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"Instalasi Gizi merupakan salah satu unit pelaksana fungsional di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, melaksanakan 4 kegiatan pokok yaitu: pengadaan makanan, pelayanan ruang rawat inap, penyuluhan/konsultasi gizi dan rujukan gizi serta penelitian dan pengembangan gizi terapan. Pengadaan makanan untuk orang sakit mempunyai aspek terapi dengan tujuan memenuhi kebutuhan dan memperpendek hari rawat. Makanan pasien akan berpengaruh pada citra pelayanan rumah sakit bersangkutan. Instalasi Gizi RSCM sebagai organisasi yang bertanggung jawab atas pelayanan gizi dan melayani kebutuhan makanan bagi pasien dan pegawai dinas rumah sakit, memerlukan sistem pengendalian persediaan yang baik. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua bahan makanan yang dibeli Instalasi Gizi RSCM. Sedangkan sampel diambil dengan menentukan bahan-bahan makanan pada kelompok A, B dan C. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rata-rata anggaran yang tidak terealisasi pada tahun 1994/1995 dan 1995/1996 berturut-turut adalah 4.9% dan 1.86%, sedangkan rata-rata perbedaan perbandingan persediaan nyata dengan ramalan tahun 1994/1995 dan 1995/1996 berturut-turut adalah 39.61% dan 39.30%. Pada perencanaan kebutuhan bahan makanan, ramalan jumlah konsumen dihitung hanya dengan melihat jumlah konsumen rata-rata 3 bulan sebelumnya tanpa memperhatikan kemungkinan trend naik atau turun. Disamping itu perencanaan kebutuhan untuk lauk hewani ditambahkan 30 porsi, sehingga perencanaan kebutuhan bahan makanan menjadi besar. Pengendalian persediaan bahan makanan tahun 1995/1996 masih belum tepat. Ramalan persediaan akhir triwulan yang digunakan untuk perencanaan bahan makanan diperoleh dari pemakaian bahan makanan 30 hari pertama. Sedangkan untuk 60 hari berikutnya dianggap 2 kali 30 hari pertama tersebut, tanpa memperhitungkan naik turunya pemakaian. Setiap jenis bahan makanan juga diperlukan sama tanpa memperhatikan seringnya penggunaan bahan makanan tersebut dan besarnya investasi, sehingga persediaan bahan makanan tidak stabil. Dari hasil analisa ABC terhadap besarnya investasi bahan makanan pada triwulan I 1996/1997 diperoleh 18 jenis bahan makanan kelompok A, 38 janis bahan makanan kelompok B dan 109 jenis bahan makanan kelompok C, dengan besar investasi berturut-turut 70,03%; 20,09% dan 9,88%. Peramalan kebutuhan jenis bahan makanan dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Single Exponential Smoothing, Single Moving Everage dan Trend. Pengendalian persediaan bahan makanan dilakukan dengan menghitung Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan Lead Time. Sedangkan untuk waktu dan jumlah pemesanan bahan makanan diperoleh dari perhitungan Order Interval dan Reorder Point (ROP).Saran yang diusulkan :1. Penampilan jumlah persediaan bahan makanan untuk lauk hewani sebanyak 30 porsi tidak perlu dilakukan jika perhitungan perencanaan bahan makanan sudah tepat.2. Perlunya anggaran tambahan dari swadana untuk meningkatkan mutu makanan pasien khususnya untuk pemenuhan nilai gizi pasien.3. Perlunya penggunaan komputer dalam pengendalian persediaan bahan makanan.

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Foodstuff Stock Controlling Of Food Production In Dr. Cipto Mangonkusumo National Central General Hospital, JakartaDietary Department is one of functional unit in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo performs the four major activities such as food purchases, ward services, dietary consultation/instruction and referral service to nutrition problems, research and development in applied nutrition. Food purchasing to the sick patients have therapy aspect purposes to fulfill the requisites and to shorten the day care. The food of patient will be directly involved in service image of the hospital itself. Dietary department is as a responsible organization for nutrition servicing and fulfills the meals of patients and also meals of the hospital's staff and duty, requires stock control system. This research population is all of the foodstuffs to be purchased by the dietary department of RSCM, for research samples were taken to -classify foodstuff at A,B,C groups.

From the result of the research are found that approximately budgeting can't be realized in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 on sequence were 4,9% and 1,86%, where as in comparison of differential from the real stock with a prediction in 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 are as follows 39,61% and 39,30%. The foodstuff requisite planning, consumer amount prediction just was calculated by looking at average consumer amount prior to 3 months ignorance fluctuation of possibility tendency. Besides the livestock requisite planning is added 30 portions so making foodstuffs planning is increased. Foodstuff stock controlling in 1995/1996 weren't suitable. Stock prediction at last first three-months was used to foodstuff planning taking from the first 30 days foodstuff consumption. For the next 60 days will be estimated double days from the first 30 days, without calculating the fluctuation consumption. Each varieties of foodstuff also are needed on the same level without showing repeatedly on utilization of the foodstuff and have large investment, making the foodstuff stock was unstable.

From the result of ABC analysis to be knowledgeable about a large of foodstuff and C group 109 varieties of foodstuff, with investment as follows 70,04%, 2004% and 9,92%. Foodstuff variety requisite prediction can be counted by using the methods of single exponential smoothing, single moving average and trend. Foodstuff stock controlling was performed to calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ) and lead time. And for foodstuff order values and when foodstuff timing were obtained by calculating order interval and reorder point (ROP).

The recommendation are:

1. Foodstuff stock amount improvement for 30 portions of livestock can?t be realized if the calculation of foodstuff is done properly.

2. The additional budgeting of private funding improves the patient food quality, especially to fulfill nutrition value of the patients.

3. Computerization programmed should be prepared in stock and foodstuff controlling."

"ABSTRAKThe overall objectives of this research is to examine whether the intrahousehold food distribution exists in rural middle income and urban low income households and the nutritional status of members household having lactating mother in Dong Hung district and Thai Binh town,Thai Binh province of Vietnam. This research is designed as a cross-sectional study. A total of 25 urban low income and 25 rural middle income households having lactating mothers with breastfed infants 1-6 months of age were studied from January to March 1996. Food intake of selected household members (father, lactating mother, and children 1-5 years old) was collected using a combined food weighing and food recall method. A three consecutive days of food weighing was done during mealtime in each household. For food eaten outside the home or food eaten between meals when the researcher was not present, then food recall method was used. The results showed that inequality in food distribution within household existed in both rural and urban households. In general, father was the one who got more adequate intake compared to mother and child within household. Members of urban households had higher adequacy for some nutrients than their rural counterparts. Consequently, the nutritional status based on anthropometric indices of urban household members was better than those in rural households. "

"ABSTRACTThe recommendation and estimation of human energy and dietary requirement until today has been based only on the physiological needs of food nutrients. The fact that food is also an integral part of socialization process seemed to be ignored. In some communities beside having a social function, food is also used non-physiologically such as in religious ceremonies. It was hypothesized that for communities like Bali Island where food is used extensively for non-physiological purpose, such as in religious ceremonies, the present recommendation is still inadequate as--it failed to consider the food needed for that purpose. Furthermore it was believed that the quality and quantity of food used for that practice depends on the socio-economic status of the households.

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The general objectives of this study was to observe the non-physiological. usage of food in Balinese household, in order to calculate the total food requirement of households for both physiological and social needs and to obtain information on the religious and cultural background or explanation of the practice.

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The results of semi-structured interviews and observations on 60 households from two villages in Tabanan Districts, Bali, indicated that there were no statistically significant relationship between the quality and quantity of food used non-physiologically and the socio-economic status of the households. Based on the three alternate days 24-hour recall, it was calculated that the food used for' non-physiological purpose in terms of kcal amounted to 3.6 % of the total daily average energy intake of households in village Timpag and 4.1 % of households in Pandakbandung village. Based on observation, Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview with selected key informants it was estimated that in term of energy, the average daily usage of food for non-physiological purpose for the whole year, were more than 641 kcal which equals to more than 7.5 % of aver-age daily calorie intake of-the sample households."

"Tujuan umum penelitian mi adalah untuk mengetahui faktor - faktor yang mémpengaruhi permintaan pangan rumah tangga khususnya pangan sumber karbohidrat di Provinsi Maluku dan mengetahui komoditas pangan lokal apa yang berpotensi menjadi pengganti beras sebagai sumber pangan pokok masyarakat di Provinsi Maluku. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis model Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian mi adalah data hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) untuk Provinsi Maluku Tahun 2010. Pola perrnintaan sumber karbohidrat di Provinsi Maluku secara umurn dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan dan harga komoditas baik harga sendiri maupun harga silang dan secara spesifik untuk masing-masing komoditas dipengaruhi faktor sosial demografi yang berbeda-beda. Koinoditas yang bersifat substitusi terhadap beras dalam penelitian mi adalah komoditas sagu dan pangan lokal lain (jagung, talas, ubijalar dan kentang). Namun kendalanya, komoditas-komoditas tersebut termasuk dalam komoditas inferior di Provinsiini. Selain itu, terigu yang merupakan produk impor menjadi salah satu ancaman dalam penyediaan pangan bagi masyarakat di Provinsi Maluku karena komoditas mi bersifat substitusi terhadap seluruh kelompok komoditas yang diteliti selain beras.

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The general objective of this study was to determine the factors that affect the household food demand on source of carbohydrate and the commodities of local resources that could potentially be a substitute for rice as a staple food source for communities in Maluku. The analysis is using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. The data used in this study is data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) of Maluku Province in 2010. The pattern of demand for carbohydrate sources in Maluku Province in general influenced by income and price. The social demographic variables influenced specifically on each commodity. Commodities that are substitutes for rice in this study are sagu and other local foods (corn, talas, sweet potato, and potato). But these commodities are inferior in this province based on income elasticity. In addition, wheat commodities that is imported become one of the threats on food providing specially for Maluku communities, because this commodities are substitutes of all commodities group in this study, except for rice"

"This research was aimed at analyzing sustainability of rice avaibility at regional level, based on sustainability index with RAP-RICE menthod using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS). This study used primary and secondary data. Result of the MDS analysis RAP-RICE ordinary..."

"Sea urchin are marine invertebrate. Taxonomist grouped the sea urchin in the filum echinodermata..."

"The objective of the research is to analysis the role of female in food diversification effort in order to reach food security that is affected by householder in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) Indonesia. We focused in role of female household level because female is the decision maker to choose and serve the food household consumption..."

"Politik pangan Indonesia tertuang dalam UU No.7 tahun 1996 tentang pangan. Pencapaian politik pangan diukur lewat konsep ketahanan pangan. Konsep ini diadopsi ternyata tidak mampu mengatasi masalah kelaparan. Konsep ketahanan pangan yang tidak mempersoalkan siapa yang memproduksi, dari mana produksi pangan, dan bagaimana pangan diproduksi kemudian jadi "kuda troya" kapitalisasi sisitem pembangunan pangan dunia yang didesain oleh negara-negara utara.Hasilnya, sistem pertanian negara-negara selatan hancur.Kondisi ini melahirkan konsep tandingan: kedaulatan pangan. Berbeda dengan ketahanan pangan yang teknis, kedaulatan pangan adalah konsep politik. Ada perbedaan mendasar antara ketahanan pangan dengan kedaulatan pangan: model produksi pertanian industri VS agroekologis dan multikultur; pasar bebas VS proteksionis dan lokal; memakai instrumen WTO vs International Planning committee for food sovereignty; memuja paten vs anti paten dan komunal; dan wacana economic rationalism vs green rationalism. Jadi, diverfikasi pangan hanya bagian kecil untuk menggapai kedaulatan pangan. Diversifikasi pangan dirintis sejak 1960-an, tetapi hasilnya belum memuaskan. Hal pola konsumsi dan produksi/ketersediaan pangan tidak seimbang, inefisiensi sisitem distribusi dan liberalisasi pasar pangan. Dibandingkan negara-negara Asia, Indonesia memiliki daya dukung lahan cukup baik. Untuk memperkuat diversifikasi pangan harus dipastikan SD ada di bawah kontrol petani/komunitas untuk memproduksi aneka pangan sesuai kondisi lokal, mendahulukan pangan yang bisa diproduksi sendiri daripada impor, mengolah pangan lokal menjadi tepung, mengubah kebijakan diversifikasi pangan yang tidak konsisten, merancang ulang pasar pangan, dan menjaga konsisitensi kebijakan."