kelinci. Sebanyak enam ekor kelinci putih jantan dipakal sebagai sampel. Pada telinga kelinci dibuat Iuka eksisi sedalam tebal kulit berbentuk bundar dengan diameter 6 mm. Pada tiap telinga dibuat empat buah luka pada permukaan dalam telinga. Luka kemudian mendapat perlakuan pemberian aplikasi topikal larutan NaCl 0.9%, madu, dan aloe vera, serta kontrol yang ticlak diobati. Tujuh hari kemudlan dilakukan biopsi pada sediaan Iuka. Jaringan dlproses menjadi sediaan hlstologlk dan dipulas dengan pulasan rutin hematoksilin eosin untuk penilalan secara kuantitatif terhadap proses reepltellsasl dan pembentukan jaringan granulasi. Reepitelisasi dinllai dengan cara mengukur jarak Celah epitel. Pembentukan jaringan granulasi dinilai dengan cara mengukur tinggl jaringan granulasi, jarak celah granulasi, total jarak lateral-medial (lebar) jaringan granulasl, Serta perhitungan besar volume jaringan granulasi. Ditemukan percepatan reepithelisasi yang bennakna secara statlstik (p<0,05) pada olesan dengan aloe vera (p=0,003) dan madu (p=0,004). Pada pembentukan jaringan granulasi kecuali tinggi jaringan granulasi yang tidak oerbeda bermakna (p=0,054) semuanya menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda bermakna secara statlstik. Percepatan pembentukan jaringan granulasi yang ditemukan pada olesan aloe vera dan madu berupa proses pembentukan jaringan granulasi dengan arah lateral-medial menuju pusat Iuka. Dislmpulkan bahwa proses reepitelisasi dan pembentukan jaringan granulasi Iuka eksisi full-thickness pada telinga kellnci secara signitlkan meningkat oleh pemberian aloe vera dan madu secara topikal, juga pemberian aloe vera sama efektifnya dengan madu dalam proses reepitelissl dan pembentukan jarlngan granulasi.

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Aloe vera and honey were thougwh to accelerate wound reepithelialization although there were still varying reports on this matter. This study aims to compare the of topicaI application of honey, aloe vera, and normal saline solution on the process of reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation on skin wound healing. Six white rabbits were used for evaluation. Four full-thickness excisional wound were made on the interior surface of each ear with a 6-mm tissue punch. Wounds on each ear were applied with aloe vera, honey, normal saline, and no treatment as wound control. On day 7 after wounding, wound tissue was processed for histological examination. Histological cross sections. stained with hematoxylin-eosin, were used for quantitative evaluation of reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Reepithelialization were evaluated by measuring the distance of epithelial gap. Granulation tissue formation were followed-up by measuring the height of granulation tissue. the distance of granulation tissue gap. total lateral-medial distance of granulation tissue, and by calculating the value of granulation tissue volume. The values of the acceleration rate of the reepithelialization were found to be statistically significant {p<0.05) in the aloe vera (p=0.003) and in the honey (p=0.004) given in the topical manner. Except for the height of the granulation tissue (p=0.054), all other values of that tissue showed the results which were significantly different. The acceleration in the formation of the granulation tissue found in the tissue treated with the aloe vera and the honey generated in the medio-lateral direction toward to the central of the wound. We concluded that the reepithelialization processes and the formation of the granulation tissue in the full-thickness wound performed on the rabbit ear were significantly increased by the topical treatment with aloe vera and honey. The treatment with aloe vera on those processes gave the results with the same effectiveness with that of honey.

Abstrak :
Pelah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemakaian "Croscar. Mellose Sodium Type A" seaga3. disintegrant dengan berbagal konsentrasi dalam formula tablet Kalsiiim laktat yang penambahannya dilakukan sect ra internal, eksternal dan kombinasi internal dan eksternal die - integrant. Pada penelitian mi, penambahan bahan penghancur Ac-Di-Sol dengan cara konibinasi internal & eketerrial, ternyata pada konsentrasi 1% internal dan 1% eksternal eudah aemberikan basil yang terbaik d ngazi waktu hancur rata-rata 8 menit 35 detik, kecepatan melarut K120 detik rata-rata 27%, kekerasan tablet rata-rata 5,46 kg dan k regasan 0,40%. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik t - test dengan satu paranie - ter (p = 0,05) formula tablet dengan perbedaan konsentrasiO-DiSOl dan 1% sampai dengan 5% dengan cam penambaban bahan penghancur Be cam internal, eksternal, dan koabiriasi internal dan eksternal tennyata menunjukkan perbedaan yang significant jika ditinjau dan aspek waktu hancurnya, dan keôepatan melarut aediaan formula tablet tersebut pada kenaikkan konsentrasi Ac_DiS01 1 % & ' 5 % Baeil uji etatietik tentang cam penambahan bahan penghancur ternyata pada penambahan bahan penghancur secara internal, eketer - nal dan kombinas.i internal dan ekaternal pada konsentrasi Ac-Di-Sol yang sama range 1% sampai dengan 5% menunjukkan perbedaan yang significarit. ......The application of "Croscar Nellose Sodium Type A" (Ac-Di-Sol) as disintegrant in the tablet formula Calcium lactate with various concentration which added internally, externally and internal and external disintegrant combination have been studied. In this study the addition of disintegrant Ac-Di-Sol material with internal and external combination methods, in 1% concentration it will enough to give the bestresult with average .disintegration time 8 minutes 35 seconds, average of dissolution rate it K120 seconds 27%, average of tablet hardness 5,46 kg , average of Friability 0,40%. Alter being test statically (t - test) itb one parameter (p 0,05) tablet formula with differ Ac-Di-Sol concentration in the range of 1% to 5% with addition of disintegration material internally, externally and combination of internal and external aethode, has shown the significant differences with the aspect of time disintegration and dissolution rate of the tablet contained_, •Ac-D5-Sol 1 % sampai dengan 5 %. The result of statistical test of the additièn of dis - integration material resulted with the above methods Ac-Di-Sol concentration within the same range of 1% to 5% in significant difference.

Abstrak :
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) is a waste material generated from iron production, and is one of the cementitious materials that can be used to replace part of the cement in concrete. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of the water-binder ratios and levels of ggbs in concrete, with regard to the activation energy, which is needed for predicting the concrete’s strength. A number of mixtures with different water-binder ratios (ranging from 0.30 to 0.51), ggbs levels, and curing temperatures were cast and tested at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days. The activation energies were determined using the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard C1074, and the Freiesleben Hansen and Pedersen (FHP) method. The results of the experiment showed that the apparent activation energy was relatively independent of the water-binder ratio, and mainly affected by the ggbs level in the concrete. Higher ggbs levels in the concrete resulted in the higher apparent activation energies.

Abstrak :
Prototype magnetic separator untuk penanganan undersize product (100-400 mesh) hasil granulasi Pierce Smith Converter di PT. Vale Indonesia diinisiasi pembuatannya untuk penanganan undersize product PT. Vale Indonesia yang selama ini dialirkan ke kolam penampungan sementara (matte pond) yang dikeruk tiga sampai empat kali setahun yang memakan biaya besar. Pengeluaran ini dapat diminimalisir dengan pengadaan alat berupa magnetic separator yang digunakan untuk menarik undersize product nikel matte. Pembuatan prototype ini menggunakan skala 1:20.000 untuk volume air dan nikel matte, sementara untuk talang dan magnetic drum dengan skala 1:4 dari kondisi di lapangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari tahu apakah magnetic separator relevan untuk nantinya dipasang di industri pengolahan nikel, dengan menggunakan kemiringan talang dan kekuatan magnet sebagai parameter utama penelitian. Dengan demikian matte pond dapat diminimalisir penggunaannya dan undersize product dapat langsung diproses untuk didistribusikan ke konsumen. Material yang digunakan dalam pembuatan prototype ini adalah lembaran aluminium 1/16 in yang di-rolling untuk magnetic drum, lembaran aluminium 1/8 in untuk talang, kawat tembaga diameter 0,5 mm, dan mild steel yang dibubut untuk rod serta poros dan di-bending untuk dudukan magnet. %Recovery dengan prototype ini adalah 24,48%. ...... Prototype magnetic separator for handling granulation undersized product (100-400 mesh) Pierce Smith Converter PT. Vale Indonesia initiated manufacture for handling undersized product of PT. Vale Indonesia, which has been channeled to a temporary shelter called matte pond which is reclaim three to four times a year and its costly. This expenditure can be minimized by the manufacture of magnetic separators that used to attract undersized nickel products. The manufacture of this prototype uses a scale of 1:20.000 for the volume of water and nickel matte, while for chute and magnetic drums with a scale of 1:4 from the conditions in the field. The purpose of this research is to find out whether magnetic separators are relevant for installation in the nickel processing industry, with slope of the chute and magnetic power as the main parameters. Thus the matte pond can be minimized and undersized products can be directly processed to distributed to consumers. The material used in the manufacture of this prototype is aluminum sheet 1/16 in which is rolled for magnetic drums, aluminum sheet 1/8 in for chute, copper wire 0,5 mm and mild steel, lathe for rods and axis, and bending for magnetic holders. %Recovery with this prototype is 24,48% nickel that can be attracted.