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"Perkembangan liga sepak bola di Indonesia sedang menjadi perhatian saat ini. Salah satu aspek terpenting dari keberlangsungan sebuah liga adalah penjadwalan dari kompetisi itu sendiri. Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki lebih dari 17 ribu pulau. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya tantangan tersendiri membuat jadwal dari tim yang bertanding dari berbagai pulau, namun tetap memperhatikan “fairness” dalam segi jarak. Penelitian ini membahas Traveling Tournament Problem (TTP) yang memfokuskan masalah utama yang ada di Liga 1 Indonesia yaitu jarak antar tim yang tidak merata. Penelitian ini mengusulkan algorima simulated annealing untuk penyelesaian TTP yang mengeksplorasi semua kemungkinan jadwal, dengan mencatat pelanggaran- pelanggarannya terhadap aturan penjadwalan. Penyelesaian simulated annealing menggunakan solusi neighborhood, dan pemanasan ulang untuk menyeimbangkan hasil optimasi agar bisa menghindari local optima pada suhu-suhu yang rendah. Hasil optimasi dari algoritma menghasilkan dua fokusan yaitu minimalisir jarak dengan hasil (dari 165.200 Km menjadi 146.702 Km), dan minimalisir koefisien variasi untuk mencapai jarak yang lebih seragam dengan hasil (dari 165.200 Km menjadi 154.124 Km). Pengurangan jarak ini, apabila dilihat lebih dalam bisa dibagi menjadi jarak tim luar Jawa dan tim pulau Jawa dimana terjadi ketimpangan antara model yang fokus terhadap jarak dibandingkan dengan koefisien variasi.

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The development of football leagues in Indonesia is currently receiving considerable attention. One of the most critical aspects in the success of a sports league is the scheduling of the competition itself. As an archipelago nation with over 17,000 islands, Indonesia faces unique challenges in scheduling matches for teams from different islands while ensuring fairness in travel distances. This study addresses the Traveling Tournament Problem (TTP), focusing on the primary issue in Indonesia's Liga 1 which is, the inequality distances between teams. The research proposes a simulated annealing algorithm to solve the TTP by exploring all possible schedules and recording violations of scheduling rules. The simulated annealing solution uses neighbourhood solutions and reheating to balance the optimization results and avoid local optima at low temperatures. The optimization results produce two focuses, firstly minimizing distance (from 165,200 km to 146,702 km) and minimizing the coefficient of variation to achieve more uniform distances (from 165,200 km to 154,124 km). This distance reduction can be further divided into the distance for teams outside Java and teams on Java, revealing a disparity between the model focused on distance compared to the coefficient of variation."

"This book lays down a marker as to the state of economists’ understanding of the National Football League (NFL) by assembling sophisticated, critical surveys of by leading sports economists on major topics associated with the league. The book is divided into four parts. The first three chapters in Part I provide an overview of the business of the NFL from an economist’s perspective. Part II is a collection of surveys of the economics of the NFL’s most important revenue streams, including media, attendance, and merchandising. The NFL’s labor economics is the focus of Part III, with chapters on player and coach labor markets, the draft, and contract structure. Part IV includes essays on competitive balance, gambling, economic impacts of the Super Bowl, behavioral economic issues associated with the league, and antitrust issues. "