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"Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tidak mungkin berkembangan dalam suatu masyarakat yang tidak siap menerima hal-hal baru dan bersedia merubah prinsip dan pengetahuan yang selama ini diakui kebenerannya, jika kemudian terdapat fakta ilmiah yang membuktikan kesalahan pengetahuan tersebut. Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi hanya akan lahir dan berkembang di tengah masyrakat yang bersikap kritis empiris. Pendidikan ilmu pengetahuan sejak dini merupakan upaya untuk menanamkan budaya ilmiah pada anak didik. Ada lima sikap ilmiah yang perlu ditanamkan sejak dini, yakni komunalisme, universalisme, ketidakberpihakan, skeptisme terorganisir dan kejujuran. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan sangat ditentukan oleh nilai budaya yang terdapat dalam suatu masyarakat, karenanya membangun masyarakat berbudaya iptek adalah dengan membangun sikap kritis, jujur dan adil melalui pendidikan di masyarakat sejak usian dini."

"Artikel ini akan mendeskripsikan kontribusi perempuan penyintas pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dalam mendorong inisiatif keadilan transisional di tingkat lokal atau komunitas di Indonesia. Dalam posisi marginalnya, baik sebagai perempuan maupun korban pelanggaran HAM, perempuan penyintas menunjukkan keagenannya untuk menghadapi hambatan sosial, politik, budaya dan struktural. Inisiatif dan partisipasi perempuan penyintas di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Aceh, dan Yogyakarta, telah berkontribusi pada munculnya model keadilan transisional di tingkat lokal, seperti permintaan maaf bagi korban, program bantuan kesehatan, beasiswa, dan pengungkapan kebenaran. Inisiatif keadilan transisional di tingkat lokal ini tidak hanya mengisi kesenjangan akuntabilitas yang seharusnya dipikul oleh negara, tetapi juga memperkuat implementasi mekanisme keadilan transisional yang diselenggarakan oleh negara atau pemerintah, baik di tingkat lokal maupun nasional."

"Skripsi ini membahas hubungan pengusaha Shanghai dan pemerintah Nanjing (1927-1933). Bagaimana hubungan keduanya dapat dilihat melalui kebijakan Pemerintah Nanjing terhadap pengusaha Shanghai. Kebijakan ini tercermin melalui peraturan-peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh Kuomintang terhadap Asosiasi Pengusaha Shanghai. Kebijakan Chiang Kai-shek sebagai presiden dan T.V Soong sebagai mentri keuangan pemerintah Nanjing juga berpengaruh terhadap hubungan keduanya. Selain itu, skripsi ini juga membahas bagaimana hubungan pengusaha Shanghai dan pemerintah Nanjing yang tercermin dalam peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi antara tahun 1927-1933. Skripsi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengusaha Shanghai tidak memiliki peran politik yang signifikan pada masa pemerintah Nanjing. Selain itu, pengusaha Shanghai juga tidak dapat mempengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah Nanjing.

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The Focus of this study is the relation between Shanghai Businessmen and Nanjing government (1927-1933). The relation between them can be seen through the Nanjing Governments policy toward Shanghai Businessmen. This policy was reflected by the regulations issued by Nanjing government toward the Shanghai Businessmen Association. The policy of Chiang Kai-shek as the President and the policy of T.V Soong as the Financial Minister toward Shanghai Businessmen will represent the relation between them. Besides, this thesis also analyzes how Shanghai Businessmens relation with Nanjing Government, which describe on the events happened between 1927 and 1933. As a conclusion, Shanghai businessmen didn't have a significant political role during Nanjing government era. They were also not able to exercise considerable political influence on government decision-making."

"This book experience addresses this gap in the historiography of Canadian Immigration. From the tentative steps taken by the pre-confederation colonies to provide for the needs of arriving immigrants, often sick and destitute, through the provision of accommodation and free land to settlers of a century ago, to today?s multi-faceted settlement program, this book traces a fascinating history that provides an important context to today?s policies and practices. It also serves to remind us that those who preceded us did, indeed, care for immigrants and did much to make them feel welcome in Canada. The Canadian experience in integration, over the past two centuries, suggests many policy-related research themes for further exploration both in Canada and in other immigrant receiving countries."

"This book examines the origins of immigration restriction in the United States, especially deportation policy. Based on an analysis of immigration policies in major American coastal states, including New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Louisiana, and California, it provides the first sustained study of immigration control conducted by states prior to the introduction of federal immigration law in the late nineteenth century. The influx of impoverished Irish immigrants over the first half of the nineteenth century led nativists in New York and Massachusetts to develop policies for prohibiting the landing of destitute foreigners and deporting those already in the states to Europe, Canada, or other American states. No other coastal state engaged in immigration regulation with the same level of legislative effort and success as the two states. By locating the roots of American immigration control in cultural prejudice against the Irish and, more essentially, economic concerns about their poverty in nineteenth-century New York and Massachusetts, this book fundamentally revises the history of American immigration policy, which has largely focused on anti-Asian racism on the West Coast. Beginning with Irish migrants initial departure from Ireland, this book traces their transatlantic movement to North America, expulsion from the United States, and postdeportation lives. In doing so, it places the implementation of American deportation policy in a broad context that extended from the United States to Ireland, Britain, and Canada, demonstrating how the policy operated as part of a larger legal culture of excluding nonproducing members from societies in the Atlantic world."