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Abstrak :
This study compares two major types of contracts in public procurement, i.e. unit price and lump sum contracts, in terms of the gap between the winner's bid price and owner’s estimated price (OEP) in resulted price gap during the tender process, taking the case of government procurement in Indonesia. Using Indonesian e-tendering data of 2018-2021, this study employs an Ordinary Least Square regression to assess whether there is a difference in the price gap between the two types of contracts. This study finds that the average price gap in unit price contract is significantly higher than that of lump sum contracts. With the help of the transaction cost economics approach, this study discussed that the higher average price gap in unit price contracts is related to a lower information cost and lower risk of having a change order for the contract faced by the bidders. While in a lump sum contract, the winner's bid price is closer to OEP because bidders are faced with design risks that require higher information costs and contract adaptation during the execution phase. The study also found that the use of a unit price contract is significantly related to a longer tendering time due to a longer period in evaluating the bid.

Abstrak :
Dengan tingkat belanja yang sama di bidang pendidikan atau kesehatan, beberapa daerah memiliki pencapaian IPM yang baik sementara daerah lainnya mengalami ketertinggalan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi pencapaian IPM. Human Development Report 2016 secara khusus menekankan bahwa Indonesia harus memberikan perhatian serius terhadap mekanisme akuntabilitas lokal. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimanakah peran akuntabilitas pemerintah daerah terhadap pembangunan manusia di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan Hausman Taylor estimator, penelitian ini menguji peran akuntabilitas dan pengeluaran publik menggunakan data panel tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia selama periode 2012-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja publik secara tersendiri tidak berkorelasi signifikan terhadap IPM. Namun, ketika tata kelola dilibatkan, belanja kesehatan publik efektif dalam meningkatkan IPM di daerah yang akuntabilitasnya baik, dan sebaliknya tidak efektif di daerah dengan akuntabilitas yang rendah.

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With the same level of spending in the field of education or health, some regions have good HDI achievements while some other regions are lagging behind. This shows that there are other factors that contribute to the achievement of the HDI. The Human Development Report 2016 specifically emphasizes that Indonesia must improve service delivery and give serious attention to local accountability mechanisms. This raises the question of how the role of local government accountability for human development in Indonesia. Using Hausman Taylor estimator, we estimate the effect of public spending and accountability from the district panel data in Indonesia over the period 2012-2016. The results in this paper suggest that public expenditure alone is not sufficient in achieving human development outcome. However, when governance is involved, public expenditure in the health sector is effective in increasing HDI in districts with high local government accountability, and vice versa is not effective in districts with low accountability.

Abstrak :
Sistem Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja dirancang untuk menciptakan efisiensi, efektivitas dan akuntabilitas dalam pemanfaatan anggaran belanja publik. Pada sistem Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja berusaha mengaitkan antara pendanaan dengan hasil. Skripsi ini membahas tentang bagaimana penerapan sistem Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja pada Pemerintah Kota Tangerang beserta permasalahan yang dihadapi di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep yang ada mengenai prosedur penerapan Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan post-positivist dan menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan sistem Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja pada Pemerintah Kota Tangerang masih lemah dan belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penerapannya umumnya terkait kurangnya kuantitas dan kualitas SDM serta terbatasnya informasi data yang mendukung.

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Performance-Based Budgeting System is designed to create efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the public budget. In the Performance-Based Budgeting system seeks to link between funding and results. This research describes about how implementation of performance-based budgeting system in Tangerang City Government with the problems in it. The research uses the existing concepts concerning in implementation of performance-based budgeting procedures. This research was conducted by using post-positivist approach and indepth interview. The results showed that the implementation of performance based budgeting system in Tangerang City Government is still weak and has not been fully implemented. The problems encountered in its implementation is generally related to the lack of quantity and quality of human resources and the limited data supporting information.