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Abstrak :
Bulk Urea Storage (BUS) dengan kapasitas 120.000 Ton dengan desain temperatur dan kelembaban relatif konstan sebesar 38 oC dan RH 50%. Tekanan di dalam BUS dikondisikan 75 Pa lebih besar daripada tekanan lingkungan agar tidak terjadi infilterasi (Air Leakage). Akan tetapi infiltrasi yang terjadi tidak bisa dihindari karena adanya perbedaan tekanan. Setelah dilakukan simulasi menggunakan Contam dengan menggunakan metode infiltrasi yaitu Effective Leakage Area (ELA) sebesar 10,619 m2 didapatkan laju aliran udara (Q) yang paling besar didapatkan 4641,63 L/s dengan perbedaan tekanan (∆P) pada BUS sebesar 34,41 Pa. Dengan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) didapatkan rata-rata 101337 Pa, ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan dalam BUS bernilai positip dan lebih besar 12 Pa dibandingkan tekanan lingkungan sebesar 101325 Pa (1 Atm). Pada Simulasi EnergyPlus didapatkan didapatkan penghematan energi sebesar 10,6%. ...... Bulk Urea Storage (BUS) dengan kapasitas 120.000 Ton dengan desain temperatur dan kelembaban relatif konstan sebesar 38 oC dan RH 50%. Tekanan di dalam BUS dikondisikan 75 Pa lebih besar daripada tekanan lingkungan agar tidak terjadi infilterasi (Air Leakage). Akan tetapi infiltrasi yang terjadi tidak bisa dihindari karena adanya perbedaan tekanan. Setelah dilakukan simulasi menggunakan Contam dengan menggunakan metode infiltrasi yaitu Effective Leakage Area (ELA) sebesar 10,619 m2 didapatkan laju aliran udara (Q) yang paling besar didapatkan 4641,63 L/s dengan perbedaan tekanan (∆P) pada BUS sebesar 34,41 Pa. Dengan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) didapatkan rata-rata 101337 Pa, ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan dalam BUS bernilai positip dan lebih besar 12 Pa dibandingkan tekanan lingkungan sebesar 101325 Pa (1 Atm). Pada Simulasi EnergyPlus didapatkan didapatkan penghematan energi sebesar 10,6%.

Abstrak :
Detailed hints for the implementation of the various algorithms enable readers to write their own flow simulation program from scratch. The variety of applications is shown in several simulation results, including 93 black-and-white and 17 color illustrations. Moreover, after reading this book, readers should be able to understand more enhanced algorithms of computational fluid dynamics and to apply their new knowledge of modeling, discretization, parallelization, and visualization to other scientific fields, where numerical simulation has established itself, in addition to theoretical investigations and practical experiments, as a new path for uncovering the laws of nature. Among these fields are the examination of elastic solids, combustion, melting and coating processes, and crystal growth, as well as weather prediction.

Abstrak :
The book develops a descriptive mathematical model articulated through continuum mechanics concepts for these non-Newtonian, viscoelastic fluids and turbulent flows. Each complex fluid and flow is examined in this continuum context as well as in combination with the turbulent flow of viscoelastic fluids. Some details are also explored via kinetic theory, especially viscoelastic fluids and their treatment with the Boltzmann equation. Both solution and modeling strategies for turbulent flows are laid out using continuum concepts, including a description of constructing polynomial representations and accounting for non-inertial and curvature effects.

Abstrak :
The tracer method was first introduced to measure the actual flow of fluid in a vessel, and then to develop a suitable model to represent this flow. Such models are used to follow the flow of fluid in chemical reactors and other process units, in rivers and streams, and through soils and porous structures. Also, in medicine they are used to study the flow of chemicals, harmful or not, in the blood streams of animals and man. Tracer technology, written by Octave Levenspiel, shows how we use tracers to follow the flow of fluids and then we develop a variety of models to represent these flows. This activity is called tracer technology.

Abstrak :
The relatively recent increase in computational power available for mathematical modeling and simulation raises the possibility that modern numerical methods can play a significant role in the analysis of complex particulate flows. This introductory monograph focuses on basic models and physically based computational solution strategies for the direct and rapid simulation of flowing particulate media. Its emphasis is primarily on fluidized dry particulate flows in which there is no significant interstitial fluid, although fully coupled fluid-particle systems are discussed as well. An introduction to basic computational methods for ascertaining optical responses of particulate systems also is included. The successful analysis of a wide range of applications requires the simulation of flowing particulate media that simultaneously involves near-field interaction and contact between particles in a thermally sensitive environment. These systems naturally occur in astrophysics and geophysics; powder processing pharmaceutical industries; bio-, micro- and nanotechnologies; and applications arising from the study of spray processes involving aerosols, sputtering, and epitaxy.