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Abstrak :
Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik atau HAP merupakan salah satu golongan pencemar yang terdapat pada pengolahan minyak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri Gram positif yang mampu mendegradasi naftalena. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di pantai Samudera Baru, Karawang. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan dengan metode pengayaan menggunakan medium Bushnell-Haas yang ditambah minyak diesel 1%. Dua isolat diperoleh yaitu SB 1.2.1 (Gram positif) dan SB 1.2.2 (Gram negatif). Isolat SB 1.2.1 dikarakterisasi secara biokimia. Isolat SB 1.2.1 tidak memiliki kompleks sitokrom C oksidase, menghasilkan enzim katalase, memetabolisme glukosa dengan cara selain oksidasi-fermentasi, serta tidak dapat memfermentasi glukosa. Isolat SB 1.2.1 ditumbuhkan dalam medium Bushnell-Haas dengan tambahan naftalena 0,02% dan yeast extract 0,5% dengan penurunan jumlah sel (dari 3,42 x 107 CFU/mL menjadi 1,97 x 107 CFU/mL pada batch pertama dan dari 7,05 x 107 CFU/mL menjadi 6,84 x 107 CFU/mL pada batch kedua) setelah 48 jam. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi naftalena menggunakan HPLC menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan konsentrasi naftalena sebanyak 29,13% setelah 48 jam inkubasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol tanpa ditemukan senyawa lain saat HPLC. ......Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons or PAHs are a class of pollutants found in petroleum processing. This study aims to isolate and characterize Gram-positive bacteria capable of degrading naphthalene. Sampling was carried out on the coast of Samudera Baru, Karawang. Isolation of bacteria was done by enrichment of Bushnell-Haas medium with the addition of 1% diesel oil. Two isolates were obtained, namely SB 1.2.1 (Gram positive) and SB 1.2.2 (Gram negative). The SB 1.2.1 isolate was further characterized biochemically. The SB 1.2.1 isolate does not have a cytochrome C oxidase complex, produces catalase enzymes, metabolizes glucose in a way other than oxidation-fermentation, and cannot ferment glucose. The SB 1.2.1 isolate was then grown in Bushnell-Haas medium with the addition of 0.02% naphthalene and 0.5% yeast extract for 48 hours. There was a decrease in the total number of cells (from 3.42 x 107 CFU/mL to 1.97 x 107 CFU/mL on the first batch and form 7.05 x 107 CFU/mL to 6.84 x 107 CFU/mL on the second batch) after 48 hours. Analysis of naphthalene concentration using HPLC showed that there was a decrease in naphthalene concentrations of 29.13% after 48 hours of incubation compared to controls without other compounds found during HPLC.

Abstrak :
Isolat bakteri SB 1.2.1 merupakan bakteri Gram positif yang diisolasi dari sampel pasir di Pantai Samudera Baru, Karawang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan biodegradasi naftalena oleh isolat SB 1.2.1 yang ditumbuhkan dalam medium Bushnell-Haas dengan penambahan naftalena 0,02% (b/v) dan glukosa 0,5% (b/v). Pertumbuhan isolat SB 1.2.1 diukur menggunakan metode total plate count (TPC) dan spektrofotometer panjang gelombang 600nm. Pengurangan konsentrasi senyawa naftalena diukur menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dengan panjang gelombang 254 nm, 276 nm, 278 nm, 304 nm, dan 339 nm. Hasil pengukuran pertumbuhan menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah sel (6,78 x 106 menjadi 1,18 x 107 CFU/mL pada batch pertama dan 1,09 x 107 menjadi 1,28 x 107 CFU/mL pada batch kedua) pada inkubasi 24 jam dan pengurangan jumlah sel menjadi (3,92 x 106 CFU/mL pada batch pertama dan 3,21 x 106 CFU/mL pada batch kedua) pada inkubasi 48 jam. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi senyawa naftalena setelah inkubasi 48 jam menunjukkan ada pengurangan konsentrasi naftalena sebesar 14,26%. ......Bacterial isolate SB 1.2.1 is a Gram-positive bacteria isolated from Samudera Baru beach in Karawang. This study aims to determine the capability of bacterial isolate SB 1.2.1 to degrade naphthalene. The isolate was grown in Bushnell-Haas medium with addition of 0.02% (w/v) napthalene and 0.5% glucose (w/v). Bacterial growth was measured using TPC (Total Plate Count) method and absorbance measurement used spectrophotometer at 600 nm. The decrease of napthalene concentration was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at 254 nm, 276 nm, 278 nm, 304 nm, and 339 nm wavelengths. Bacterial isolate SB 1.2.1 showed an increase in cell numbers after 24 hours of incubation (from 6.78 x 106 into 1.18 x 107 CFU/mL on the 1st batch dan 1.09 x 107 into 1.28 x 107 CFU/mL on the 2nd batch) and decrease in the number of isolate (into 3.92 x 106  CFU/mL on the 1st batch dan 3.21 x 106 CFU/mL on the 2nd batch) after 48 hours of incubation. There was a 14.26% decrease in naphthalene concentration after 48 hour.

Abstrak :
Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan reaksi inflamasi dari urotelium karena masuknya mikroorganisme ke dalam saluran kemih. ISK dapat menyerang segala usia mulai tanpa gejala hingga gejala yang cukup berat. Penanggulangannya cukup dengan pemberian antibiotika, walaupun seringkali memberikan hasil resistensi terutama terhadap bakteri Gram negatif. Dilakukan isolasi bakteri sampel urin pasien dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Sampel urin berjumlah 50, dari 50 sampel tersebut berhasil diisolasi 23 isolat bakteri. Teridentifikasi 2 jenis spesies bakteri, yaitu bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Hasil monitoring kepekaan bakteri dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap Ofloksazin memperlihatkan bahwa efektivitasnya terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan bakteri Gram negatif sangat rendah. Sebagian besar isolat bakteri Gram positif dan bakteri Gram negatif resisten terhadap antibiotik ini. Amoksisilin menunjukkan efikasi yang mulai menurun terhadap hampir semua isolat bakteri. Fosfomisin dan Sefepim masih efektif terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan bakteri Gram negatif. Berdasarkan data-data hasil penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa bakteri hasil isolasi menunjukkan pola kepekaan dan resistensi yang berbeda terhadap berbagai antibiotika.

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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) was an inflammatory response of the urethra when attacked by microorganisms. This disease can happen to people at all ages beginning with asymptomatic to moderately symptomatic infections. Thus far, antibiotic treatment was the best for curing the UTI although the chances for being resistance to the antibiotics were also high. Resistance to gram negative bacteri,a in particular, often occur with the antibiotics treatment. Our study at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia (UI), Bacterial isolation from patient urine sample was performed in the microbiology laboratory of UI. A total of 50 urine samples were collected from X patients volunteered in our study for bacterial isolation, however, only 23 bacterial isolates were successfully obtained. Study was carried out to monitor the susceptibility of bacterial isolate towards several types of antibiotics (ofloksazim, amoxyicillin, fosfomisin and sefepim) using Cakram disffusion method. Study results demonstrated that susceptibility of oflokazim to both gram positive and negative bacteria was very low while amoxycillin showed desecding trend of efficacy towards all types of bacteria. Fosfomisin and sefepim, on the other hand, demonstrated strong susceptibility to both gram positive and negative bacteria found in the isolates. Furthermore, it is very interesting to observe ofloksazim was resistant to gram postivie and negative bacteria. Collectively, these research findings strongly illustrated the susceptibility patten and resistance scale of baterial isolates towards various antibiotic tested in the study.

Abstrak :
Siprofloksasin adalah antibiotika kuinolon generasi ketiga yang dianggap sangat poten membunuh bakteri Gramnegatif dan Gram-positif. Penelitian multisenter telah dilakukan untuk pertama kalinya di Indonesia dengan tujuan melihat potensi Siprofloksasin, yaitu di 12 laboratorium mikrobiologi klinik se-Indonesia: Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Solo, Surabaya, Malang, Denpasar dan Manado. Spesimen dari penderita penyakit infeksi yang sudah terseleksi kualitasnya diambil sebagai bahan penelitian. Spesimen tersebut berasal dari darah, cairan tubuh lain, bilasan bronkhus, sputum, usap tenggorok, usap hidung, usap telinga, cairan mata, usap urethra, usap vagina, pus, cairan luka, urin dan feses. Dengan metode cakram antibiotika Siprofloksasin, diperoleh hasil 72-98 % bakteri masih sensitif, sedangkan hanya 61 % dari 22 spesies Acinetobacteri spp. dan 40 % dari 19 spesies Neisseria gonorrhoeae yang masih sensitif. Dengan metode dilusi agar, uji KHM (Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal) menunjukkan 69 ? 98 % bakteri sensitif terhadap Siprofloksasin dan dengan metode E-test antara 78 ? 100 % sensitif. Untuk kuman Acinetobacteri spp. sensitivitasnya berkisar antara 61 ? 70 %, dan untuk Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivitasnya antara 89 ? 92 %.

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Invitro activity of . Ciprofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria isolated from infected patients in Indonesia. Ciprofloxacin the third generation of the quinolone family was claimed very potent against Gram-negative and Grampositive pathogens compared to former generations. The first in-vitro multi centre study has been conducted in Indonesia including 12 clinical microbiology laboratories as follows: Banda Aceh, Padang, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Solo, Surabaya, Malang, Denpasar and Manado. Selected specimens from infected persons were chosen to be included in this study such as from blood, body fluids, bronchial washing, sputum, throat, nose, ear, eye, urethra, vagina, pus, wound, urine and feces. The results of ciprofloxacin disk test technique to all 1457 Gramnegative pathogens showed that between 72 ?98 % were susceptible, while against 22 Acinetobacter sp, only 61 % and againt 19 Neiserria gonorrhoeae only 40 % were susceptible. Results of the agar dilution MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentrtion) test were between 69 ?98 % susceptible and the E test technique were between 78 ? 100 % susceptible, while against the Acinetobacter were between 61 % and 70 % respectively. N. gonorrhoeae strains was susceptible between 89 % and 92 %.